ध्वज

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit ध्वज (dhvajá).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /d̪ʱʋəd͡ʒ/, [d̪ʱʋɐd͡ʒ]

Noun

ध्वज • (dhvaj) m (Urdu spelling دھوج)

1. flag, banner

   Synonyms: झंडा (jhaṇḍā), ध्वजा (dhvajā), पताका (patākā)

   नेपाल का ध्वज अनोखे आकार का है।

   nepāl kā dhvaj anokhe ākār kā hai.

   The flag of Nepal has a unique shape.

Declension

Declension of ध्वज (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	ध्वज dhvaj	ध्वज dhvaj
oblique	ध्वज dhvaj	ध्वजों dhvajõ
vocative	ध्वज dhvaj	ध्वजो dhvajo

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “ध्वज”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
• Bahri, Hardev (1989) “ध्वज”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit ध्वज (dhvaja).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d̪ʱʋəd͡ʑ/

Noun

ध्वज • (dhvaj) m

1. flag, banner

   Synonyms: झेंडा (jheṇḍā), पताका (patākā)

Declension

Declension of ध्वज (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	ध्वज dhvaj
direct plural	ध्वज dhvaj
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	ध्वज dhvaj		ध्वज dhvaj
oblique सामान्यरूप	ध्वजा dhvajā		ध्वजां- dhvajān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	ध्वजाला dhvajālā		ध्वजांना dhvajānnā
ergative	ध्वजाने, ध्वजानं dhvajāne, dhvajāna		ध्वजांनी dhvajānnī
instrumental	ध्वजाशी dhvajāśī		ध्वजांशी dhvajānśī
locative सप्तमी	ध्वजात dhvajāt		ध्वजांत dhvajāt
vocative संबोधन	ध्वजा dhvajā		ध्वजांनो dhvajānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of ध्वज (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	ध्वजाचा dhvajāċā	ध्वजाचे dhvajāċe	ध्वजाची dhvajācī	ध्वजाच्या dhvajācā	ध्वजाचे, ध्वजाचं dhvajāċe, dhvajāċa	ध्वजाची dhvajācī	ध्वजाच्या dhvajācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	ध्वजांचा dhvajānċā	ध्वजांचे dhvajānċe	ध्वजांची dhvajāñcī	ध्वजांच्या dhvajāncā	ध्वजांचे, ध्वजांचं dhvajānċe, dhvajānċa	ध्वजांची dhvajāñcī	ध्वजांच्या dhvajāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

See also

• ध्वजारोहण (dhvajārohaṇ, “flag hoisting”)
• राष्ट्रध्वज (rāṣṭradhvaj, “national flag”)

References

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “ध्वज”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “ध्वज”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
• दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “ध्वज”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ).

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ধ্বজ (Assamese script)
• ᬥ᭄ᬯᬚ (Balinese script)
• ধ্বজ (Bengali script)
• 𑰠𑰿𑰪𑰕 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀥𑁆𑀯𑀚 (Brahmi script)
• ဓွဇ (Burmese script)
• ધ્વજ (Gujarati script)
• ਧ੍ਵਜ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌧𑍍𑌵𑌜 (Grantha script)
• ꦣ꧀ꦮꦗ (Javanese script)
• 𑂡𑂹𑂫𑂔 (Kaithi script)
• ಧ್ವಜ (Kannada script)
• ធ្វជ (Khmer script)
• ຘ຺ວຊ (Lao script)
• ധ്വജ (Malayalam script)
• ᢡᠣᠸᠠᡯᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘠𑘿𑘪𑘕 (Modi script)
• ᢑᠾᢦᠽᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧀𑧠𑧊𑦵 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐢𑑂𑐰𑐖 (Newa script)
• ଧ୍ଵଜ (Odia script)
• ꢤ꣄ꢮꢙ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆣𑇀𑆮𑆘 (Sharada script)
• 𑖠𑖿𑖪𑖕 (Siddham script)
• ධ‍්වජ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩮 𑪙𑩾𑩣 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚜𑚶𑚦𑚑 (Takri script)
• த்⁴வஜ (Tamil script)
• ధ్వజ (Telugu script)
• ธฺวช (Thai script)
• དྷྭ་ཛ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒡𑓂𑒫𑒖 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨜𑩇𑨭𑨥 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From the root ध्वज् (dhvaj, “(of a banner) to move and wave around”), of uncertain origin. Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *dʰweg- (“cloth”), and compared with Proto-Germanic *dōkaz (“cloth, rag”). However, Kroonen and Mayrhofer find this derivation phonetically unconvincing, with Mayrhofer preferring to derive the Sanskrit from a homophonous root *dʰweg-, albeit with a different root meaning "to move back and forth", which he takes as a verbal extension related to धव् (dhav, “to run, flow”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /dʱʋɐ.d͡ʑɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /d̪ʱʋɐ.d͡ʑɐ/

