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U+871C, 蜜
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-871C

[U+871B]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+871D]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 142, +8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 十心竹戈 (JPHI), four-corner 30136, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1085, character 36
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 33143
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1553, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2866, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+871C

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
alternative forms 𧖅

Glyph origin

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Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *mliɡ) : phonetic (OC *mriɡ, *mliɡ) + semantic (insect).

Etymology

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Possibly from Tocharian B mit, from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu (honey). Cognate with Tocharian B mit (honey), English mead, Dutch mede (mead) German Met (mead), Swedish mjöd (mead), Sanskrit मधु (madhu, honey), Ancient Greek μέθυ (méthu, wine), Old Church Slavonic медъ (medŭ, honey), Russian мёд (mjod, honey), Polish miód (honey).[1]

Sense “mistress, young girl” is additionally a phono-semantic matching of English miss.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • bhig8 - vernacular;
  • mig8 - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (4)
Final () (48)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter mjit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/miɪt̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/mit̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/mjet̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/mit̚/
Li
Rong
/miĕt̚/
Wang
Li
/mĭĕt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/mi̯ĕt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
mat6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ mjit ›
Old
Chinese
/*mit/
English honey

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 594
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*mliɡ/

Definitions

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  1. honey
      ―  fēng  ―  honey
      ―  fēng  ―  honeybee
  2. resembling honey
      ―  táng  ―  molasses
      ―    ―  colour of honey
  3. beeswax
      ―  zhú  ―  candle
  4. (dialectal Cantonese) bee; honeybee
  5. sweet; honeyed
      ―  tián  ―  sweet, happy
      ―  shuǐtáo  ―  honey peach
    甜言甜言  ―  tiányán  ―  sweet words and honeyed phrases; cajolery
  6. mistress; young girl
      ―  xiǎo  ―  mistress
      ―  guī  ―  female friend (of female)
  7. (Hokkien) to marinate in honey or sugar

Synonyms

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (みつ) (mitsu)
  • Okinawan: (みち) (michi)
  • Korean: 밀(蜜) (mil)
  • Vietnamese: mật ()
  • Old Uyghur: 𐽹𐽶𐽾 (mir)
  • Compounds

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    References

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    1. ^ Alexander Lubotsky (1998) “Tocharian Loan Words in Old Chinese: Chariots, Chariot Gear, and Town Building”, in The Bronze Age and Early Iron Age peoples of Eastern Central Asia, pages 379-390

    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    (Jōyō kanji)

    Readings

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    • Go-on: みつ (mitsu, Jōyō)みち (michi)
    • Kan-on: びつ (bitsu)

    Compounds

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    Etymology 1

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    Kanji in this term
    みつ
    Grade: S
    goon

    /mitɨ//mitʉ//mit͡su/ From Middle Chinese (MC mjit).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    (みつ) (mitsu

    1. honey
    2. nectar
    3. molasses, treacle, syrup
      Synonym: 糖蜜 (tōmitsu)
    4. Short for 蜜砂糖 (mitsuzatō): brown sugar
    Derived terms
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    Affix

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    (みつ) (mitsu

    1. honey, nectar
    2. sweet
    3. Used in Sanskrit transliterations
    Derived terms
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    Etymology 2

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    Kanji in this term
    みち
    Grade: S
    goon

    /mitɨ//mit͡ɕi/

    Alternative reading of mitsu above.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    (みち) (michi

    1. (rare) Same as みつ (mitsu) above
    Usage notes
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    Only used on its own. Not used in compounds.

    References

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    1. 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean

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    Etymology

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    From Middle Chinese (MC mjit). See the hangul entry at (mil, beeswax) for the etymology concerning the “beeswax” sense.

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 미ᇙ〮 (Yale: mílq)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] ᄭᅮᆯ〮 (Yale: skwúl) 밀〮 (Yale: míl)

    Pronunciation

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    • (honey):
    • (beeswax):
      • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [mi(ː)ɭ]
      • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
        • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja

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    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun (kkul mil))

    1. hanja form? of (beeswax) [noun]
    2. hanja form? of (honey) [affix]

    Compounds

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    References

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    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]

    Okinawan

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    Kanji

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    (Jōyō kanji)

    Readings

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    Etymology

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    From Middle Chinese (miɪt̚).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    (みち) (michi

    1. honey

    Vietnamese

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    chữ Hán Nôm in this term

    Han character

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    : Hán Nôm readings: mật

    Noun

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    1. chữ Hán form of mật (honey).