Reconstruction:Latin/cumbo

This Latin entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *kumbō, from a nasal infix present *ḱu-né-b-ti, *ḱu-m-b-énti of Proto-Indo-European *ḱewb- (“to lie down”). Cognate with Proto-Italic *kubāō (“to lie down”), as well as Proto-Celtic *kuxsketi (“to sleep”).^[1]

Attested only in prefixed verbs.

Verb

*cumbō (present infinitive *cumbere, perfect active *cubuī, supine *cubitum); third conjugation

to lie down, recline

Conjugation

Conjugation of *cumbō (third conjugation)

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	*cumbō	*cumbis		*cumbit	*cumbimus	*cumbitis		*cumbunt
	imperfect	*cumbēbam	*cumbēbās		*cumbēbat	*cumbēbāmus	*cumbēbātis		*cumbēbant
	future	*cumbam	*cumbēs		*cumbet	*cumbēmus	*cumbētis		*cumbent
	perfect	*cubuī	*cubuistī		*cubuit	*cubuimus	*cubuistis		cubuērunt, cubuēre
	pluperfect	*cubueram	*cubuerās		*cubuerat	*cubuerāmus	*cubuerātis		*cubuerant
	future perfect	*cubuerō	*cubueris		*cubuerit	*cubuerimus	*cubueritis		*cubuerint
passive	present	*cumbor	cumberis, cumbere		*cumbitur	*cumbimur	*cumbiminī		*cumbuntur
	imperfect	*cumbēbar	cumbēbāris, cumbēbāre		*cumbēbātur	*cumbēbāmur	*cumbēbāminī		*cumbēbantur
	future	*cumbar	cumbēris, cumbēre		*cumbētur	*cumbēmur	*cumbēminī		*cumbentur
	perfect	cubitus + present active indicative of sum*
	pluperfect	cubitus + imperfect active indicative of sum*
	future perfect	cubitus + future active indicative of sum*
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	*cumbam	*cumbās		*cumbat	*cumbāmus	*cumbātis		*cumbant
	imperfect	*cumberem	*cumberēs		*cumberet	*cumberēmus	*cumberētis		*cumberent
	perfect	*cubuerim	*cubuerīs		*cubuerit	*cubuerīmus	*cubuerītis		*cubuerint
	pluperfect	*cubuissem	*cubuissēs		*cubuisset	*cubuissēmus	*cubuissētis		*cubuissent
passive	present	*cumbar	cumbāris, cumbāre		*cumbātur	*cumbāmur	*cumbāminī		*cumbantur
	imperfect	*cumberer	cumberēris, cumberēre		*cumberētur	*cumberēmur	*cumberēminī		*cumberentur
	perfect	cubitus + present active subjunctive of sum*
	pluperfect	cubitus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum*
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	*cumbe		—	—	*cumbite		—
active	future	—	*cumbitō		*cumbitō	—	*cumbitōte		*cumbuntō
passive	present	—	*cumbere		—	—	*cumbiminī		—
passive	future	—	*cumbitor		*cumbitor	—	—		*cumbuntor
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		*cumbere		*cumbī		*cumbēns		—
future		*cubitūrum esse		*cubitum īrī		*cubitūrus		cumbendus, cumbundus
perfect		*cubuisse		*cubitum esse		—		*cubitus
future perfect		—		*cubitum fore		—		—
perfect potential		*cubitūrum fuisse		—		—		—
verbal nouns		gerund					supine
		genitive	dative		accusative	ablative	accusative		ablative
		*cumbendī	*cumbendō		*cumbendum	*cumbendō	*cubitum		*cubitū

Derived terms

Related terms

cubō

Descendants

→⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌼𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽 (anakumbjan)

References

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “-cumbō, -ere; cubō, -āre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 152

[1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “-cumbō, -ere; cubō, -āre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 152

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