碼

See also: 码

碼	U+78BC, 碼 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-78BC

← 碻
[U+78BB]

CJK Unified Ideographs

碽 →
[U+78BD]

Translingual

Han character

碼 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+10, 15 strokes, cangjie input 一口尸手火 (MRSQF), four-corner 1162₇, composition ⿰石馬)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 833, character 33
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24368
Dae Jaweon: page 1251, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2446, character 7
Unihan data for U+78BC

Chinese

trad.		碼
simp.		码

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (馬) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
馬	*mraːʔ
碼	*mraːʔ
罵	mraːʔ, mraːs
鷌	*mraːʔ
鰢	*mraːʔ
瑪	*mraːʔ
榪	*mraːs
傌	*mraːs
禡	*mraːs
媽	*maːʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mraːʔ) : semantic 石 (“stone; rock”) + phonetic 馬 (OC *mraːʔ).

Etymology

Before Qing dynasty, the character was used in word 碼瑙／码瑙 (Yupian) and 碼頭／码头 (mǎtou) (Stories to Awaken the World), both originally written with 馬／马 (mǎ).

“gambling chip”, “chip for counting” (> “number”), “classifier for things”: Appears in Qing dynasty, also originally written with 馬／马 (mǎ). See 馬／马 (mǎ) for more.
“yard”: Used in 《英吉利国舆情记略》 (1834), probably a derivation of "counting chip" sense which is used for translating English yard.
“kilometer per hour”: Probably a corruption of 邁／迈 (mài) (mile > mile per hour > kilometer per hour).
“pixelization”: Short for 馬賽克／马赛克 (mǎsàikè).
“to reply to a post for reading it later”: From English mark.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mǎ (ma³)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄚˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): maa⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mâ
Northern Min (KCR): mǎ
Eastern Min (BUC): mā
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): bé / bée / má / bā

(Teochew, Peng'im): bhê²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mǎ
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄚˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mǎ
  - Wade–Giles: ma³
  - Yale: mǎ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: maa
  - Palladius: ма (ma)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mä²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (碼兒／码儿)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mǎr
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄚˇㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mǎr
  - Wade–Giles: ma³-ʼrh
  - Yale: mǎr
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: maal
  - Palladius: мар (mar)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɑɻ²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: maa⁵
  - Yale: máh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: maa⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: ma⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /maː¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mâ
  - Hakka Romanization System: ma^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ma¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ma²⁴/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mǎ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ma²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: mā
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ma³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bé
  - Tâi-lô: bé
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bea
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /be⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /be⁴¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /be⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bée
  - Tâi-lô: bée
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɛ⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: má
  - Tâi-lô: má
  - Phofsit Daibuun: mar
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /mã⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /mã⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /mã⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bā
  - Tâi-lô: bā
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ba
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ba³³/

Note:

bé/bée - colloquial;
má - literary;
bā - “yard”.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: bhê²
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bé
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /be⁵²/

Middle Chinese: maeX

Rime
Character	碼
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	莫下切
Baxter	maeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mˠa^X/
Pan Wuyun	/mᵚa^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ma^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/maɨ^X/
Li Rong	/ma^X/
Wang Li	/ma^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ma^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mǎ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	maa⁵

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*mraːʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	碼
Reading #	1/1
No.	8716
Phonetic component	馬
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	馬
Old Chinese	/*mraːʔ/
Notes	古作馬

Definitions

碼

Used in 碼瑙／码瑙.
digit; number; code
號碼／号码 ― hàomǎ ― number; code; digit
size name
(Cantonese, of clothing in general) size
yard (unit of length)
(Cantonese) Classifier for hours (of work).
八碼／八码 [Cantonese] ― baat³ maa⁵ [Jyutping] ― eight hours (of work)
- 2009 December 17, 王國興, parliamentary debates‎^[1]:
  
  可是，中低層員工不但待遇差，還要長時間工作，例如保安、清潔等工種，最低限度要做「十二碼」。 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]
  可是，中低层员工不但待遇差，还要长时间工作，例如保安、清洁等工种，最低限度要做「十二码」。 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]
  ho² si⁶, zung¹ dai¹ cang⁴ jyun⁴ gung¹ bat¹ daan⁶ doi⁶ jyu⁶ caa¹, waan⁴ jiu³ coeng⁴ si⁴ gaan³ gung¹ zok³, lai⁶ jyu⁴ bou² on¹, cing¹ git³ dang² gung¹ zung², zeoi³ dai¹ haan⁶ dou⁶ jiu³ zou⁶ “sap⁶ ji⁶ maa⁵”. [Jyutping]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 2014, 凌劍剛, 保安天書‎^[2], 萬里書店, →ISBN, page 113:
  
