鹽

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See also: 盐, and 盬
鹽 U+9E7D, 鹽
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9E7D
← 鹼
[U+9E7C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 鹾 →
[U+9E7E]

Translingual

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Traditional 鹽
Shinjitai 塩
Simplified 盐

Han character

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鹽 (Kangxi radical 197, 鹵+13, 24 strokes, cangjie input 尸田月廿 (SWBT), four-corner 78107, composition ⿱⿰臣⿱𠂉鹵皿)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1508, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47579
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2036, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2574, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9E7D

Chinese

[edit]
trad. 鹽
simp. 盐
alternative forms
䀋
𪉹
𪉩
塩
𥂁
䀋
𪉹
𪉩
塩
𥂁
𪉟
 

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 鹽
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (監) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
藍 *ɡ·raːm
襤 *ɡ·raːm
籃 *ɡ·raːm
懢 *ɡ·raːm, *ɡ·raːms
儖 *ɡ·raːm
蘫 *ɡ·raːm, *qʰlaːms
攬 *ɡ·raːmʔ
欖 *ɡ·raːmʔ
覽 *ɡ·raːmʔ
爁 *ɡ·raːmʔ, *ɡ·raːms, *ɡ·rams
擥 *ɡ·raːmʔ
灠 *ɡ·raːmʔ
濫 *ɡ·raːms, *ɡraːmʔ
嚂 *ɡ·raːms, *kʰlaːms, *qʰlaːmʔ
纜 *ɡ·raːms
監 *kraːm, *kraːms
礛 *kraːm
鑑 *kraːm, *kraːms, *kraːms
艦 *ɡraːmʔ
檻 *ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms
壏 *ɡraːmʔ
轞 *ɡraːmʔ
鹽 *ɡ·lam, *ɡ·lams

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·lam, *ɡ·lams) : phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms) + semantic 鹵 (“salt”).

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-rjum (“salt”). The Min forms point to a fricative initial in Proto-Min *ziem (“a white encrustation formed from saltwater or brine”).

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • sièng - vernacular;
  • ièng - literary.
Note:
  • iâm - literary (“salt”);
  • sîⁿ - vernacular (“pickled food product; efflorescence”).
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 鹽
Mandarin Beijing /ian³⁵/
Harbin /ian²⁴/
Tianjin /ian⁴⁵/
Jinan /iã⁴²/
Qingdao /iã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ian⁴²/
Xi'an /iã²⁴/
Xining /iã²⁴/
Yinchuan /ian⁵³/
Lanzhou /iɛ̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /ian⁵¹/
Wuhan /iɛn²¹³/
Chengdu /ian³¹/
Guiyang /ian²¹/
Kunming /iɛ̃³¹/
Nanjing /ien²⁴/
Hefei /iĩ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ie¹¹/
Pingyao /ie̞¹³/
Hohhot /ie³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɦi²³/
Suzhou /ɦiɪ¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦiẽ̞²¹³/
Wenzhou /ji³¹/
Hui Shexian /ie⁴⁴/
Tunxi /iɛ⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /iẽ¹³/
Xiangtan /iẽ¹²/
Gan Nanchang /iɛn⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /iam¹¹/
Taoyuan /ʒɑm¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jim²¹/
Nanning /jim²¹/
Hong Kong /jim²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /iam³⁵/
/sĩ³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /sieŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /iŋ³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /iam⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /iam³¹/
Rime
Character 鹽
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 鹽 (153)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 余廉切
Baxter yem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/jiᴇm/
Pan
Wuyun 		/jiɛm/
Shao
Rongfen 		/jæm/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/jiam/
Li
Rong 		/iɛm/
Wang
Li 		/jĭɛm/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/i̯ɛm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jim4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 鹽
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yán
Middle
Chinese 		‹ yem ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɢr][o]m/
English salt (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 鹽
Reading # 1/2
No. 6116
Phonetic
component 		監
Rime
group 		談
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		鹽
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡ·lam/

