Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂énǵʰus
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
[edit]Alternative reconstructions
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From *h₂enǵʰ- (“narrow, tight”) + *-us (Caland system suffix).
Adjective
[edit]*h₂énǵʰus[2]
Inflection
[edit]Older proterokinetic pattern:
| Athematic, proterokinetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *h₂énǵʰus | *h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂ | |
| genitive | *h₂n̥ǵʰéws | *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *h₂énǵʰus | *h₂énǵʰuh₁(e) | *h₂énǵʰewes |
| vocative | *h₂énǵʰu | *h₂énǵʰuh₁(e) | *h₂énǵʰewes |
| accusative | *h₂énǵʰum | *h₂énǵʰuh₁(e) | *h₂énǵʰums |
| genitive | *h₂n̥ǵʰéws | *? | *h₂n̥ǵʰéwoHom |
| ablative | *h₂n̥ǵʰéws | *? | *h₂n̥ǵʰúmos, *h₂n̥ǵʰúbʰos |
| dative | *h₂n̥ǵʰéwey | *? | *h₂n̥ǵʰúmos, *h₂n̥ǵʰúbʰos |
| locative | *h₂n̥ǵʰéw, *h₂n̥ǵʰéwi | *? | *h₂n̥ǵʰúsu |
| instrumental | *h₂n̥ǵʰúh₁ | *? | *h₂n̥ǵʰúmis, *h₂n̥ǵʰúbʰis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂ | *h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂h₁(e) | *h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂es |
| vocative | *h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂ | *h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂h₁(e) | *h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂es |
| accusative | *h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂m̥ | *h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂h₁(e) | *h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂m̥s |
| genitive | *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂s | *? | *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂oHom |
| ablative | *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂s | *? | *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂mos, *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂bʰos |
| dative | *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂ey | *? | *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂mos, *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂bʰos |
| locative | *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂, *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂i | *? | *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂su |
| instrumental | *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂h₁ | *? | *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂mis, *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂bʰis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *h₂énǵʰu | *h₂énǵʰwih₁ | *h₂énǵʰuh₂ |
| vocative | *h₂énǵʰu | *h₂énǵʰwih₁ | *h₂énǵʰuh₂ |
| accusative | *h₂énǵʰu | *h₂énǵʰwih₁ | *h₂énǵʰuh₂ |
| genitive | *h₂n̥ǵʰéws | *? | *h₂n̥ǵʰéwoHom |
| ablative | *h₂n̥ǵʰéws | *? | *h₂n̥ǵʰúmos, *h₂n̥ǵʰúbʰos |
| dative | *h₂n̥ǵʰéwey | *? | *h₂n̥ǵʰúmos, *h₂n̥ǵʰúbʰos |
| locative | *h₂n̥ǵʰéw, *h₂n̥ǵʰéwi | *? | *h₂n̥ǵʰúsu |
| instrumental | *h₂n̥ǵʰúh₁ | *? | *h₂n̥ǵʰúmis, *h₂n̥ǵʰúbʰis |
Later hysterokinetic pattern:
| Athematic, hysterokinetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *h₂n̥ǵʰús | *h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂ | |
| genitive | *h₂n̥ǵʰéws | *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *h₂n̥ǵʰús | *h₂n̥ǵʰúh₁(e) | *h₂n̥ǵʰúes |
| vocative | *h₂n̥ǵʰú | *h₂n̥ǵʰúh₁(e) | *h₂n̥ǵʰúes |
| accusative | *h₂n̥ǵʰúm | *h₂n̥ǵʰúh₁(e) | *h₂n̥ǵʰúms |
| genitive | *h₂n̥ǵʰéws | *? | *h₂n̥ǵʰéwoHom |
| ablative | *h₂n̥ǵʰéws | *? | *h₂n̥ǵʰéwmos, *h₂n̥ǵʰéwbʰos |
| dative | *h₂n̥ǵʰéwey | *? | *h₂n̥ǵʰéwmos, *h₂n̥ǵʰéwbʰos |
| locative | *h₂n̥ǵʰéw, *h₂n̥ǵʰéwi | *? | *h₂n̥ǵʰéwsu |
| instrumental | *h₂n̥ǵʰéwh₁ | *? | *h₂n̥ǵʰéwmis, *h₂n̥ǵʰéwbʰis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂ | *h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂h₁(e) | *h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂es |
| vocative | *h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂ | *h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂h₁(e) | *h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂es |
| accusative | *h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂m̥ | *h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂h₁(e) | *h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂m̥s |
| genitive | *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂s | *? | *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂oHom |
| ablative | *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂s | *? | *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂mos, *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂bʰos |
| dative | *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂ey | *? | *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂mos, *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂bʰos |
| locative | *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂, *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂i | *? | *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂su |
| instrumental | *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂h₁ | *? | *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂mis, *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂bʰis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *h₂n̥ǵʰú | *h₂n̥ǵʰúyh₁ | *h₂n̥ǵʰúh₂ |
| vocative | *h₂n̥ǵʰú | *h₂n̥ǵʰúyh₁ | *h₂n̥ǵʰúh₂ |
| accusative | *h₂n̥ǵʰú | *h₂n̥ǵʰúyh₁ | *h₂n̥ǵʰúh₂ |
| genitive | *h₂n̥ǵʰéws | *? | *h₂n̥ǵʰéwoHom |
| ablative | *h₂n̥ǵʰéws | *? | *h₂n̥ǵʰéwmos, *h₂n̥ǵʰéwbʰos |
| dative | *h₂n̥ǵʰéwey | *? | *h₂n̥ǵʰéwmos, *h₂n̥ǵʰéwbʰos |
| locative | *h₂n̥ǵʰéw, *h₂n̥ǵʰéwi | *? | *h₂n̥ǵʰéwsu |
| instrumental | *h₂n̥ǵʰéwh₁ | *? | *h₂n̥ǵʰéwmis, *h₂n̥ǵʰéwbʰis |
Descendants
[edit]- Armenian:
- Old Armenian: անձուկ (anjuk, “narrow, tight”)
- Balto-Slavic:
- Proto-Celtic: *angus (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *anguz (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hánȷ́ʰuš
References
[edit]- ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[2], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN