نفس

See also: نقس

Arabic

Root
ن ف س (n f s)
11 terms

Etymology 1.1

Verb

نَفُسَ • (nafusa) I (non-past يَنْفُسُ (yanfusu), verbal noun نَفَس (nafas) or نِفَاس (nifās) or نَفَاسَة (nafāsa))

1. to be priceless, to be precious, to be valuable

Conjugation

Conjugation of نَفُسَ (I, sound, u ~ u, no passive (?), verbal nouns نَفَس, نِفَاس, نَفَاسَة)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						نَفَس, نِفَاس, نَفَاسَة nafas, nifās, nafāsa
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						نَفِيس, نَافِس nafīs, nāfis
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	نَفُسْتُ nafustu	نَفُسْتَ nafusta	نَفُسَ nafusa		نَفُسْتُمَا nafustumā	نَفُسَا nafusā		نَفُسْنَا nafusnā	نَفُسْتُمْ nafustum	نَفُسُوا nafusū
	f		نَفُسْتِ nafusti	نَفُسَتْ nafusat			نَفُسَتَا nafusatā			نَفُسْتُنَّ nafustunna	نَفُسْنَ nafusna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَنْفُسُ ʔanfusu	تَنْفُسُ tanfusu	يَنْفُسُ yanfusu		تَنْفُسَانِ tanfusāni	يَنْفُسَانِ yanfusāni		نَنْفُسُ nanfusu	تَنْفُسُونَ tanfusūna	يَنْفُسُونَ yanfusūna
	f		تَنْفُسِينَ tanfusīna	تَنْفُسُ tanfusu			تَنْفُسَانِ tanfusāni			تَنْفُسْنَ tanfusna	يَنْفُسْنَ yanfusna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَنْفُسَ ʔanfusa	تَنْفُسَ tanfusa	يَنْفُسَ yanfusa		تَنْفُسَا tanfusā	يَنْفُسَا yanfusā		نَنْفُسَ nanfusa	تَنْفُسُوا tanfusū	يَنْفُسُوا yanfusū
	f		تَنْفُسِي tanfusī	تَنْفُسَ tanfusa			تَنْفُسَا tanfusā			تَنْفُسْنَ tanfusna	يَنْفُسْنَ yanfusna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَنْفُسْ ʔanfus	تَنْفُسْ tanfus	يَنْفُسْ yanfus		تَنْفُسَا tanfusā	يَنْفُسَا yanfusā		نَنْفُسْ nanfus	تَنْفُسُوا tanfusū	يَنْفُسُوا yanfusū
	f		تَنْفُسِي tanfusī	تَنْفُسْ tanfus			تَنْفُسَا tanfusā			تَنْفُسْنَ tanfusna	يَنْفُسْنَ yanfusna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اُنْفُسْ unfus			اُنْفُسَا unfusā				اُنْفُسُوا unfusū
	f		اُنْفُسِي unfusī							اُنْفُسْنَ unfusna

Etymology 1.2

Verb

نَفِسَ • (nafisa) I (non-past يَنْفَسُ (yanfasu), verbal noun نَفَس (nafas))

1. to be stingy, to be sparing

Conjugation

Conjugation of نَفِسَ (I, sound, i ~ a, no passive, verbal noun نَفَس)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						نَفَس nafas
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						نُفَسَاء nufasāʔ
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	نَفِسْتُ nafistu	نَفِسْتَ nafista	نَفِسَ nafisa		نَفِسْتُمَا nafistumā	نَفِسَا nafisā		نَفِسْنَا nafisnā	نَفِسْتُمْ nafistum	نَفِسُوا nafisū
	f		نَفِسْتِ nafisti	نَفِسَتْ nafisat			نَفِسَتَا nafisatā			نَفِسْتُنَّ nafistunna	نَفِسْنَ nafisna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَنْفَسُ ʔanfasu	تَنْفَسُ tanfasu	يَنْفَسُ yanfasu		تَنْفَسَانِ tanfasāni	يَنْفَسَانِ yanfasāni		نَنْفَسُ nanfasu	تَنْفَسُونَ tanfasūna	يَنْفَسُونَ yanfasūna
	f		تَنْفَسِينَ tanfasīna	تَنْفَسُ tanfasu			تَنْفَسَانِ tanfasāni			تَنْفَسْنَ tanfasna	يَنْفَسْنَ yanfasna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَنْفَسَ ʔanfasa	تَنْفَسَ tanfasa	يَنْفَسَ yanfasa		تَنْفَسَا tanfasā	يَنْفَسَا yanfasā		نَنْفَسَ nanfasa	تَنْفَسُوا tanfasū	يَنْفَسُوا yanfasū
	f		تَنْفَسِي tanfasī	تَنْفَسَ tanfasa			تَنْفَسَا tanfasā			تَنْفَسْنَ tanfasna	يَنْفَسْنَ yanfasna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَنْفَسْ ʔanfas	تَنْفَسْ tanfas	يَنْفَسْ yanfas		تَنْفَسَا tanfasā	يَنْفَسَا yanfasā		نَنْفَسْ nanfas	تَنْفَسُوا tanfasū	يَنْفَسُوا yanfasū
	f		تَنْفَسِي tanfasī	تَنْفَسْ tanfas			تَنْفَسَا tanfasā			تَنْفَسْنَ tanfasna	يَنْفَسْنَ yanfasna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِنْفَسْ infas			اِنْفَسَا infasā				اِنْفَسُوا infasū
	f		اِنْفَسِي infasī							اِنْفَسْنَ infasna

Verb

نَفِسَ • (nafisa) I (non-past يَنْفَسُ (yanfasu), verbal noun نَفَاسَة (nafāsa))

1. to envy, to begrudge

Conjugation

Conjugation of نَفِسَ (I, sound, i ~ a, full passive, verbal noun نَفَاسَة)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						نَفَاسَة nafāsa
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						نُفَسَاء nufasāʔ
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَنْفُوس manfūs
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	نَفِسْتُ nafistu	نَفِسْتَ nafista	نَفِسَ nafisa		نَفِسْتُمَا nafistumā	نَفِسَا nafisā		نَفِسْنَا nafisnā	نَفِسْتُمْ nafistum	نَفِسُوا nafisū
	f		نَفِسْتِ nafisti	نَفِسَتْ nafisat			نَفِسَتَا nafisatā			نَفِسْتُنَّ nafistunna	نَفِسْنَ nafisna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَنْفَسُ ʔanfasu	تَنْفَسُ tanfasu	يَنْفَسُ yanfasu		تَنْفَسَانِ tanfasāni	يَنْفَسَانِ yanfasāni		نَنْفَسُ nanfasu	تَنْفَسُونَ tanfasūna	يَنْفَسُونَ yanfasūna
	f		تَنْفَسِينَ tanfasīna	تَنْفَسُ tanfasu			تَنْفَسَانِ tanfasāni			تَنْفَسْنَ tanfasna	يَنْفَسْنَ yanfasna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَنْفَسَ ʔanfasa	تَنْفَسَ tanfasa	يَنْفَسَ yanfasa		تَنْفَسَا tanfasā	يَنْفَسَا yanfasā		نَنْفَسَ nanfasa	تَنْفَسُوا tanfasū	يَنْفَسُوا yanfasū
	f		تَنْفَسِي tanfasī	تَنْفَسَ tanfasa			تَنْفَسَا tanfasā			تَنْفَسْنَ tanfasna	يَنْفَسْنَ yanfasna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَنْفَسْ ʔanfas	تَنْفَسْ tanfas	يَنْفَسْ yanfas		تَنْفَسَا tanfasā	يَنْفَسَا yanfasā		نَنْفَسْ nanfas	تَنْفَسُوا tanfasū	يَنْفَسُوا yanfasū
	f		تَنْفَسِي tanfasī	تَنْفَسْ tanfas			تَنْفَسَا tanfasā			تَنْفَسْنَ tanfasna	يَنْفَسْنَ yanfasna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِنْفَسْ infas			اِنْفَسَا infasā				اِنْفَسُوا infasū
	f		اِنْفَسِي infasī							اِنْفَسْنَ infasna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	نُفِسْتُ nufistu	نُفِسْتَ nufista	نُفِسَ nufisa		نُفِسْتُمَا nufistumā	نُفِسَا nufisā		نُفِسْنَا nufisnā	نُفِسْتُمْ nufistum	نُفِسُوا nufisū
	f		نُفِسْتِ nufisti	نُفِسَتْ nufisat			نُفِسَتَا nufisatā			نُفِسْتُنَّ nufistunna	نُفِسْنَ nufisna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُنْفَسُ ʔunfasu	تُنْفَسُ tunfasu	يُنْفَسُ yunfasu		تُنْفَسَانِ tunfasāni	يُنْفَسَانِ yunfasāni		نُنْفَسُ nunfasu	تُنْفَسُونَ tunfasūna	يُنْفَسُونَ yunfasūna
	f		تُنْفَسِينَ tunfasīna	تُنْفَسُ tunfasu			تُنْفَسَانِ tunfasāni			تُنْفَسْنَ tunfasna	يُنْفَسْنَ yunfasna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُنْفَسَ ʔunfasa	تُنْفَسَ tunfasa	يُنْفَسَ yunfasa		تُنْفَسَا tunfasā	يُنْفَسَا yunfasā		نُنْفَسَ nunfasa	تُنْفَسُوا tunfasū	يُنْفَسُوا yunfasū
	f		تُنْفَسِي tunfasī	تُنْفَسَ tunfasa			تُنْفَسَا tunfasā			تُنْفَسْنَ tunfasna	يُنْفَسْنَ yunfasna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُنْفَسْ ʔunfas	تُنْفَسْ tunfas	يُنْفَسْ yunfas		تُنْفَسَا tunfasā	يُنْفَسَا yunfasā		نُنْفَسْ nunfas	تُنْفَسُوا tunfasū	يُنْفَسُوا yunfasū
	f		تُنْفَسِي tunfasī	تُنْفَسْ tunfas			تُنْفَسَا tunfasā			تُنْفَسْنَ tunfasna	يُنْفَسْنَ yunfasna

Verb

نَفِسَ • (nafisa) I (non-past يَنْفَسُ (yanfasu), verbal noun نِفَاس (nifās))
نُفِسَ • (nufisa) I (passive-only, non-past يُنْفَسُ (yunfasu), verbal noun نِفَاس (nifās))

1. to be in childbed

Conjugation

Conjugation of نَفِسَ (I, sound, i ~ a, no passive, verbal noun نِفَاس)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						نِفَاس nifās
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						نُفَسَاء nufasāʔ
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	نَفِسْتُ nafistu	نَفِسْتَ nafista	نَفِسَ nafisa		نَفِسْتُمَا nafistumā	نَفِسَا nafisā		نَفِسْنَا nafisnā	نَفِسْتُمْ nafistum	نَفِسُوا nafisū
	f		نَفِسْتِ nafisti	نَفِسَتْ nafisat			نَفِسَتَا nafisatā			نَفِسْتُنَّ nafistunna	نَفِسْنَ nafisna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَنْفَسُ ʔanfasu	تَنْفَسُ tanfasu	يَنْفَسُ yanfasu		تَنْفَسَانِ tanfasāni	يَنْفَسَانِ yanfasāni		نَنْفَسُ nanfasu	تَنْفَسُونَ tanfasūna	يَنْفَسُونَ yanfasūna
	f		تَنْفَسِينَ tanfasīna	تَنْفَسُ tanfasu			تَنْفَسَانِ tanfasāni			تَنْفَسْنَ tanfasna	يَنْفَسْنَ yanfasna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَنْفَسَ ʔanfasa	تَنْفَسَ tanfasa	يَنْفَسَ yanfasa		تَنْفَسَا tanfasā	يَنْفَسَا yanfasā		نَنْفَسَ nanfasa	تَنْفَسُوا tanfasū	يَنْفَسُوا yanfasū
	f		تَنْفَسِي tanfasī	تَنْفَسَ tanfasa			تَنْفَسَا tanfasā			تَنْفَسْنَ tanfasna	يَنْفَسْنَ yanfasna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَنْفَسْ ʔanfas	تَنْفَسْ tanfas	يَنْفَسْ yanfas		تَنْفَسَا tanfasā	يَنْفَسَا yanfasā		نَنْفَسْ nanfas	تَنْفَسُوا tanfasū	يَنْفَسُوا yanfasū
	f		تَنْفَسِي tanfasī	تَنْفَسْ tanfas			تَنْفَسَا tanfasā			تَنْفَسْنَ tanfasna	يَنْفَسْنَ yanfasna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِنْفَسْ infas			اِنْفَسَا infasā				اِنْفَسُوا infasū
	f		اِنْفَسِي infasī							اِنْفَسْنَ infasna

Conjugation of نُفِسَ (I, sound, passive-only, verbal noun نِفَاس)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						نِفَاس nifās
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَنْفُوس manfūs
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	نُفِسْتُ nufistu	نُفِسْتَ nufista	نُفِسَ nufisa		نُفِسْتُمَا nufistumā	نُفِسَا nufisā		نُفِسْنَا nufisnā	نُفِسْتُمْ nufistum	نُفِسُوا nufisū
	f		نُفِسْتِ nufisti	نُفِسَتْ nufisat			نُفِسَتَا nufisatā			نُفِسْتُنَّ nufistunna	نُفِسْنَ nufisna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُنْفَسُ ʔunfasu	تُنْفَسُ tunfasu	يُنْفَسُ yunfasu		تُنْفَسَانِ tunfasāni	يُنْفَسَانِ yunfasāni		نُنْفَسُ nunfasu	تُنْفَسُونَ tunfasūna	يُنْفَسُونَ yunfasūna
	f		تُنْفَسِينَ tunfasīna	تُنْفَسُ tunfasu			تُنْفَسَانِ tunfasāni			تُنْفَسْنَ tunfasna	يُنْفَسْنَ yunfasna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُنْفَسَ ʔunfasa	تُنْفَسَ tunfasa	يُنْفَسَ yunfasa		تُنْفَسَا tunfasā	يُنْفَسَا yunfasā		نُنْفَسَ nunfasa	تُنْفَسُوا tunfasū	يُنْفَسُوا yunfasū
	f		تُنْفَسِي tunfasī	تُنْفَسَ tunfasa			تُنْفَسَا tunfasā			تُنْفَسْنَ tunfasna	يُنْفَسْنَ yunfasna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُنْفَسْ ʔunfas	تُنْفَسْ tunfas	يُنْفَسْ yunfas		تُنْفَسَا tunfasā	يُنْفَسَا yunfasā		نُنْفَسْ nunfas	تُنْفَسُوا tunfasū	يُنْفَسُوا yunfasū
	f		تُنْفَسِي tunfasī	تُنْفَسْ tunfas			تُنْفَسَا tunfasā			تُنْفَسْنَ tunfasna	يُنْفَسْنَ yunfasna

Etymology 1.3

Verb

نَفَّسَ • (naffasa) II (non-past يُنَفِّسُ (yunaffisu), verbal noun تَنْفِيس (tanfīs))

1. to comfort, to cheer up, to reassure, to appease
2. to relieve, to dispel, to banish
3. to air, to vent
4. to uncover, to reveal, to voice
5. to cease, to desist
6. to let out air
7. to be in childbed
8. (regional, Saudi Arabia) to get frustrated