Definitions

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鹽

  1. salt; salty substance, especially table salt
    鹽放多了。／盐放多了。  ―  Yán fàng duō le.  ―  Too much salt is added.
  2. (chemistry) salt
  3. (Southern Min) food product pickled with salt
  4. (Southern Min) sweat stain; salt efflorescence
  5. (cryptography) salt
    沒有加鹽的密碼容易被破解。 [MSC, trad.]
    没有加盐的密码容易被破解。 [MSC, simp.]
    Méiyǒu jiāyán de mìmǎ róngyì bèi pòjiě. [Pinyin]
    Passwords that are not salted are easily cracked.
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 鹽 (“(table) salt”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 鹽, 食鹽
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 鹽
Taiwan 鹽巴, 鹽
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 鹽
Harbin 鹹鹽, 鹽
Singapore 鹽
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 鹹鹽, 鹽
Jinan 鹹鹽, 鹽
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 鹹鹽
Qingdao 鹹鹽
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 鹽
Wanrong 鹽
Zhengzhou 鹽
Xi'an 鹽
Xining 鹽
Xuzhou 鹽
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 鹽
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 鹽
Bayanhot 鹹鹽, 鹽
Lanzhou 鹽
Ürümqi 鹹鹽
Ürümqi (Xigou) 鹽, 鹹鹽
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 鹽巴, 鹽
Wuhan 鹽
Guiyang 鹽巴, 落水消 jargon
Kunming 鹽巴
Guilin 鹽
Liuzhou 鹽
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 鹽
Yangzhou 鹽
Hefei 鹽
Cantonese Guangzhou 鹽, 上味
Hong Kong 鹽
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 鹽, 海沙
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 鹽
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 鹽
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 鹽
Macau 鹽
Guangzhou (Panyu) 鹽
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 鹽
Guangzhou (Conghua) 鹽
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 鹽
Foshan 鹽
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 鹽
Foshan (Shunde) 鹽
Foshan (Sanshui) 鹽
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 鹽
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 鹽
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 鹽
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 上味
Zhuhai (Doumen) 上味
Jiangmen (Baisha) 鹽
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 上味
Taishan 上味
Kaiping (Chikan) 上味
Enping (Niujiang) 上味
Heshan (Yayao) 鹽
Dongguan 鹽
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 鹽
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 鹽
Qingyuan 鹽
Fogang 鹽
Yingde (Hanguang) 生鹽
Yangshan 鹽
Lianshan (Butian) 鹽
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 鹽
Shaoguan 鹽
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 鹽
Renhua 鹽
Lechang 鹽
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 鹽
Sihui 鹽
Guangning 鹽
Deqing 鹽
Huaiji 鹽
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 鹽
Yunfu 鹽
Xinxing 鹽
Luoding 鹽
Yunan (Pingtai) 鹽
Yangjiang 鹽, 鹹
Xinyi 鹽
Lianjiang 鹽
Nanning 鹽
Nanning (Tanka) 鹽
Wuzhou 鹽
Yulin 鹽
Hepu (Lianzhou) 鹽
Hepu (Shatian) 鹽
Qinzhou 鹽
Qinzhou (Changtan) 鹽
Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) 鹽
Beihai 鹽
Beihai (Nankang) 鹽
Beihai (Yingpan) 鹽
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 鹽
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 鹽
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 鹽
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 鹽
Singapore (Guangfu) 鹽
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 鹽
Móng Cái 鹽
Yangon (Taishan) 上味
Mandalay (Taishan) 鹽
Gan Nanchang 鹽
Lichuan 鹽
Pingxiang 鹽
Hakka Meixian 鹽
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 鹽
Dongguan (Qingxi) 鹽
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 鹽
Zengcheng (Zhengguo) 鹽
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 鹽
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 鹽
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 鹽
Yudu 鹽
Taoyuan 鹽
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 鹽
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 鹽
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 鹽
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 鹽
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 鹽
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 鹽
Hong Kong 鹽
Luchuan (Daqiao) 鹽
Senai (Huiyang) 鹽
Singkawang 鹽
Huizhou Jixi 鹽
Shexian 鹹鹽, 海沙
Huangshan (Tunxi) 鹽
Jin Taiyuan 鹹鹽, 鹽
Pingyao 鹹鹽, 鹽
Xinzhou 鹹鹽, 鹽
Linhe 鹹鹽
Hohhot 鹹鹽
Northern Min Jian'ou 鹽
Jian'ou (Dikou) 鹽
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 鹽
Pucheng (Shibei) 鹽
Eastern Min Fuzhou 鹽
Fuqing 鹽
Matsu 鹽
Southern Min Xiamen 鹽
Quanzhou 鹽
Zhangzhou 鹽
Taipei 鹽
New Taipei (Sanxia) 鹽
Kinmen 鹽
Penghu (Magong) 鹽
Penang (Hokkien) 鹽
Singapore (Hokkien) 鹽
Manila (Hokkien) 鹽
Zhangping 鹽
Zhangping (Yongfu) 鹽
Pingnan (Shangdu) 鹽
Chaozhou 鹽
Shantou 鹽
Shantou (Chaoyang) 鹽
Bangkok (Teochew) 鹽
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 鹽
Singapore (Teochew) 鹽
Haikou 鹽
Puxian Min Putian 鹽
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 鹽
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 鹽
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 鹽
Xianyou 鹽
Xianyou (Fengting) 鹽
Xianyou (Youyang) 鹽
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 鹽
Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 鹽
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 鹽
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 鹽
Shehua Fu'an 鹽
Fuding 鹽
Luoyuan 鹽
Sanming 鹽
Shunchang 鹽
Hua'an 鹽
Guixi (Zhangping) 鹽
Cangnan 鹽
Jingning (Hexi) 鹽
Lishui 鹽
Longyou 鹽
Chaozhou 鹽
Fengshun 鹽
Wu Shanghai 鹽
Shanghai (Chongming) 鹽
Suzhou 鹽
Wuxi 鹽
Danyang 鹽
Hangzhou 鹽
Ningbo 鹽
Wenzhou 鹽
Jinhua 鹽
Xiang Changsha 鹽
Xiangtan 鹽
Xiangtan County (Cha'ensi) 鹽
Xiangxiang 鹽
Loudi 鹽
Shuangfeng 鹽
Hengyang 鹽
Quanzhou 鹽

