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鷹

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 鹰
鷹 U+9DF9, 鷹
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9DF9
← 鷸
[U+9DF8] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 鷺 →
[U+9DFA]

Translingual

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Han character

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鷹 (Kangxi radical 196, 鳥+13, 24 strokes, cangjie input 戈土竹日火 (IGHAF), four-corner 00227, composition ⿸䧹鳥)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1501, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47377
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2031, character 26
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4666, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+9DF9

Chinese

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trad. 鷹
simp. 鹰
2nd round simp. ⿰应鸟
alternative forms 䧹

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (鷹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
應 *qɯŋ, *qɯŋs
鷹 *qɯŋ
膺 *qɯŋ
譍 *qɯŋs
噟 *qɯŋs

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯŋ) : phonetic 䧹 (OC *qɯŋ, “eagle; hawk”) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”).

Etymology

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This word is possibly related to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-la(ŋ/k) (“bird of prey”), which is likely a loan from Proto-Mon-Khmer *laŋ ~ *laaŋ ~ *laiŋ (“large raptor”) > Proto-Bahnaric *klaːŋ (“hawk”), Proto-Palaungic *klaːŋ (“kite”), Mon လနေၚ် (“kite”), Khmer ខ្លែង (khlaeng, “kite”); within Tibeto-Burman, compare Tibetan གླག (glag, “eagle; vulture”), Burmese လင်းတ (lang:ta., “vulture”), Jingpho lang (“bird of the falcon family”) (Benedict, 1972; STEDT).

This word agrees better with Tibetan སྐྱིང་སེར (skying ser, “eagle; vulture”) if the Old Chinese is reconstructed as *s-ki̯əŋ (Benedict, 1990; Schuessler, 2007); Benedict (1976) reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-kiŋ for this, which Benedict (1990) suggests is the native Sino-Tibetan root.

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 鷹
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 蒸 (133)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 於陵切
Baxter 'ing
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔɨŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔɨŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔieŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔiŋ/
Li
Rong 		/ʔiəŋ/
Wang
Li 		/ĭəŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʔi̯əŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yīng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jing1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 鷹
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yīng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔing ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[q](r)əŋ/
English eagle, falcon

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 鷹
Reading # 1/1
No. 15347
Phonetic
component 		鷹
Rime
group 		蒸
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		膺
Old
Chinese 		/*qɯŋ/
Notes 說文正體從隹瘖省聲，
此爲籀文

Definitions

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鷹

  1. bird of prey of Accipitriformes (eagles, hawks, kites, vultures), Falconiformes (falcons), or Strigiformes (owls)
    禿鷹／秃鹰  ―  tūyīng  ―  vulture
    雀鷹／雀鹰  ―  quèyīng  ―  sparrowhawk
    貓頭鷹／猫头鹰  ―  māotóuyīng  ―  owl