Conjugation

Conjugation of نَفَّسَ (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun تَنْفِيس)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَنْفِيس tanfīs
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُنَفِّس munaffis
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُنَفَّس munaffas
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	نَفَّسْتُ naffastu	نَفَّسْتَ naffasta	نَفَّسَ naffasa		نَفَّسْتُمَا naffastumā	نَفَّسَا naffasā		نَفَّسْنَا naffasnā	نَفَّسْتُمْ naffastum	نَفَّسُوا naffasū
	f		نَفَّسْتِ naffasti	نَفَّسَتْ naffasat			نَفَّسَتَا naffasatā			نَفَّسْتُنَّ naffastunna	نَفَّسْنَ naffasna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُنَفِّسُ ʔunaffisu	تُنَفِّسُ tunaffisu	يُنَفِّسُ yunaffisu		تُنَفِّسَانِ tunaffisāni	يُنَفِّسَانِ yunaffisāni		نُنَفِّسُ nunaffisu	تُنَفِّسُونَ tunaffisūna	يُنَفِّسُونَ yunaffisūna
	f		تُنَفِّسِينَ tunaffisīna	تُنَفِّسُ tunaffisu			تُنَفِّسَانِ tunaffisāni			تُنَفِّسْنَ tunaffisna	يُنَفِّسْنَ yunaffisna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُنَفِّسَ ʔunaffisa	تُنَفِّسَ tunaffisa	يُنَفِّسَ yunaffisa		تُنَفِّسَا tunaffisā	يُنَفِّسَا yunaffisā		نُنَفِّسَ nunaffisa	تُنَفِّسُوا tunaffisū	يُنَفِّسُوا yunaffisū
	f		تُنَفِّسِي tunaffisī	تُنَفِّسَ tunaffisa			تُنَفِّسَا tunaffisā			تُنَفِّسْنَ tunaffisna	يُنَفِّسْنَ yunaffisna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُنَفِّسْ ʔunaffis	تُنَفِّسْ tunaffis	يُنَفِّسْ yunaffis		تُنَفِّسَا tunaffisā	يُنَفِّسَا yunaffisā		نُنَفِّسْ nunaffis	تُنَفِّسُوا tunaffisū	يُنَفِّسُوا yunaffisū
	f		تُنَفِّسِي tunaffisī	تُنَفِّسْ tunaffis			تُنَفِّسَا tunaffisā			تُنَفِّسْنَ tunaffisna	يُنَفِّسْنَ yunaffisna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		نَفِّسْ naffis			نَفِّسَا naffisā				نَفِّسُوا naffisū
	f		نَفِّسِي naffisī							نَفِّسْنَ naffisna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	نُفِّسْتُ nuffistu	نُفِّسْتَ nuffista	نُفِّسَ nuffisa		نُفِّسْتُمَا nuffistumā	نُفِّسَا nuffisā		نُفِّسْنَا nuffisnā	نُفِّسْتُمْ nuffistum	نُفِّسُوا nuffisū
	f		نُفِّسْتِ nuffisti	نُفِّسَتْ nuffisat			نُفِّسَتَا nuffisatā			نُفِّسْتُنَّ nuffistunna	نُفِّسْنَ nuffisna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُنَفَّسُ ʔunaffasu	تُنَفَّسُ tunaffasu	يُنَفَّسُ yunaffasu		تُنَفَّسَانِ tunaffasāni	يُنَفَّسَانِ yunaffasāni		نُنَفَّسُ nunaffasu	تُنَفَّسُونَ tunaffasūna	يُنَفَّسُونَ yunaffasūna
	f		تُنَفَّسِينَ tunaffasīna	تُنَفَّسُ tunaffasu			تُنَفَّسَانِ tunaffasāni			تُنَفَّسْنَ tunaffasna	يُنَفَّسْنَ yunaffasna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُنَفَّسَ ʔunaffasa	تُنَفَّسَ tunaffasa	يُنَفَّسَ yunaffasa		تُنَفَّسَا tunaffasā	يُنَفَّسَا yunaffasā		نُنَفَّسَ nunaffasa	تُنَفَّسُوا tunaffasū	يُنَفَّسُوا yunaffasū
	f		تُنَفَّسِي tunaffasī	تُنَفَّسَ tunaffasa			تُنَفَّسَا tunaffasā			تُنَفَّسْنَ tunaffasna	يُنَفَّسْنَ yunaffasna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُنَفَّسْ ʔunaffas	تُنَفَّسْ tunaffas	يُنَفَّسْ yunaffas		تُنَفَّسَا tunaffasā	يُنَفَّسَا yunaffasā		نُنَفَّسْ nunaffas	تُنَفَّسُوا tunaffasū	يُنَفَّسُوا yunaffasū
	f		تُنَفَّسِي tunaffasī	تُنَفَّسْ tunaffas			تُنَفَّسَا tunaffasā			تُنَفَّسْنَ tunaffasna	يُنَفَّسْنَ yunaffasna

Etymology 2.1

From Proto-Semitic *napš-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nafs/

Noun

نَفْس • (nafs) f (plural نُفُوس (nufūs) or أَنْفُس (ʔanfus))

1. self
   1. (plural أَنْفُس (ʔanfus)) in idafa with an enclitic pronoun attached to it

      نَفْسُهُ ― nafsuhu ― himself

      1. (plural أَنْفُس (ʔanfus)) as reflexive

         قَتَلَ نَفْسَهُ ― qatala nafsahu ― He killed himself. [reflexive]

         رَأَيْتُ نَفْسِي فِي ٱلْمِرْآةِ ― raʔaytu nafsī fī l-mirʔāti ― I saw myself in the mirror.

      2. (plural أَنْفُس (ʔanfus)) as emphatic

         جَاءَنِي هُوَ نَفْسُهُ.

         jāʔanī huwa nafsuhu.

         He came to me himself or in person.

         • a. 1360, Ibn Hishām Al-Ansāriyy, Sharh Qatr Al-Nadā Wa-Ball Al-Sadā:

