蔡

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蔡 U+8521, 蔡
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8521
← 蔠
[U+8520] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 蔢 →
[U+8522]

Translingual

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Han character

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蔡 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+11, 15 strokes in traditional Chinese, 14 strokes in simplified Chinese, cangjie input 廿月人火 (TBOF), four-corner 44901, composition ⿱艹祭)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1055, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31818
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1517, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3282, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+8521

Chinese

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trad. 蔡
simp. # 蔡
2nd round simp. 𦬁
Wikipedia has an article on:

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 蔡
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Qin slip script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (祭) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蔡 *sʰlaːds
瘵 *ʔsreːds
祭 *ʔsreːds, *ʔsleds
際 *ʔsleds
穄 *ʔsleds
鰶 *ʔsleds
傺 *hr'eds
摖 *sʰleːds
擦 *sʰlaːd
攃 *sʰlaːd, *saːd
礤 *sʰlaːd
察 *sʰreːd
詧 *sʰreːd, *sʰeːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰlaːds) : semantic 艸 (“vegetation”) + phonetic 祭 (OC *ʔsreːds, *ʔsleds).

Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • cua4 - vernacular (including surname);
  • cai4 - literary.
Note:
  • chhòa - vernacular (including surname);
  • chhài - literary.
Note:
  • cua3 - vernacular (inc. surname);
  • cai3 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 蔡
Mandarin Beijing /t͡sʰai⁵¹/
Harbin /t͡sʰai⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡sʰai⁵³/
Jinan /t͡sʰɛ²¹/
Qingdao /t͡sʰɛ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡sʰai³¹²/
Xi'an /t͡sʰai⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡sʰɛ²¹³/
Yinchuan /t͡sʰɛ¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡sʰɛ¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡sʰai²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡sʰai³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡sʰai¹³/
Guiyang /t͡sʰai²¹³/
Kunming /t͡sʰæ²¹²/
Nanjing /t͡sʰae⁴⁴/
Hefei /t͡sʰe̞⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰai⁴⁵/
Pingyao /t͡sʰæ³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡sʰɛ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /t͡sʰe³⁵/
Suzhou /t͡sʰɑ⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /t͡sʰe̞⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡sʰa⁴²/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰɛ³²⁴/
Tunxi /t͡sʰa⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sʰai⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /t͡sʰai⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰai²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰai⁵³/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰɑi⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰɔi³³/
Nanning /t͡sʰɔi³³/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰɔi³³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sʰai²¹/
/t͡sʰua²¹/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sʰɑi²¹²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡sʰuɛ³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sʰua²¹³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /sai³⁵/
/sua³⁵/
Rime
Character 蔡
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 泰 (25)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 倉大切
Baxter tshajH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡sʰɑiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡sʰɑiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡sʰɑiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡sʰajH/
Li
Rong 		/t͡sʰɑiH/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sʰɑiH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡sʰɑiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		cài
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		coi3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 蔡
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		cài
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tshajH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s.r̥ˁat-s/
English (name of a state)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 蔡
Reading # 1/1
No. 5836
Phonetic
component 		祭
Rime
group 		祭
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		蔡
Old
Chinese 		/*sʰlaːds/

Definitions

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蔡

  1. (obsolete) weed
  2. (obsolete) tortoise used for divination
  3. (～國) (historical) Cai (an ancient Chinese state)
  4. a surname
    蔡英文  ―  Cài Yīngwén  ―  Tsai Ing-wen (President of the Republic of China (Taiwan), 2016–present)
    蔡倫／蔡伦  ―  Cài Lún  ―  Cai Lun (inventor of paper)

Compounds

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Descendants

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  • → English: Cai, Tsai, Ts'ai, Choi, Choy, Tsoi, Chua
  • → Tagalog: Chua (via Hokkien)

Japanese

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Kanji

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蔡

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

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  • Go-on: さい (sai)
  • Kan-on: さい (sai)
  • On: さつ (satsu)
  • Kun: くさむら (kusamura, 蔡)、あくた (akuta, 蔡)

References

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Korean

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Hanja

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蔡 (eum 채 (chae))
蔡 (eum 살 (sal))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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蔡: Hán Nôm readings: Thái

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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