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 老鷹 (“eagle; hawk”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 老鷹
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 老鷹, 鷂鷹, 老鷂鷹
Taiwan 老鷹
Harbin 老鷹
Shenyang 老鷂鷹
Singapore 老鷹
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 老鷹, 老鵰
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 老老鵰, 老鵰
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 惡老鵰, 二老鵰
Wanrong 滴溜溜
Wanrong (Ronghe) 餓鷯子
Zhengzhou 老鷹
Xi'an 老鷹, 餓老子
Yanchi 老鷹
Guyuan 窩落鴇
Longde 落力鴇
Jingyuan 鷹
Xuzhou 老鷹, 鷹
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 老鷹
Wuzhong 花鴇
Zhongwei 花鴇
Ürümqi 老鷹
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 老鷹, 老鷹兒
Wuhan 老鷹, 鷂子
Guiyang 麻老鷹, 老鷹
Kunming 餓老鷹
Liuzhou 巖鷹, 老鷹
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 老鷹
Yangzhou 癩鷹, 老鷹
Hefei 老鷹
Mandarin Fuzhou (Qinjiang, Changle) 窩老鷹
Cantonese Guangzhou 麻鷹, 崖鷹
Hong Kong 麻鷹
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 牙鷹, 崖婆
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 麻鷹, 崖鷹
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 崖婆
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 麻鷹
Macau 麻鷹
Guangzhou (Panyu) 麻鷹
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 麻鷹
Guangzhou (Conghua) 崖 large, 鷹 small
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 崖鷹
Foshan 牙鷹
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 麻鷹
Foshan (Shunde) 鷂鷹
Foshan (Sanshui) 牙鷹
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 牙鷹
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 牙鷹
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 牙鷹
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 牙鷹
Zhuhai (Doumen) 牙鷹
Jiangmen (Baisha) 牙鷹
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 牙鷹
Taishan 牛鷹
Kaiping (Chikan) 牛鷹
Enping (Niujiang) 牙鷹
Heshan (Yayao) 牙鷹
Dongguan 牙鷹
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 牙鷹
Qingyuan 牙鷹
Fogang 麻鷹, 崖婆
Yingde (Hanguang) 牙鷹
Yangshan 大鷂
Lianshan (Butian) 大⿰厓鳥
Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) 牙鷹
Shaoguan 麻鷹
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 牙鷹
Renhua 崖婆
Lechang 牙鷹
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 崖鷹
Sihui 牙鷹
Guangning 大鷂
Deqing 鷹, 牙鷹
Huaiji 大鷂
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 牙鷹
Yunfu 大牙鷹
Xinxing 老鷂
Luoding 牙鷹
Yunan (Pingtai) 大𪺾
Yangjiang 崖鷹
Xinyi 艾婆
Lianjiang 牙鷹婆
Nanning 牙鷹
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 老鷹
Gan Nanchang 鷂鷹, 磨鷹
Lichuan 老鷹
Pingxiang 崖鷹
Hakka Meixian 鷂婆
Xingning 崖鷹, 鷂婆, 麻鷹, 牙鷹
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 崖鷹
Huidong (Daling) 鷂婆
Dongguan (Qingxi) 鷂婆
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 鷂婆
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 鷂婆
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 鷂婆
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 鷂婆
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 鷂婆
Changting 崖婆
Wuping (Pingyu) 鷂嫲
Liancheng 鷹婆
Ninghua 崖婆
Yudu 崖鷹
Ruijin 老崖
Shicheng 崖婆
Shangyou (Shexi) 崖婆
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 鷂婆
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 鷂婆
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 鷂婆
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 鷂婆
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 鷂婆
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 鷂婆
Hong Kong 鷂婆, 牙鷹
Sabah (Longchuan) 鷂婆
Senai (Huiyang) 鷂婆
Senai (Hepo) 老鷹
Singkawang 鷂婆
Huizhou Jixi 冒鷹
Jin Taiyuan 惡老痴, 餓老鵰, 彪鷂
Xinzhou 大簸箕
Northern Min Jian'ou 偷雞鷂, 鷂
Eastern Min Fuzhou 老鷂
Fuqing 老鷂
Southern Min Xiamen 覓鶚
Quanzhou 覓鶚
Jinjiang 覓鶚
Yongchun 鶚婆
Zhangzhou 覓鶚
Taipei 覓鶚
New Taipei (Sanxia) 覓鶚
Kaohsiung 覓鶚
Yilan 覓鶚
Changhua (Lukang) 覓鶚
Taichung 覓鶚
Taichung (Wuqi) 覓鶚
Tainan 覓鶚
Taitung 鷹仔
Hsinchu 鷹仔虎, 覓鶚, 鳶
Kinmen 覓雞鷹, 覓鶚
Penghu (Magong) 覓鶚, 鷹
Penang (Hokkien) 鷹, 老鷹
Singapore (Hokkien) 鷹, 老鷹, 覓鶚
Zhangping (Yongfu) 鶚
Datian 𪺾婆
Pingnan (Shangdu) 老鷹
Chaozhou 老鷹婆
Shantou 老鷹婆
Shantou (Chenghai) 老鷹婆
Jieyang 老鷹婆
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 老鷹
Leizhou 鷹婆, 鐵鷹鳥
Haikou 貓鷹
Puxian Min Putian 老鷂
Xianyou 老鷂
Fuding (Aoyao) 老鷂
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 牙鷹
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 老鷹, 蒙鷹
Wu Shanghai 老鷹
Shanghai (Chongming) 老鷹
Suzhou 老鷹
Danyang 老鷹
Hangzhou 餓老鷹
Ningbo 老鷹
Wenzhou 鵰鷹
Jinhua 老鷹
Xiang Changsha 鷹婆子, 鷹婆, 老鷹, 崖鷹, 鷂子
Xiangtan 崖鷹
Shuangfeng 崖鷹, 鷂子

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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鷹

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

  1. eagle
  2. falcon
  3. hawk

Readings

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  • Go-on: おう (ō)
  • Kan-on: よう (yō)
  • Kun: たか (taka, 鷹)、くち (kuchi, 鷹)

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
鷹
たか
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

From Old Japanese.[1] Compare Ainu タカ (taka, “hawk”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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鷹(たか) or 鷹(タカ) • (taka) 

  1. a hawk (predatory bird)

Usage notes

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  • As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as タカ.

Derived terms

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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
鷹
くち
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 鷹 – see the following entry.
【くち】
[noun] 鷹: (obsolete) hawk
(This term, 鷹, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

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  1. ^ Frellesvig, Bjarke, Stephen Wright Horn, et al. (eds.) (2023) “Old Japanese taka”, in Oxford-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese‎[1]
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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鷹 (eumhun 매 응 (mae eung))

  1. hawk; falcon (esp. the peregrine or gyrfalcon)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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Readings

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鷹: Hán Việt readings: ưng
鷹: Nôm readings: ưng

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