Noun

ध्वज • (dhvajá) stem, m

1. a flag-staff
2. a mark, an emblem
3. a characteristic sign
4. a distiller or vendor of spirituous liquors
5. pride, arrogance, hypocrisy

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of ध्वज

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ध्वजः (dhvajáḥ)	ध्वजौ (dhvajaú) ध्वजा¹ (dhvajā́¹)	ध्वजाः (dhvajā́ḥ) ध्वजासः¹ (dhvajā́saḥ¹)
vocative	ध्वज (dhvája)	ध्वजौ (dhvájau) ध्वजा¹ (dhvájā¹)	ध्वजाः (dhvájāḥ) ध्वजासः¹ (dhvájāsaḥ¹)
accusative	ध्वजम् (dhvajám)	ध्वजौ (dhvajaú) ध्वजा¹ (dhvajā́¹)	ध्वजान् (dhvajā́n)
instrumental	ध्वजेन (dhvajéna)	ध्वजाभ्याम् (dhvajā́bhyām)	ध्वजैः (dhvajaíḥ) ध्वजेभिः¹ (dhvajébhiḥ¹)
dative	ध्वजाय (dhvajā́ya)	ध्वजाभ्याम् (dhvajā́bhyām)	ध्वजेभ्यः (dhvajébhyaḥ)
ablative	ध्वजात् (dhvajā́t)	ध्वजाभ्याम् (dhvajā́bhyām)	ध्वजेभ्यः (dhvajébhyaḥ)
genitive	ध्वजस्य (dhvajásya)	ध्वजयोः (dhvajáyoḥ)	ध्वजानाम् (dhvajā́nām)
locative	ध्वजे (dhvajé)	ध्वजयोः (dhvajáyoḥ)	ध्वजेषु (dhvajéṣu)

• ¹Vedic

Derived terms

• ध्वजगृह (dhvajagṛha, “a room in which banners are kept or from which banners wave”)
• ध्वजग्रीव (dhvajagrīva, “necked like a banner (ie, high-necked)”)
• ध्वजद्रुम (dhvajadruma, “the palm tree used for making flag-staffs”)
• ध्वजपट (dhvajapaṭa, “banner-cloth”)
• ध्वजनवमी (dhvajanavamī, “festival”)
• ध्वजभङ्ग (dhvajabhaṅga, “the fracture or fall of a banner, impotence”)
• ध्वजवत् (dhvajavat, “decorated with banners”)
• ध्वजाग्र (dhvajāgra, “the top of a standard”)
• ध्वजिन् (dhvajin, “having or bearing a banner”)

Descendants

• Pali: dhaja
• Prakrit: 𑀥𑀚 (dhaja), 𑀥𑀸 (dhā), 𑀛𑀬 (jhaya), 𑀛𑀬𑀸 (jhayā)
  • Southern:
    • Helu Prakrit:
      • Dhivehi: ދިދަ (dida)
      • Sinhalese: දදය (dadaya)

Borrowed terms

• → Hindi: ध्वज (dhvaj)
• → Assamese: ধ্বজ (dhoz)
• → Bengali: ধ্বজা (dhoja) (semi-learned)
• → Gujarati: ધ્વજ (dhvaj)
• → Kannada: ಧ್ವಜ (dhvaja)
• → Konkani: ध्वज (dhvaj)
• → Malayalam: ധ്വജം (dhvajaṁ)
• → Marathi: ध्वज (dhvaj)
• → Odia: ଧଜା (dhajā), ଧୋଜା (dhojā), ଧ୍ବଜ (dhbaja)
• → Sinhalese: ධවජය (dhawajaya), ධජ (dhaja)
• → Tamil: துசம் (tucam), துவசம் (tuvacam), தூசு (tūcu), தொசம் (tocam)
• ⇒ Telugu: ధ్వజము (dhvajamu)
• → Thai: ธวัช (tá-wát)
• → Indonesian: duaja

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899) “ध्वज”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 522, column 1.
• “ध्वज॑” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 257, column 2.
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “ध्वज”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 135
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “dhvaja”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 396