梅

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See also: 楳, and 槑
梅 U+6885, 梅
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6885
← 梄
[U+6884] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 梆 →
[U+6886]

梅 U+FA44, 梅
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA44
← 暑
[U+FA43] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 海 →
[U+FA45]

梅 U+2F8E2, 梅
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8E2
← 桒
[U+2F8E1] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 𣑭 →
[U+2F8E3]

Translingual

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Commons:Category
Commons:Category
Wikimedia Commons has more media related to: 梅
Japanese 梅
Simplified 梅
Traditional 梅

Alternative forms

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In Chinese, Korean and Vietnamese scripts, the right side component is written 每 (contains 母 with 2 dots). In Japanese shinjitai, the component is simplified to 毎 (contains 毋 with a single middle stroke). Due to Han unification, both characters (梅/梅) are encoded under the same Unicode codepoint. A CJK compatibility ideograph (U+FA44) exists for the kyūjitai form of 梅.

Han character

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梅 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+7 in Chinese, 木+6 in Japanese, 11 strokes in Chinese, 10 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 木人田卜 (DOWY), four-corner 48957, composition ⿰木每(GHTKV) or ⿰木毎(J))

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 528, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14795
  • Dae Jaweon: page 916, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1215, character 13
  • Unihan data for U+6885

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 梅
alternative forms
坆
𣏁
𣐥
楳
𣒫
坆
𣏁
𣐥
楳
𣒫
栂
槑
𤯏
 
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 梅
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (母) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
脢 *mɯːs, *mɯː, *mɯːs
挴 *mlɯːʔ, *mɯːʔ
海 *hmlɯːʔ
毐 *ʔmɯː, *ʔmɯːʔ
呣 *mɯ
拇 *mɯʔ
母 *mɯʔ
胟 *mɯʔ
姆 *mɯʔ, *mɯs, *maːʔ
畮 *mɯʔ
踇 *mɯʔ
苺 *mɯs, *mɯːʔ, *mɯːs
莓 *mɯs, *mɯː, *mɯːs
敏 *mrɯʔ, *mrɯŋʔ
鰵 *mrɯŋʔ
慜 *mrɯŋʔ
毋 *ma
梅 *mɯː
酶 *mɯː
鋂 *mɯː
每 *mɯːʔ
毎 *mɯːs
痗 *mɯːs, *hmɯːs
晦 *hmɯːs
誨 *hmɯːs
悔 *hmɯːʔ, *hmɯːs
霉 *mrɯl

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯː) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 每 (OC *mɯːʔ).

Etymology

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Seemingly related to Old Japanese 梅 (ume2) (Shibatani, 1990; Miyake, 1997; apud Schuessler, 2007) (which was possibly borrowed from Middle Chinese). Its origin is unknown (Schuessler, 2007); its referent, Prunus mume, originated around the Yangtze River,[1] now in south China yet initially outside the Chinese civilization's cradle in the Central Plain.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou:
    • m̂ - vernacular;
    • mûi/bôe - literary.
  • mainstream Taiwan:
    • môe/m̂ - vernacular;
    • mûi - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 梅
Mandarin Beijing /mei³⁵/
Harbin /mei²⁴/
Tianjin /mei⁴⁵/
Jinan /mei⁴²/
Qingdao /me⁴²/
Zhengzhou /mei⁴²/
Xi'an /mei²⁴/
Xining /mɨ²⁴/
Yinchuan /mei⁵³/
Lanzhou /mei⁵³/
Ürümqi /mei⁵¹/
Wuhan /mei²¹³/
Chengdu /mei³¹/
Guiyang /mei²¹/
Kunming /mei³¹/
Nanjing /məi²⁴/
Hefei /me⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /mei¹¹/
Pingyao /mæ¹³/
Hohhot /mei³¹/
Wu Shanghai /me²³/
Suzhou /me̞¹³/
Hangzhou /mei²¹³/
Wenzhou /mai³¹/
Hui Shexian /mɛ⁴⁴/
Tunxi /mə⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /mei¹³/
Xiangtan /məi¹²/
Gan Nanchang /mi⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /moi¹¹/
Taoyuan /moi¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /mui²¹/
Nanning /mui²¹/
Hong Kong /mui²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /mui³⁵/
/m³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /muoi⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /mo³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /bue⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /vue³¹/
Rime
Character 梅
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 灰 (42)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 莫杯切
Baxter mwoj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/muʌi/
Pan
Wuyun 		/muoi/
Shao
Rongfen 		/muɒi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/mwəj/
Li
Rong 		/muᴀi/
Wang
Li 		/muɒi/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/muɑ̆i/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		méi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		mui4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 梅
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		méi
Middle
Chinese 		‹ mwoj ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.mˁə/
English plum tree

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 梅
Reading # 1/1
No. 9302
Phonetic
component 		母
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		枚
Old
Chinese 		/*mɯː/

Definitions

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梅

  1. Prunus mume (Chinese plum or Japanese apricot)
    話梅／话梅  ―  huàméi  ―  li hing mui
    烏梅／乌梅  ―  wūméi  ―  smoked plum
  2. (in compounds) A plant sharing similarities with Prunus mume in habit, flowers or fruits
    蠟梅／蜡梅  ―  làméi  ―  Chimonanthus praecox
    茶梅  ―  cháméi  ―  Camellia sasanqua
    楊梅／杨梅  ―  yángméi  ―  Myrica rubra
    西梅  ―  xīméi  ―  Prunus domestica
  3. (obsolete) Alternative name for 楠 (nán, “Machilus nanmu”).
  4. Short for 梅雨 (méiyǔ).
  5. Short for 梅州 (Méizhōu).
  6. a surname
    梅光達 [Cantonese, trad.]
    梅光达 [Cantonese, simp.]
    mui4 gwong1 daat6 [Jyutping]
    Mei Quong Tart (merchant)
    梅艷芳 [Cantonese, trad.]
    梅艳芳 [Cantonese, simp.]
    mui4 jim6 fong1 [Jyutping]
    Anita Mui (singer)

Descendants

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  • → Malay: boi
Sino-Xenic (梅):

Others:

Compounds

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References

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  1. ^ Uematsu, Chiyomi, Sasakuma, Tetsuo, Ogihara, Yasunari (1991) “Phylogenetic relationships in the stone fruit group of Prunus as revealed by restriction fragment analysis of chloroplast DNA”, in The Japanese Journal of Genetics, volume 66, number 1, →DOI, →PMID, page 60: “P. mume had its origin in South China around the Yangtze River (Kyotani, 1989b).”