  保安員一般分為八碼(8 小時)和十二碼(12 小時)兩大類，選定上班時間之後是不會轉班的；主任和主管級一般為九或十小時工作，經理則為八至九小時。 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]
  保安员一般分为八码(8 小时)和十二码(12 小时)两大类，选定上班时间之后是不会转班的；主任和主管级一般为九或十小时工作，经理则为八至九小时。 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]
  bou² on¹ jyun⁴ jat¹ bun¹ fan¹ wai⁴ baat³ maa⁵ (8 siu² si⁴) wo⁴ sap⁶ ji⁶ maa⁵ (12 siu² si⁴) loeng⁵ daai⁶ leoi⁶, syun² ding⁶ soeng⁵ baan¹ si⁴ gaan³ zi¹ hau⁶ si⁶ bat¹ wui⁵ zyun³ baan¹ dik¹; zyu² jam⁶ wo⁴ zyu² gun² kap¹ jat¹ bun¹ wai⁴ gau² waak⁶ sap⁶ siu² si⁴ gung¹ zok³, ging¹ lei⁵ zak¹ wai⁴ baat³ zi³ gau² siu² si⁴. [Jyutping]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 2016 April 30, “勞工及福利局局長就標準工時和低收入在職家庭津貼與傳媒談話內容”, in 新聞公報‎^[3]:
  
  例如一些長工時的所謂「十二碼」保安員，如果有了一個工時標準，那在規限的工時以外便要給予「OT」，即所謂的「補水」，不是每一個僱主都會留下員工作「補水」，如果沒有「補水」並把工時縮短，這些員工的生計便會即時受影響。 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]
  例如一些长工时的所谓「十二码」保安员，如果有了一个工时标准，那在规限的工时以外便要给予「OT」，即所谓的「补水」，不是每一个雇主都会留下员工作「补水」，如果没有「补水」并把工时缩短，这些员工的生计便会即时受影响。 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]
  lai⁶ jyu⁴ jat¹ se¹ coeng⁴ gung¹ si⁴ dik¹ so² wai⁶ “sap⁶ ji⁶ maa⁵” bou² on¹ jyun⁴, jyu⁴ gwo² jau⁵ liu⁵ jat¹ go³ gung¹ si⁴ biu¹ zeon², naa⁵ zoi⁶ kwai¹ haan⁶ dik¹ gung¹ si⁴ ji⁵ ngoi⁶ bin⁶ jiu³ kap¹ jyu⁵ “ou¹ ti¹”, zik¹ so² wai⁶ dik¹ “bou² seoi²”, bat¹ si⁶ mui⁵ jat¹ go³ gu³ zyu² dou¹ wui⁶ lau⁴ haa⁶ jyun⁴ gung¹ zok³ “bou² seoi²”, jyu⁴ gwo² mut⁶ jau⁵ “bou² seoi²” bing⁶ baa² gung¹ si⁴ suk¹ dyun², ze² se¹ jyun⁴ gung¹ dik¹ sang¹ gai³ bin⁶ wui⁵ zik¹ si⁴ sau⁶ jing² hoeng². [Jyutping]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 2018 December 24, “【最低工資】保安爸爸的「12碼」生涯　聖誕加班忙　天倫樂成奢侈”, in 香港01‎^[4]:
  
  訪問當日夜幕低垂，保安員坤哥卻才剛剛下班。雖然剛剛捱完一場「12碼」的他已疲憊不堪，但談到過去時坤哥卻滔滔不絕。 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]
  访问当日夜幕低垂，保安员坤哥却才刚刚下班。虽然刚刚捱完一场「12码」的他已疲惫不堪，但谈到过去时坤哥却滔滔不绝。 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]
  fong² man⁶ dong¹ jat⁶ je⁶ mok⁶ dai¹ seoi⁴, bou² on¹ jyun⁴ kwan¹ go¹ koek³ coi⁴ gong¹ gong¹ haa⁶ baan¹. seoi¹ jin⁴ gong¹ gong¹ ngaai⁴ jyun⁴ jat¹ coeng⁴ “12 maa⁵” dik¹ taa¹ ji⁵ pei⁴ baai⁶ bat¹ ham¹, daan⁶ taam⁴ dou³ gwo³ heoi³ si⁴ kwan¹ go¹ koek³ tou¹ tou¹ bat¹ zyut⁶. [Jyutping]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
(computing) code
源碼／源码 ― yuánmǎ ― source code

二維碼／二维码 ― èrwéimǎ ― QR code

亂碼／乱码 ― luànmǎ ― mojibake
code, encoding of a Chinese character into the Latin alphabet
電碼／电码 ― diànmǎ ― Chinese telegraph code

音碼、形碼／音码、形码 ― yīnmǎ, xíngmǎ ― pronunciation-based IME, shape-based IME

拼音輸入法的重碼率 [MSC, trad.]
拼音输入法的重码率 [MSC, simp.]
pīnyīn shūrùfǎ de chóngmǎlǜ [Pinyin]
rate of code overlap for Pinyin IMEs
Classifier for things, matter.
(colloquial) to pile up
(colloquial, in varieties that don't use 邁) kilometer per hour
(Mainland China, neologism) pixelization
(Mainland China, dated Internet slang) to reply to a post for reading it later
(Mainland China, neologism) to type a document

Synonyms

(pixelization): 馬賽克／马赛克 (mǎsàikè)

Compounds

References

“碼”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[5], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

碼

(Hyōgai kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: め (me)
Kan-on: ば (ba)
Kan’yō-on: ま (ma)
Kun: ヤード (yādo, 碼)、ヤール (yāru, 碼)

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ma̠]
Phonetic hangul: [마]

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

碼

Wikisource

碼 • (ma) (hangeul 마)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

碼: Hán Nôm readings: mã

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.