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (鹽):
  • → Japanese: 塩(えん) (en)
  • → Korean: 염(鹽) (yeom)
  • → Vietnamese: diêm (鹽)

Pronunciation 2

[edit]
trad. 鹽
simp. 盐
alternative forms 醃／腌 (Wu)
Note:
  • sīⁿ - vernacular (usually substituted by 豉);
  • iām - literary.
Rime
Character 鹽
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 鹽 (153)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 以贍切
Baxter yemH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/jiᴇmH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/jiɛmH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/jæmH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/jiamH/
Li
Rong 		/iɛmH/
Wang
Li 		/jĭɛmH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/i̯ɛmH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jim6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 鹽
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yàn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ yemH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɢr][o]m-s/
English salt (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 鹽
Reading # 2/2
No. 6117
Phonetic
component 		監
Rime
group 		談
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		豔
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡ·lams/

Definitions

[edit]

鹽

  1. (Classical, Min or Wu) to salt; to lay in brine; to pickle; to marinate
  2. (Eastern Min) to devote oneself to; to invest
  3. (Southern Min, of a wound) irritated; painful (from salt or medication)
  4. (Ningbonese, of one's body) to be drenched in sweat
  5. (Ningbonese) to apply soap to; to dab or cover with soap
  6. † Alternative form of 豔／艳 (yàn, “to envy”)

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai

塩

Kyūjitai

鹽

Kanji

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鹽

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 塩)

  1. kyūjitai form of 塩 (“salt”)

Readings

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Korean

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Hanja

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鹽 (eumhun 소금 염 (sogeum yeom))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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鹽: Hán Nôm readings: diêm[1][2], diễm

  1. (in compounds) salt

Derived terms

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Trần (1999).
  2. ^ Trần (2004).
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