Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-nós

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Suffix

*(Ø)-nós

1. Creates verbal adjectives from roots.

Inflection

Thematic
	masculine	feminine
nominative	*(Ø)-nós	*(Ø)-néh₂
genitive	*(Ø)-nósyo	*(Ø)-néh₂s
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*(Ø)-nós	*(Ø)-nóh₁	*(Ø)-nóes
vocative	*(Ø)-né	*(Ø)-nóh₁	*(Ø)-nóes
accusative	*(Ø)-nóm	*(Ø)-nóh₁	*(Ø)-nóms
genitive	*(Ø)-nósyo	*?	*(Ø)-nóHom
ablative	*(Ø)-néad	*?	*(Ø)-nómos, *(Ø)-nóbʰos
dative	*(Ø)-nóey	*?	*(Ø)-nómos, *(Ø)-nóbʰos
locative	*(Ø)-néy, *(Ø)-nóy	*?	*(Ø)-nóysu
instrumental	*(Ø)-nóh₁	*?	*(Ø)-nṓys
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*(Ø)-néh₂	*(Ø)-néh₂h₁(e)	*(Ø)-néh₂es
vocative	*(Ø)-néh₂	*(Ø)-néh₂h₁(e)	*(Ø)-néh₂es
accusative	*(Ø)-nā́m	*(Ø)-néh₂h₁(e)	*(Ø)-néh₂m̥s
genitive	*(Ø)-néh₂s	*?	*(Ø)-néh₂oHom
ablative	*(Ø)-néh₂s	*?	*(Ø)-néh₂mos, *(Ø)-néh₂bʰos
dative	*(Ø)-néh₂ey	*?	*(Ø)-néh₂mos, *(Ø)-néh₂bʰos
locative	*(Ø)-néh₂, *(Ø)-néh₂i	*?	*(Ø)-néh₂su
instrumental	*(Ø)-néh₂h₁	*?	*(Ø)-néh₂mis, *(Ø)-néh₂bʰis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*(Ø)-nóm	*(Ø)-nóy(h₁)	*(Ø)-néh₂
vocative	*(Ø)-nóm	*(Ø)-nóy(h₁)	*(Ø)-néh₂
accusative	*(Ø)-nóm	*(Ø)-nóy(h₁)	*(Ø)-néh₂
genitive	*(Ø)-nósyo	*?	*(Ø)-nóHom
ablative	*(Ø)-néad	*?	*(Ø)-nómos, *(Ø)-nóbʰos
dative	*(Ø)-nóey	*?	*(Ø)-nómos, *(Ø)-nóbʰos
locative	*(Ø)-néy, *(Ø)-nóy	*?	*(Ø)-nóysu
instrumental	*(Ø)-nóh₁	*?	*(Ø)-nṓys

Synonyms

• *-tós

Derived terms

Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-nós

• *-iHnos
• *-nom
  • *-o-nom, *-onom
    • Sanskrit: -अन (-ana)
      • Prakrit: -𑀅𑀡 (-aṇa)
        • Bengali: -না (-na), -অনা (-ona)
        • Hindi: -ना (-nā)
    • Proto-Germanic: *-aną (see there for further descendants)

Descendants

• Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-nas, *-inas
  • Lithuanian: -inas
  • Old Prussian: -ins
  • Proto-Slavic: *-ьnъ (from *-inas)
  • Proto-Slavic: *-nъ (most past passive participles)
• Proto-Germanic: *-anaz (all strong past participles)
  • Old English: -en
    • Middle English: -en, -e
      • English: -en, -Ø
• Proto-Hellenic: *-nos
  • Ancient Greek: -νος (-nos)
• Proto-Italic: *-nos
  • Latin: -nus, -ānus (and -iānus after that), -ēnus, -īnus, -ūnus
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-nás (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Albanian: *-njā
  • Albanian: -një

See also

• *-lós
• *-rós
• *-wós
• *-sneh₂