           وَأَمَّا قَوْلُ ٱلْعَرَبِ: «اِتَّقَى ٱللَّهَ ٱمْرُؤٌ فَعَلَ خَيْرًا يُثَبْ عَلَيْهِ» بِٱلْجَزْمِ، فَوَجْهُهُ أَنَّ «ٱتَّقَى ٱللَّهَ» وَ«فَعَلَ خَيْرًا» وَإِنْ كَانَا فِعْلَيْنِ مَاضِيَيْنِ ظَاهِرُهُمَا ٱلْخَبَرُ، إِلَّا أَنَّ ٱلْمُرَادَ بِهِمَا ٱلطَّلَبُ، وَٱلْمَعْنَى: لِيَتَّقِ ٱللَّهَ ٱمْرُؤٌ وَلْيَفْعَلْ خَيْرًا، وَكَذَٰلِكَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلَّذِینَ ءَامَنُوا۟ هَلۡ أَدُلُّكُمۡ عَلَىٰ تِجَـٰرَةࣲ تُنجِیكُم مِّنۡ عَذَابٍ أَلِیمࣲ ۝١٠ تُؤۡمِنُونَ بِٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ وَتُجَـٰهِدُونَ فِی سَبِیلِ ٱللَّهِ بِأَمۡوَ ٰ⁠لِكُمۡ وَأَنفُسِكُمۡۚ ذَ ٰ⁠لِكُمۡ خَیۡرࣱ لَّكُمۡ إِن كُنتُمۡ تَعۡلَمُونَ ۝١١ یَغۡفِرۡ لَكُمۡ﴾ فَجَزْمُ يَغْفِرْ لِأَنَّهُ جَوَابٌ لِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿تُؤۡمِنُونَ بِٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ وَتُجَـٰهِدُونَ﴾ لِكَوْنِهِ فِي مَعْنَى «آمِنُوا وَجَاهِدُوا»، وَلَيْسَ جَوَابًا لِلِٱسْتِفْهَامِ، لِأَنَّ غُفْرَانَ ٱلذُّنُوبِ لَا يَتَسَبَّبُ عَنْ نَفْسِ ٱلدَّلَالَةِ، بَلْ عَنِ ٱلْإِيمَانِ وَٱلْجِهَادِ.

           waʔammā qawlu l-ʕarabi: “ittaqā l-laha mruʔun faʕala ḵayran yuṯab ʕalayhi” bi-l-jazmi, fawajhuhu ʔanna “ttaqā l-laha” wa“faʕala ḵayran” waʔin kānā fiʕlayni māḍiyayni ẓāhiruhumā l-ḵabaru, ʔillā ʔanna l-murāda bihimā ṭ-ṭalabu, wal-maʕnā: liyattaqi l-laha mruʔun walyafʕal ḵayran, wakaḏālika qawluhu taʕālā: “yā ʔayyuhā llaḏīna ʔāmanū hal ʔadullukum ʕalā tijāratin tunjīkum min ʕaḏābin ʔalīmin? tuʔminūna bi-l-lāhi warasūlihī watujāhidūna fī sabīli l-lahi biʔamwālikum waʔanfusikum; ḏālikum ḵayrun lakum ʔin kuntum taʕlamūna, yaḡfir lakum” fajazmu yaḡfir liʔannahu jawābun liqawlihi taʕālā: “tuʔminūna bi-l-lahi warasūlihī watujāhidūna” likawnihi fī maʕnā “ʔāminū wajāhidū”, walaysa jawāban lilistifhāmi, liʔanna ḡufrāna ḏ-ḏunūbi lā yatasabbabu ʕan nafsi d-dalālati, bal ʕani l-ʔīmāni wal-jihādi.

           (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. same used in the construct state, with a modifying noun in the genitive, or after the noun with an enclitic pronoun attached to it

   نَفْسُ ٱلشَّيْءِ ― nafsu š-šayʔi ― the same thing

   فِي نَفْسِ ٱلْيَوْمِ، فِي ٱلْيَوْمِ نَفْسِهِ

   fī nafsi l-yawmi, fī l-yawmi nafsihi

   on the same day

3. consciousness
4. psyche, mind
5. spirit, soul
6. life, breath
7. essence, nature
8. inclination, appetite, proclivity
9. personal identity

Inflection

Inflected forms

base form					نَفْسُ (nafsu)
Personal-pronoun including forms
	singular		dual	plural
	m	f		m	f
1st person	نَفْسِي (nafsī)		أَنْفُسُنَا (ʔanfusunā)
2nd person	نَفْسُكَ (nafsuka)	نَفْسُكِ (nafsuki)	أَنْفُسُكُمَا (ʔanfusukumā)	أَنْفُسُكُمْ (ʔanfusukum)	أَنْفُسُكُنَّ (ʔanfusukunna)
3rd person	نَفْسُهُ (nafsuhu)	نَفْسُهَا (nafsuhā)	أَنْفُسُهُمَا (ʔanfusuhumā)	أَنْفُسُهُمْ (ʔanfusuhum)	أَنْفُسُهُنَّ (ʔanfusuhunna)

Inflected forms

base form					نَفْسَ (nafsa)
Personal-pronoun including forms
	singular		dual	plural
	m	f		m	f
1st person	نَفْسِي (nafsī)		أَنْفُسَنَا (ʔanfusanā)
2nd person	نَفْسَكَ (nafsaka)	نَفْسَكِ (nafsaki)	أَنْفُسَكُمَا (ʔanfusakumā)	أَنْفُسَكُمْ (ʔanfusakum)	أَنْفُسَكُنَّ (ʔanfusakunna)
3rd person	نَفْسَهُ (nafsahu)	نَفْسَهَا (nafsahā)	أَنْفُسَهُمَا (ʔanfusahumā)	أَنْفُسَهُمْ (ʔanfusahum)	أَنْفُسَهُنَّ (ʔanfusahunna)

Inflected forms

base form					نَفْسِ (nafsi)
Personal-pronoun including forms
	singular		dual	plural
	m	f		m	f
1st person	نَفْسِي (nafsī)		أَنْفُسِنَا (ʔanfusinā)
2nd person	نَفْسِكَ (nafsika)	نَفْسِكِ (nafsiki)	أَنْفُسِكُمَا (ʔanfusikumā)	أَنْفُسِكُمْ (ʔanfusikum)	أَنْفُسِكُنَّ (ʔanfusikunna)
3rd person	نَفْسِهِ (nafsihi)	نَفْسِهَا (nafsihā)	أَنْفُسِهِمَا (ʔanfusihimā)	أَنْفُسِهِمْ (ʔanfusihim)	أَنْفُسِهِنَّ (ʔanfusihinna)

