Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/skeyd-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Extension of the root *skey-.

Root

*skeyd- (perfective)^[1]

to split, to divide

Alternative reconstructions

*sḱʰeyd-^[2]

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *skeyd- (23 c, 0 e)

*skéyd-t ~ *skid-ént ([skéjtst ~ skidént], athematic root aorist)
*ski-né-d-ti ~ *ski-n-d-énti ([skinétsti ~ skindénti], nasal-infix present)
*skoyd-éye-ti (causative)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *skáiˀdīˀtei^[3]^[4]
  - Eastern Baltic:
    - Latvian: skaîdît (“to dilute, spill”)
    - Lithuanian: skáidyti (“to separate, divide, distribute”)
  - Proto-Slavic: *cědìti (“to strain, filter”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *skaydáyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śćaydáyati (leveled with the zero- and e-grade root forms)
    - Sanskrit: छेदयति (chedáyati, “to (cause to) cut off, split apart”)
*skid-yé-ti (zero-grade ye-present)
- Proto-Hellenic: *skʰíďďō
  - Ancient Greek: σχίζω (skhízō) (with *skʰid- perhaps for *skidʰ, if the extension is with *dʰeh₁-.)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *sčidyáti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śćidyáti
    - Sanskrit: छिद्यते (chídyate, chidyáte)
*skéyd-ye-ti (full-grade ye-present)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *skeistei
  - Latvian: šķiêst
  - Lithuanian: skíesti (“to separate”)
*skid-i-s, *skid-o-s
- Proto-Germanic: *skitiz, *skītaz (see there for further descendants)
*skid-nó-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *śčidnás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śćidnás
    - Sanskrit: छिन्न (chinna) (see there for further descendants)
*skeyd-ro-s
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *skeidras
  - Proto-Slavic: *ščedrъ (“generous”) (see there for further descendants)
*skéyd-ti-s ~ *skid-téy-s
- Proto-Hellenic: *skʰístis
  - Ancient Greek: σχίσις (skhísis)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *śčítˢtiš (zero-grade)
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śćíttiṣ
    - Sanskrit: छित्ति (chítti)
*skid-tó-s ([skitstós])
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *skī́stas
  - Eastern Baltic:
    - Latvian: šķîsts (“thin, clear, clean”)
    - Lithuanian: skýstas (“thin”)
  - Western Baltic:
    - Old Prussian: skijstan (“pure”)
  - Proto-Slavic: *čistъ (“clean, pure”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *skʰistós
  - Ancient Greek: σχιστός (skhistós)
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: ցտեմ (cʻtem)
    - → Armenian: ցտել (cʻtel) (learned)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Eastern Baltic:
    - Lithuanian: skėsti (“to spread”)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Proto-Slavic: *cěstiti (“to purify, cleanse”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Celtic:
  - Proto-Brythonic:
    - Welsh: cwys
- Proto-Celtic:
  - Proto-Brythonic:
    - Welsh: chwydu
Proto-Tocharian: *kät- ^[5]
- Tocharian A: kät-
- Tocharian B: kät-

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “σχίζω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1437-8
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 547-8
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “cědìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 74: “BSl. *(s)koiʔd-; […] PIE *(s)koid-”
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “skaidyti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 400
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “kät-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 166-167

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “σχίζω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1437-8

[LIV-2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 547-8

[3] Derksen, Rick (2008) “cědìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 74: “BSl. *(s)koiʔd-; […] PIE *(s)koid-”

[4] Derksen, Rick (2015) “skaidyti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 400

[5] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “kät-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 166-167

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