馮

See also: 冯

馮 U+99AE, 馮 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-99AE ← 馭 [U+99AD] CJK Unified Ideographs 馯 → [U+99AF]

Translingual

Han character

馮 (Kangxi radical 187, 馬+2, 12 strokes, cangjie input 戈一尸手火 (IMSQF), four-corner 3112₇, composition ⿰冫馬)

Derived characters

• 𪅯, 凴, 憑, 㵗, 𠘔, 𥂳, 𨝭

Related characters

• 冯 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1433, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44579
• Dae Jaweon: page 1958, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4540, character 3
• Unihan data for U+99AE

Chinese

trad.		馮
simp.		冯

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 馮
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (仌) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
冫	*prɯŋ
冰	*pŋrɯŋ, *ŋrɯŋ
砅	*pʰrɯŋ, *rads
馮	*brɯŋ, *bɯŋ
憑	*bɯŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *brɯŋ, *bɯŋ) : phonetic 仌 (OC *pŋrɯŋ, *ŋrɯŋ) + semantic 馬 (“horse”).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Féng (Feng²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄥˊ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): fung⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): fuung³

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): phùng

  (Hailu, HRS): pung

  (Meixian, Guangdong): pung²

• Northern Min (KCR): bǒ̤ng
• Eastern Min (BUC): hùng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): horng²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): pâng / hông

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bang⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶von

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Féng
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Fóng
    • Wade–Giles: Fêng²
    • Yale: Féng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Ferng
    • Palladius: Фэн (Fɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɤŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: fung⁴
    • Yale: fùhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fung⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: fung⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fʊŋ²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: fuung³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɵŋ²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phùng
    • Hakka Romanization System: pung^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: pung²
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰuŋ¹¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: pung
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰuŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: pung²
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰʊŋ¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bǒ̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɔŋ²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hùng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huŋ⁵³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: horng²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɒŋ¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pâng
    • Tâi-lô: pâng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: paang
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /paŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /paŋ²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /paŋ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông
    • Tâi-lô: hông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoong
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /hɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ¹³/

Note:

• pâng - vernacular (incl. surname);
• hông - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: bang⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pâng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /paŋ⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶von
    • MiniDict: von^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³von
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /voŋ²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: bjuwng

Rime
Character	馮
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	房戎切
Baxter	bjuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/biuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/biuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buwŋ/
Li Rong	/biuŋ/
Wang Li	/bĭuŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱi̯uŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	féng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fung4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[Cə.b]əŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*bɯŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	馮
Reading #	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	píng
Middle Chinese	‹ bjuwng ›
Old Chinese	/*[Cə.b]əŋ/
English	Féng (surname)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	馮
Reading #	2/2
No.	861
Phonetic component	仌
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	馮
Old Chinese	/*bɯŋ/

Definitions

馮

1. a place near modern Luoyang
2. a surname

   馮國璋／冯国璋  ―  Féng Guózhāng  ―  Feng Guozhang (Chinese general and politician in early republican China)

3. A respelling of the German patronymic von

   馮德萊恩／冯德莱恩  ―  Féng Délái'ēn  ―  von der Leyen (German politician)

   馮布劳恩／冯布劳恩  ―  Féng Bùláo'ēn  ―  von Braun (German-American aerospace engineer)

Descendants

• → English: Feng, Fung, Fong, Foong, Pang
  • → Tagalog: Fung
• → Vietnamese: Phùng, 馮
  • → English: Phung
  • → French: Phung
  • → Indonesian: Phung
• → Indonesian: Fung, Phung

Compounds

• 再作馮婦／再作冯妇 (zàizuòféngfù)
• 又作馮婦／又作冯妇
• 重作馮婦／重作冯妇
• 馮·卡門／冯·卡门 (Féng Kǎmén)
• 馮唐易老／冯唐易老
• 馮坪／冯坪 (Féngpíng)
• 馮婦／冯妇

 

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): píng (ping²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄧㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): pang⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: píng
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: píng
    • Wade–Giles: pʻing²
    • Yale: píng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pyng
    • Palladius: пин (pin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰiŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: pang⁴
    • Yale: pàhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: pang⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: peng⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɐŋ²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: bing

Rime
Character	馮
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	扶冰切
Baxter	bing
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/bɨŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/bieŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/biŋ/
Li Rong	/biəŋ/
Wang Li	/bĭəŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱi̯əŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	píng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ping4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]rəŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*brɯŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	馮	馮
Reading #	1/3	2/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	píng	píng
Middle Chinese	‹ bing ›	‹ bing ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]rəŋ/	/*[b]rəŋ/
English	full, solid	lean on
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	馮
Reading #	1/2
No.	858
Phonetic component	仌
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	凭
Old Chinese	/*brɯŋ/

Definitions

馮

1. (literary) to gallop
2. (literary) (alt. form 淜, 憑／凭) to wade; to cross a river on foot

   暴虎馮河／暴虎冯河  ―  bàohǔfénghé  ―  recklessly courageous

   • 不敢暴虎，不敢馮河。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     不敢暴虎，不敢冯河。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Bùgǎn bàohǔ, bùgǎn pínghé. [Pinyin]

     They dare not without weapons attack a tiger;
     They dare not without a boat cross the He.

3. (literary) full; great
4. (literary) to bully; to humiliate

   • 馮弱犯寡則眚之，賊賢害民則伐之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     冯弱犯寡则眚之，贼贤害民则伐之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Rites of Zhou, circa 3^rd century BCE

     Pínɡ ruò fàn guǎ zé shěng zhī, zéi xián hài mín zé fá zhī. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

5. (literary) to climb; to ascend

   • 馮崑崙以瞰霧兮，隱岷山以清江。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     冯昆仑以瞰雾兮，隐岷山以清江。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Verses of Chu, 4^th century BCE – 2^nd century CE

     Pínɡ Kūnlún yǐ kàn wù xī, yǐn Mínshān yǐ qīng jiāng. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

6. (literary) Alternative form of 憑／凭 (píng, “to lean on”)
7. Used in 馮生／冯生.

Compounds

• 暴虎馮河／暴虎冯河 (bàohǔ-pínghé)
• 馮心／冯心
• 馮河／冯河
• 馮虛／冯虚
• 馮虛御風／冯虚御风
• 馮軾／冯轼

 

References

• “馮”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

馮

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. (proper name character)

Readings

• Go-on: びょう (byō)、ぶ (bu)、ぶう (bū)
• Kan-on: ひょう (hyō)、ほう (hō)
• Kan’yō-on: ふう (fū)
• Kun: たのむ (tanomu, 馮む)、よる (yoru, 馮る)

Korean

Hanja

馮 • (pung) (hangeul 풍, revised pung, McCune–Reischauer p'ung, Yale phung)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

馮: Hán Nôm readings: Phùng

1. a Vietnamese surname