Declension

Declension of noun نَفْس (nafs)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	نَفْس nafs	النَّفْس an-nafs	نَفْس nafs
nominative	نَفْسٌ nafsun	النَّفْسُ an-nafsu	نَفْسُ nafsu
accusative	نَفْسًا nafsan	النَّفْسَ an-nafsa	نَفْسَ nafsa
genitive	نَفْسٍ nafsin	النَّفْسِ an-nafsi	نَفْسِ nafsi
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	نَفْسَيْن nafsayn	النَّفْسَيْن an-nafsayn	نَفْسَيْ nafsay
nominative	نَفْسَانِ nafsāni	النَّفْسَانِ an-nafsāni	نَفْسَا nafsā
accusative	نَفْسَيْنِ nafsayni	النَّفْسَيْنِ an-nafsayni	نَفْسَيْ nafsay
genitive	نَفْسَيْنِ nafsayni	النَّفْسَيْنِ an-nafsayni	نَفْسَيْ nafsay
plural	basic broken plural triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	نُفُوس‎; أَنْفُس nufūs‎; ʔanfus	النُّفُوس‎; الْأَنْفُس an-nufūs‎; al-ʔanfus	نُفُوس‎; أَنْفُس nufūs‎; ʔanfus
nominative	نُفُوسٌ‎; أَنْفُسٌ nufūsun‎; ʔanfusun	النُّفُوسُ‎; الْأَنْفُسُ an-nufūsu‎; al-ʔanfusu	نُفُوسُ‎; أَنْفُسُ nufūsu‎; ʔanfusu
accusative	نُفُوسًا‎; أَنْفُسًا nufūsan‎; ʔanfusan	النُّفُوسَ‎; الْأَنْفُسَ an-nufūsa‎; al-ʔanfusa	نُفُوسَ‎; أَنْفُسَ nufūsa‎; ʔanfusa
genitive	نُفُوسٍ‎; أَنْفُسٍ nufūsin‎; ʔanfusin	النُّفُوسِ‎; الْأَنْفُسِ an-nufūsi‎; al-ʔanfusi	نُفُوسِ‎; أَنْفُسِ nufūsi‎; ʔanfusi

Synonyms

• (emphatic): عَيْن (ʕayn)

Derived terms

• بِنَفْسِهِ (binafsihi, “himself, in person, personally”)
• مِنْ نَفْسِهِ (min nafsihi, “of his own accord”)
• نَفْسِيّ (nafsiyy)
  • نَفْسِيَّة (nafsiyya)
• عِلْمُ ٱلنَّفْسِ (ʕilmu n-nafsi, “psychology”)
• صَغِيرُ ٱلنَّفْسِ (ṣaḡīru n-nafsi, “base-minded, low-minded”, literally “small of mind”)
• كَبِيرُ ٱلنَّفْسِ (kabīru n-nafsi, “high-minded, proud”, literally “big of mind”)

Etymology 2.2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nafs/

Noun

نَفْس • (nafs) m (plural نُفُوس (nufūs) or أَنْفُس (ʔanfus))

1. living creature, living being, human being, person

Declension

Declension of noun نَفْس (nafs)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	نَفْس nafs	النَّفْس an-nafs	نَفْس nafs
nominative	نَفْسٌ nafsun	النَّفْسُ an-nafsu	نَفْسُ nafsu
accusative	نَفْسًا nafsan	النَّفْسَ an-nafsa	نَفْسَ nafsa
genitive	نَفْسٍ nafsin	النَّفْسِ an-nafsi	نَفْسِ nafsi
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	نَفْسَيْن nafsayn	النَّفْسَيْن an-nafsayn	نَفْسَيْ nafsay
nominative	نَفْسَانِ nafsāni	النَّفْسَانِ an-nafsāni	نَفْسَا nafsā
accusative	نَفْسَيْنِ nafsayni	النَّفْسَيْنِ an-nafsayni	نَفْسَيْ nafsay
genitive	نَفْسَيْنِ nafsayni	النَّفْسَيْنِ an-nafsayni	نَفْسَيْ nafsay
plural	basic broken plural triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	نُفُوس‎; أَنْفُس nufūs‎; ʔanfus	النُّفُوس‎; الْأَنْفُس an-nufūs‎; al-ʔanfus	نُفُوس‎; أَنْفُس nufūs‎; ʔanfus
nominative	نُفُوسٌ‎; أَنْفُسٌ nufūsun‎; ʔanfusun	النُّفُوسُ‎; الْأَنْفُسُ an-nufūsu‎; al-ʔanfusu	نُفُوسُ‎; أَنْفُسُ nufūsu‎; ʔanfusu
accusative	نُفُوسًا‎; أَنْفُسًا nufūsan‎; ʔanfusan	النُّفُوسَ‎; الْأَنْفُسَ an-nufūsa‎; al-ʔanfusa	نُفُوسَ‎; أَنْفُسَ nufūsa‎; ʔanfusa
genitive	نُفُوسٍ‎; أَنْفُسٍ nufūsin‎; ʔanfusin	النُّفُوسِ‎; الْأَنْفُسِ an-nufūsi‎; al-ʔanfusi	نُفُوسِ‎; أَنْفُسِ nufūsi‎; ʔanfusi