Japanese

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Shinjitai 梅
Kyūjitai
[1][2][3][4]
梅
&#xFA44;
or
梅+&#xFE00;?
梅󠄀
梅+&#xE0100;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
梅󠄃
梅+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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梅

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 梅)

Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
梅
うめ
Grade: 4
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
梅 (kyūjitai)
楳
梅 (ume): Japanese plum trees and white plum blossoms of Hirohashi Bairin in Shimoichi, Nara
梅 (ume): a generic plum blossom crest
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

⟨me2⟩ → */mːəɨ/ → *⟨mume2⟩ → ⟨ume2⟩ → */uməɨ/ → /ume/

From Old Japanese.[5][6][7]

Probably ultimately from Middle Chinese 梅 (MC mwoj),[6][7] with the borrowed me reading gaining a pronounced kind of initial m- sound, perhaps realized as *mme. The phonetic spelling was often rendered as むめ (*mme, mume) from the Heian period,[5][7] with *mme/mume and ume apparently existing in free variation. The reading eventually settled on うめ (ume). Compare the similar pattern of phonetic shift for 馬 (ma → *mma → muma → uma, “horse”), likely from Middle Chinese 馬 (MC maeX).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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梅(うめ) or 梅(ウメ) • (ume) 

  1. Japanese plum or apricot, Prunus mume
  2. a white plum blossom, as opposed to 紅梅 (kōbai, “red plum blossom”)
    Synonym: 白梅 (hakubai)
  3. the lowest of a three-level rank system
    Hypernym: 松竹梅
    Coordinate terms: 松, 竹, 梅
  4. a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with varying designs of plum blossoms
  5. Short for 梅襲 (ume-gasane): a style of layering garments with dark crimson over light crimson
  6. (card games) the suit of plum blossoms in 花札 (hanafuda), representing the month of February
    Coordinate terms: 松, 梅, 桜, 藤, 菖蒲, 牡丹, 萩, 芒, 菊, 紅葉, 柳, 桐
  7. (historical, colloquial) Synonym of 天神 (tenjin): the second-highest ranked prostitute in Edo-period Kamigata, below the 大夫 (tayū)
Usage notes
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  • As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ウメ.
Quotations
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For quotations using this term, see Citations:梅.

Derived terms
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Derived terms
Proverbs
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Descendants
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See also
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Proper noun

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梅(うめ) • (Ume) 

  1. a female given name
  2. a surname

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
梅
むめ
Grade: 4
irregular
Alternative spelling
梅 (kyūjitai)

⟨me2⟩ → */mːəɨ/ → *⟨mume2⟩ → /mume/

Possibly from Old Japanese.

This reading becomes common during the Heian period,[5][7] later falling into disuse.

Superseded by the ume reading above.

Noun

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梅(むめ) • (mume) 

  1. (archaic, obsolete) the Japanese plum or apricot, Prunus mume
Quotations
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For quotations using this term, see Citations:梅.

Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • → Translingual: mume

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
梅
ばい
Grade: 4
kan'on
Alternative spelling
梅 (kyūjitai)

From a later borrowing of Middle Chinese 梅 (MC mwoj).

Noun

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梅(ばい) • (bai) 

  1. (usually in Chinese contexts) the Japanese plum or apricot, Prunus mume
  2. (historical, colloquial) Synonym of 天神 (tenjin): the second-highest ranked prostitute in Edo-period Kamigata, below the 大夫 (tayū)

Affix

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梅(ばい) • (bai) 

  1. plum
  2. Short for 梅雨 (baiu): East Asian rainy season
  3. Short for 梅毒 (baidoku): syphilis
Derived terms
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Compounds

Proper noun

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梅(ばい) • (Bai) 

  1. a surname

References

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  1. ^ “梅”, in 漢字ぺディア‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
  2. ^ 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “梅”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎[2] (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
  3. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1133 (paper), page 617 (digital)
  4. ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 685 (paper), page 355 (digital)
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 梅 (MC mwoj). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄆᆡ (moy) (Yale: moy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

梅 (eumhun 매화나무 매 (maehwanamu mae))

  1. hanja form? of 매 (“Prunus mume, a fruit tree”)
  2. hanja form? of 매 (“plum blossom, a blossom of this tree”)
  3. hanja form? of 매 (“a Korean surname”)

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

Old Japanese

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Etymology

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Possibly a shift from Middle Chinese 梅 (MC mwoj).[1][2]

Noun

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梅 (ume2) (kana うめ)

  1. the Japanese plum or apricot, Prunus mume

Usage notes

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  • Also used phonetically as 借音 (shakuon) for ⟨me2⟩.

Quotations

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For quotations using this term, see Citations:梅.

Descendants

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References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Vietnamese

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Han character

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梅: Hán Nôm readings: mai

  1. rattan

Compounds

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  • 梅花 (mai hoa, “red avadavat; red munia; strawberry finch”)
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