-inn
Icelandic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From hinn (“the”).
Suffix
[edit]-inn m (feminine -in, neuter -ið)
- marks definiteness of a noun; the
- Maðurinn er hávaxinn. ― The man is tall.
- Ég elska barnið mitt. ― I love my child.
- Hvar er hesturinn minn? ― Where is my horse?
Irish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- -ainn (broad form)
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-inn
- synthetic first person singular past habitual tense ending in the first conjugation
- synthetic first person singular past subjunctive ending in the first conjugation
Related terms
[edit]Old Norse
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Norse *-īna-, from Proto-Germanic *-īnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos. Originally, this suffix was used to create adjectives that refer to materials, such as Old Norse eikinn (“oaken”), from eik (“oak”) and gullinn (“golden”), from gull (“gold”). Later, use of this suffix was extended to create adjectives from verbs, such as Old Norse lyginn (“prone to lying”), from ljúga (“to lie”).[1]
Suffix
[edit]-inn m (feminine -in, neuter -it)
- Used to create adjectives from nouns, meaning "made from"
- Used to create adjectives from verbs, meaning "prone to"
Declension
[edit]Note that the positive degree strong masculine accusative singular is -inn, and not the would-be expected form *-nan.
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -nastr | -nust | -nast |
| accusative | -nastan | -nasta | -nast |
| dative | -nustum | -nastri | -nustu |
| genitive | -nasts | -nastrar | -nasts |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | -nastir | -nastar | -nust |
| accusative | -nasta | -nastar | -nust |
| dative | -nustum | -nustum | -nustum |
| genitive | -nastra | -nastra | -nastra |
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -nasti | -nasta | -nasta |
| accusative | -nasta | -nustu | -nasta |
| dative | -nasta | -nustu | -nasta |
| genitive | -nasta | -nustu | -nasta |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | -nustu | -nustu | -nustu |
| accusative | -nustu | -nustu | -nustu |
| dative | -nustum | -nustum | -nustum |
| genitive | -nustu | -nustu | -nustu |
Derived terms
[edit]When used, it often causes i-umlaut.
Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Norse -ᛁᚾᚨᛉ (-inaʀ) (cf. ᚺᚨᛁᛏᛁᚾᚨᛉ (haitinaʀ) and ᛊᛚᚨᚷᛁᚾᚨᛉ (slaginaʀ), ancestors of heitinn and sleginn), from Proto-Germanic *-anaz, the ending of all past participles of strong verbs. The ending also results in a-mutation, except before a nasal consonant. It itself came from Proto-Indo-European *-nós.
Suffix
[edit]-inn m (feminine -in, neuter -it)
- Denotes the past participle form of a strong verb.
Declension
[edit]Note that the masculine accusative singular is -inn, and not the would-be expected form *-nan.
Derived terms
[edit]- aukinn
- ausinn
- bitinn
- blandinn
- blásinn
- blótinn
- borginn
- borinn
- brotinn
- brugðinn
- bundinn
- búinn
- drukkinn
- dáinn
- faldinn
- fallinn
- farinn
- fenginn
- folginn
- frørinn
- fundinn
- gefinn
- genginn
- grátinn
- haldinn
- hanginn
- hlaupinn
- hǫggvinn
- kominn
- kropinn
- leginn
- leikinn
- loginn
- loðinn
- numinn
- ofinn
- orpinn
- orðinn
- ráðinn
- skorinn
- sofinn
- soginn
- soltinn
- spunninn
- staðinn
- stunginn
- sunginn
- sénn
- tekinn
- troðinn
- undinn
- unninn
- þeginn
- þorrinn
- þrunginn
Descendants
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]Suffixed form of inn (definite article), hinn, from Proto-Norse *ᚺᛁᚾᚨᛉ (*hinaʀ).
Alternative forms
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-inn m (feminine -in, neuter -it)
- the (definite article)
Usage notes
[edit]The definite suffix is added to a noun to make it definite, but this is not nearly as common as English the, and is never done in the earliest texts, including most poetry, legal texts and runic inscriptions. There are four rules for how to apply the definite suffix to a given noun.
- There must be agreement between the suffix and the noun, in gender, case and number.
- The suffixed article will lose its -i- after the short closing vowels -a, -i, and -u. Note that, usually, contraction will happens also after a long closing vowel, but not if it leaves the word monosyllabic.
- In the plural, the suffixed article will lose its -i- after -r.
- In the dative plural, the suffixed article will lose its -i-, and the noun will lose its final -m.
Declension
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Ragnvald Iversen, Norrøn grammatikk, sjette rev. utg. 1961; p. 208
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic suffixes
- Icelandic masculine suffixes
- Icelandic terms with usage examples
- Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Irish lemmas
- Irish suffixes
- Irish inflectional suffixes
- Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Norse
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Norse
- Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Norse lemmas
- Old Norse suffixes
- Old Norse masculine suffixes