Etymology 2.3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /na.fas/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

نَفَس • (nafas) m (plural أَنْفَاس (ʔanfās))

1. verbal noun of نَفِسَ (nafisa) (form I)
2. verbal noun of نَفُسَ (nafusa) (form I)
3. breath
4. puff, draw (of smoke)
5. gulp, draught
6. freedom, liberty, convenience, discretion

Declension

Declension of noun نَفَس (nafas)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	نَفَس nafas	النَّفَس an-nafas	نَفَس nafas
nominative	نَفَسٌ nafasun	النَّفَسُ an-nafasu	نَفَسُ nafasu
accusative	نَفَسًا nafasan	النَّفَسَ an-nafasa	نَفَسَ nafasa
genitive	نَفَسٍ nafasin	النَّفَسِ an-nafasi	نَفَسِ nafasi
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	نَفَسَيْن nafasayn	النَّفَسَيْن an-nafasayn	نَفَسَيْ nafasay
nominative	نَفَسَانِ nafasāni	النَّفَسَانِ an-nafasāni	نَفَسَا nafasā
accusative	نَفَسَيْنِ nafasayni	النَّفَسَيْنِ an-nafasayni	نَفَسَيْ nafasay
genitive	نَفَسَيْنِ nafasayni	النَّفَسَيْنِ an-nafasayni	نَفَسَيْ nafasay
plural	basic broken plural triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	أَنْفَاس ʔanfās	الْأَنْفَاس al-ʔanfās	أَنْفَاس ʔanfās
nominative	أَنْفَاسٌ ʔanfāsun	الْأَنْفَاسُ al-ʔanfāsu	أَنْفَاسُ ʔanfāsu
accusative	أَنْفَاسًا ʔanfāsan	الْأَنْفَاسَ al-ʔanfāsa	أَنْفَاسَ ʔanfāsa
genitive	أَنْفَاسٍ ʔanfāsin	الْأَنْفَاسِ al-ʔanfāsi	أَنْفَاسِ ʔanfāsi

Descendants

• Maltese: nifs
• → Azerbaijani: nəfəs
• → Armenian: նաֆաս (nafas), նաֆս (nafs)
• → Baluchi: نپس (napas)
• → Khalaj: nəfəs
• → Malay: nafas
  • Indonesian: napas, nonstandard Indonesian
    • → Amahai: napas
  • → Tausug: napas
• → Persian: نفس (nafas)
• → Swahili: nafasi
• → Ottoman Turkish: نفس (nefes)

  > Turkish: nefes (inherited)

• → Uyghur: نەپەس (nepes)
• → Uzbek: nafas

Etymology 3

Verb

نفس (form I)

1. نَفْسُ (nafsu) /naf.su/: first-person plural non-past active jussive of فَسَا (fasā)
2. نُفْسَ (nufsa) /nuf.sa/: first-person plural non-past passive jussive of فَسَا (fasā)

References

• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “نفس”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[1] (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 700–701
• Freytag, Georg (1837) “نفس”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 313
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “نفس”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, pages 1155–1556

Khalaj

Noun

نَفَس (nəfəs) (definite accusative نَفَسی, plural نَفَسلَر)

1. Arabic spelling of nəfəs (“breath”)

Declension

Declension of نفس

	singular	plural
nominative	نفس	نفسلَر
genitive	نفسۆݧ	نفسلَریݧ
dative	نفسکه	نفسلَرکه
definite accusative	نفسۆ	نفسلَری
locative	نفسچه	نفسلَرچه
ablative	نفسده	نفسلَرده
instrumental	نفسله	نفسلَرله
equative	نفسوارا	نفسلَروارا

Malay

Noun

نفس (plural نفس-نفس or نفس٢)

1. Jawi spelling of nafas.‎‎

Moroccan Arabic

Root
ن ف س
1 term

Etymology 1

From Arabic نَفَّسَ (naffasa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /naf.fas/

Verb

نفس • (naffas) II (non-past ينفس (ynaffas))

1. to vent, to air
2. to let out air
3. to fart on (someone)

   نفستينا يا صاحبي! ― naffastīna ya sāḥbi ― You farted on us, dude!

Conjugation

Conjugation of نفس

		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	نفّست (naffast)	نفّستي (naffasti)	نفّس (naffas)		نفّسنا (naffasna)	نفّستوا (naffastu)	نفّسوا (naffsu)
	f			نفّست (naffsāt)
non-past	m	ننفّس (nnaffas)	تنفّس (tnaffas)	ينفّس (ynaffas)		ننفّسوا (nnaffsu)	تنفّسوا (tnaffsu)	ينفّسوا (ynaffsu)
	f		تنفّسي (tnaffsi)	تنفّس (tnaffas)
imperative	m		نفّس (naffas)				نفّسوا (naffsu)
	f		نفّسي (naffsi)

Etymology 2

From Arabic نَفْس (nafs).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nafs/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

نفس • (nafs) m

1. same used in the construct state, with a modifying noun, or after the noun with an enclitic pronoun attached to it

   نفس الشي ― nafs eš-ši ― the same thing

   فنفس اليوم، فاليوم نفسه ― f-nafs el-yūm, f-el-yūm nafsu ― on the same day

2. life, breath
3. inclination, appetite, proclivity

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic نَفَس (nafas, “breath; soul”).

