匠

匠 U+5320, 匠 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5320 ← 匟 [U+531F] CJK Unified Ideographs 匡 → [U+5321]

Translingual

Han character

匠 (Kangxi radical 22, 匚+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 尸竹一中 (SHML), four-corner 7171₂, composition ⿷匚斤)

Derived characters

• 𰁳, 䞪, 𩣕, 𱑈, 𪀘, 𥱝

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 153, character 22
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2605
• Dae Jaweon: page 345, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 83, character 5
• Unihan data for U+5320

Chinese

simp. and trad.		匠
alternative forms		匞

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 匠
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (匚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
匚	*paŋ
匠	*sbaŋs

Traditionally thought to be an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”) (e.g. Shuowen).

In more recent scholarship (e.g. Zhengzhang, 2003; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), an alternative glyph origin has been proposed, suggesting that it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sbaŋs) : phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”).

Etymology

Several etymologies have been proposed:

• Related to Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”) (Bodman, 1980) or སྤྱང (spyang, “skilful; clever”) (Sagart and Baxter, 2012). These comparisons would require the Old Chinese reconstruction to have a *sb- initial, which is possible if 匚 (OC *paŋ) is considered to be the phonetic component. The Middle Chinese initial would be derived as such: *s.b- > *zb- > *bz- > *dz- (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).
• Schuessler (2007), who reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *dzaŋh, deems it more likely to be from Mon-Khmer, comparing it to Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”) (Schuessler, 2007).
• Jacques (2015) proposes another Sino-Tibetan etymology, comparing it to Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”), which is derived from བཟང (bzang, “good”). Under this hypothesis, it can be derived from 臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”), which has been connected to the Tibetan word. He postulates the derivation to consist of the nominalizing circumfix *k- -s and the applicative prefix *N-, yielding *k-N-tsaŋ-s > *k-dzaŋ-s.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): jiàng (jiang⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄤˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jiang⁴

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zoeng⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): siong

  (Meixian, Guangdong): xiong⁴

• Jin (Wiktionary): jion³
• Northern Min (KCR): tiōng
• Eastern Min (BUC): chióng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhiūⁿ / chhiōⁿ / siūⁿ / chhiǔⁿ / chhiōng / chhiāng / siāng / chiōng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ciên⁷ / cion⁷ / ziang⁶

  (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): qio¹ / jiang⁶

• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zian⁵

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiàng
    • Wade–Giles: chiang⁴
    • Yale: jyàng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jianq
    • Palladius: цзян (czjan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: jiang⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: giang
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zoeng⁶
    • Yale: jeuhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzoeng⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: zêng⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sœːŋ²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siong
    • Hakka Romanization System: xiong
    • Hagfa Pinyim: xiong⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /si̯oŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: xiong⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /siɔŋ⁵³/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: jion³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tiōng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: chióng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Taichung, Hsinchu, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiūⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tshiūnn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chviu
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Yilan): /t͡sʰiũ³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Kinmen): /t͡sʰiũ²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Hui'an): /t͡sʰiũ²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Changtai, Longyan, Tainan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiōⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tshiōnn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chvioi
    • IPA (Tainan): /t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou, Changtai): /t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/
    • IPA (Longyan): /t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangpu)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siūⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: siūnn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sviu
    • IPA (Zhangpu): /siũ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Lukang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiǔⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tshiǔnn
    • IPA (Lukang): /t͡sʰiũ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiōng
    • Tâi-lô: tshiōng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chiong
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Hui'an): /t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Longyan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiāng
    • Tâi-lô: tshiāng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chiang
    • IPA (Longyan): /t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiaŋ²²/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangpu)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siāng
    • Tâi-lô: siāng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siang
    • IPA (Zhangpu): /siaŋ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiōng
    • Tâi-lô: tsiōng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciong
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/

Note:

• chhiūⁿ/chhiōⁿ/siūⁿ - vernacular;
• chhiōng/chhiāng/siāng/chiōng - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: ciên⁷ / cion⁷ / ziang⁶
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshiēⁿ / tshiōⁿ / tsiăng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/, /t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/, /t͡siaŋ³⁵/

Note:

• ciên7/cion7 - vernacular (ciên7 - Chaozhou);
• ziang6 - literary.

• (Leizhou)
  • Leizhou Pinyin: qio¹ / jiang⁶
  • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/, /t͡siaŋ³³/

Note:

• qio1 - vernacular;
• jiang6 - literary.

• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: zian⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /t͡si̯æn²¹/
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: dzjangH

Rime
Character	匠
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	疾亮切
Baxter	dzjangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zɨɐŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ziɐŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ziɑŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zɨaŋH/
Li Rong	/d͡ziaŋH/
Wang Li	/d͡zĭaŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱi̯aŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zoeng6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.baŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sbaŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	匠
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiàng
Middle Chinese	‹ dzjangH ›
Old Chinese	/*s.baŋ-s/
English	craftsman
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	匠
Reading #	1/1
No.	6268
Phonetic component	匚
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	匠
Old Chinese	/*sbaŋs/

Definitions

匠

1. craftsman; artisan; workman
2. master

Compounds

• 一代宗匠
• 丁匠
• 刀匠
• 剃頭匠／剃头匠 (tìtóujiàng)
• 劣匠
• 匠人 (jiàngrén)
• 匠作
• 匠伯
• 匠師／匠师
• 匠心 (jiàngxīn)
• 匠意
• 匠成
• 匠戶／匠户
• 匠氏
• 匠氣／匠气 (jiàngqì)
• 匠石 (jiàngshí)
• 匣匠
• 哲匠
• 大匠
• 大匠不斲
• 字匠
• 宗匠 (zōngjiàng)
• 將作大匠／将作大匠
• 將匠／将匠
• 小爐兒匠／小炉儿匠
• 工匠 (gōngjiàng)
• 巨匠 (jùjiàng)
• 巧匠 (qiǎojiàng)
• 帖匠
• 帽匠
• 弓匠
• 心匠
• 意匠 (yìjiàng)
• 把式匠
• 接骨匠
• 摟包兒匠／搂包儿匠
• 教書匠／教书匠 (jiāoshūjiàng)
• 木匠 (mùjiàng)
• 桶匠
• 梓匠
• 梓匠輪輿／梓匠轮舆
• 棚匠 (péngjiang)
• 機匠／机匠
• 毛毛匠
• 法匠
• 泥水匠 (níshuǐjiàng)
• 油漆匠
• 泥瓦匠 (níwǎjiàng)
• 漆匠
• 理髮匠／理发匠
• 瓦匠 (wǎjiàng)
• 甕子匠／瓮子匠 (wèngzǐjiàng)
• 畫匠／画匠 (huàjiàng)
• 皮匠 (píjiàng)
• 石匠
• 筆匠／笔匠
• 篾匠 (mièjiàng)
• 繡匠／绣匠
• 臭皮匠 (chòupíjiàng)
• 船匠 (chuánjiàng)
• 良匠 (liángjiàng)
• 花匠 (huājiàng)
• 衣匠
• 裱糊匠
• 解匠
• 譯匠／译匠 (yìjiàng)
• 車匠／车匠 (chējiàng)
• 軍匠／军匠
• 郢匠
• 郢匠揮斤／郢匠挥斤
• 都料匠
• 醫匠／医匠
• 金匠 (jīnjiàng)
• 針筆匠／针笔匠
• 銅匠／铜匠 (tóngjiàng)
• 銀匠／银匠 (yínjiàng)
• 錫匠／锡匠 (xījiàng)
• 鎖匠／锁匠 (suǒjiàng)
• 鐵匠／铁匠 (tiějiàng)
• 陶匠 (táojiàng)
• 雕刻匠
• 靴匠 (xuējiàng)
• 鞋匠 (xiéjiàng)
• 香匠

 

Descendants

• → Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”) (via Middle Chinese)
  • Thai: ช่าง (châang)
  • Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ
  • Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ
  • Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)
  • Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)
  • Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)
  • Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)
  • Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)
• → Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”) (via Middle Chinese)
• → Khmer: ជាង (ciəng) (via Middle Chinese)

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00420
• “匠”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

匠

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: ぞう (zō)^{←ざう (zau, historical)}
• Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)^{←しやう (syau, historical)}
• Kun: たくみ (takumi, 匠)

Compounds

• 匠(しょう)気(き) (shōki)
• 意(い)匠(しょう) (ishō)
• 師(し)匠(しょう) (shishō)
• 宗匠(そうしょう) (sōshō)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
匠
たくみ Grade: S
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
工

Noun

匠(たくみ) • (takumi) 

1. craftsman, artisan
2. craft, craftsmanship, skill

Proper noun

匠(たくみ) • (Takumi) 

1. a male given name

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
匠
しょう Grade: S
on'yomi

Noun

匠(しょう) • (shō) 

1. skilled worker

Derived terms

• 鵜(う)匠(しょう) (ushō)
• 画(が)匠(しょう) (gashō)
• 楽(がく)匠(しょう) (gakushō)
• 剣(けん)匠(しょう) (kenshō)
• 工(こう)匠(しょう) (kōshō)
• 酒(さか)匠(しょう) (sakashō)
• 梓(し)匠(しょう) (shishō)
• 繍(しゅう)匠(しょう) (shūshō)
• 石(せき)匠(しょう) (sekishō)
• 鷹(たか)匠(じょう) (takajō)
• 刀(とう)匠(しょう) (tōshō)
• 名(めい)匠(しょう) (meishō)
• 木(もく)匠(しょう) (mokushō)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 匠 (MC dzjangH). Recorded as Middle Korean 쟈ᇰ〯 (cyǎng) (Yale: cyang) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

匠 (eumhun 장인 장 (jang'in jang))

1. hanja form^? of 장 (“craftsman, artisan”)

   Synonym: 工 (공 (gong))

Compounds

Compounds

• 공장 (工匠, gongjang, “craftsman”)
• 장인 (匠人, jang'in, “craftsman; artisan”)
• 거장 (巨匠, geojang, “master, virtuoso”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

匠: Hán Nôm readings: tượng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.