Noun

نفس • (nefes) (plural انفاس)

1. breath, the act or process of breathing

   Synonyms: باد (bâd), دم (dam), صولوق (soluk)

2. the time of one breath, a brief moment of time
3. soul, the spirit of a person that lives on after one's death

   Synonyms: اوز (öz), تن (tin), جان (can), روح (ruh), زات (zat)

4. self, one's individual personality, character or disposition
5. essence of anything, its very substance or reality

Derived terms

• بالق نفسی (balık nefesi, “spermaceti”)
• تك نفس (tek nefes, “asthma”)
• صوڭ نفس (son nefes, “the moment just before death”)
• ضیق النفس (dıyku'n-nefes, “asthma”)
• ضیق نفس (dıyk-ı nefes, “asthma”)
• نفس آلمق (nefes almak, “to breathe”)
• نفس طارلغی (nefes darlığı, “asthma”)
• نفس ویرمك (nefes vermek, “to exhale”)

Descendants

• Turkish: nefes

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “nefes”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3512
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “نفس”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[3], Constantinople: Mihran, page 1282
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Halitus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[4], Vienna, column 685
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “نفس”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[5], Vienna, column 5223
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “nefes”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “نفس”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[6], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 2095
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “نفس”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[7], Vienna: F. Beck, page 481

Persian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic نَفَس (nafas).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [na.ˈfas]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [nä.fǽs]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [nä.fǽs]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [nä.fǽs]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [nä.fǽs]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [næ.fǽs]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [nä.fǽs]

Readings
Classical reading?	nafas
Dari reading?	nafas
Iranian reading?	nafas
Tajik reading?	nafas

Noun

نفس • (nafas) (plural نفس‌ها or انفاس (anfâs))

1. breath

Related terms

• تنفس (tanaffos)
• نفس کشیدن (nafas kešidan)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic نَفْس (nafs).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [nafs]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [näfs]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [näfs]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [näfs]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [näfs]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [næfs]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [näfs]

Readings
Classical reading?	nafs
Dari reading?	nafs
Iranian reading?	nafs
Tajik reading?	nafs

Noun

نفس • (nafs) (plural نفس‌ها or نفوس (nofus))

1. self
2. (usually Islam, Sufism) soul, psyche, spirit, mind (split into multiple categories in Sufi psychology)
3. (usually Islam, Sufism) the carnal soul, the id, concupiscence
   • c. 1260, Saʿdī, دیوان سعدی [The Divān of Saʿdī]‎^[8]:

     یار از برای نفس گرفتن طریق نیست
     ما نفْس خویشتن بکُشیم از برای یار

     yār az barā-yi nafs giriftan tarīq nēst
     mā nafs-e xwēštan bikušēm az barā-yi yār

     It is not the way to have a lover for the sake of concupiscence;
     We kill our carnal soul for the sake of the lover.

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

Further reading

• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “نفس”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ن ف س
2 terms

Etymology 1

From Arabic نَفْس (nafs).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nafs/, [nafs]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

Noun

نفس • (nafs) m (plural أنفس (ʔanfos) or نفوس (nufūs))

1. soul, spirit, psyche, mind
2. desire, appetite

   Synonym: شهيّة (šahiyye)

Pronoun

نفس • (nafs-)

1. (with personal suffix) -self, -selves (reflexive pronoun)

   Synonym: حال (ḥāl-)

   أقنعت نفسي. ― ʔaqnaʕt nafsi ― I convinced myself.

   المشية ممكن تسمعوها بأكتر من اسم، بس إحنا تركيزنا عالحركة نفسها.

   il-mašye mumken tismaʕūha bi-ʔaktar min ism, bas ʔeḥna tarkīzna ʕal-ḥarake nafsha

   You can hear "il-Mashye" go by more than one name, but our focus is on the move itself.

Inflection

Inflection of نفس

base form			نفس (nafs)
Personal-pronoun including forms
	singular		plural
	m	f
1st person	نفسي (nafsi)		نفسنا (nafsna)
2nd person	نفسك (nafsak)	نفسك (nafsek)	نفسكم (nafskom)
3rd person	نفسه (nafso)	نفسها (nafsha)	نفسهم (nafshom)

Preposition

نفس • (nafs)

1. same

   هادا نفس الشي. ― hāda nafs iš-šī ― That's the same thing.

Etymology 2

From Arabic نَفَّسَ (naffasa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /naf.fas/, [ˈnaf.fas]

• Audio (al-Lidd):

  (file)

Verb

نفّس • (naffas) I (present بنفّس (binaffes))

1. to breathe out, to exhale

   Antonym: تنفّس (tnaffas)

2. (intransitive) to deflate

Conjugation

Conjugation of نفس

		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	نفّست (naffast)	نفّست (naffast)	نفّس (naffas)		نفّسنا (naffasna)	نفّستو (naffastu)	نفّسو (naffasu)
	f		نفّستي (naffasti)	نفّست (naffasat)
present	m	بنفّس (banaffis)	بتنفّس (bitnaffis)	بنفّس (binaffis)		مننفّس (minnaffis)	بتنفّسو (bitnaffsu)	بنفّسو (binaffsu)
	f		بتنفّسي (bitnaffsi)	بتنفّس (bitnaffis)
subjunctive	m	انفّس (anaffis)	تنفّس (tnaffis)	ينفّس (ynaffis)		ننفّس (nnaffis)	تنفّسو (tnaffsu)	ينفّسو (ynaffsu)
	f		تنفّسي (tnaffsi)	تنفّس (tnaffis)
imperative	m		نفّس (naffis)				نفّسو (naffsu)
	f		نفّسي (naffsi)

Etymology 3

From Arabic نَفَس (nafas).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /na.fas/, [ˈna.fas]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

Noun

نفس • (nafas) m

1. breathing, breath
2. nargileh, hookah, water pipe

   Synonym: أرجيلة (ʔargīle)