бути
Appearance
Ukrainian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old East Slavic бꙑти (byti), from Proto-Slavic *byti. The u in the infinitive and past tense was probably influenced by the future tense. Compare Pannonian Rusyn буц (buc) as well as (rare and possibly hyper-corrected) Old Novgorodian буть (butĭ) for the infinitive and Belarusian быць (bycʹ) for the senses.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Ukrainian) IPA(key): [ˈbute]
- (Galician-Bukovian) IPA(key): /'butɪ/, ['bu̯͡o̝t̪ɘ], [bu̯͡ʊt̪ɘ], [bʷo̝t̪ɘ], [bʷʊt̪ɘ]
- (Carpathian);"бити". IPA(key): /'bɯtɪ/, [bʷɯ̞t̪ɪ]
Audio (Standard Ukrainian): (file) Audio (Carpathian): (file)
Verb
[edit]бу́ти • (búty) impf
- to be
- У ме́не є пита́ння ― U méne je pytánnja ― I have a question.
- Він був до́бре відо́мий на ба́тьківщині. ― Vin buv dóbre vidómyj na bátʹkivščyni. ― He was well known in his homeland.
- (auxiliary, future tense) used to form the future tense of imperfect verbs
- Бу́ду роби́ти ― Búdu robýty ― I will be doing.
- Жи́ти бу́де ― Žýty búde ― He/She/It will live (be living).
- (auxiliary, past tense) used to form the pluperfect tense
- Я був сказа́в / Я була́ сказа́ла ― Ja buv skazáv / Ja bulá skazála ― I had said
- Вона́ пила́ була́ ― Voná pylá bulá ― She had been drinking
- 1991 August 24, Акт проголошення незалежності України (Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic)[1]:
- Виходячи із смертельної небезпеки, яка нависла була над Україною в зв'язку з державним переворотом в СРСР 19 серпня 1991 року,
- Vyxodjačy iz smertelʹnoji nebezpeky, jaka navysla bula nad Ukrajinoju v zvʺjazku z deržavnym perevorotom v SRSR 19 serpnja 1991 roku,
- Coming from the mortal danger, which had hung over Ukraine in connection with the state coup in the USSR on August 19, 1991,
Usage notes
[edit]- Omitted in the present tense except in the third-person singular "є", which is used occasionally to express possession or definition or for emphasis.
- To express A=B (to indicate that the subject and object are the same), in the present tense, the verb is omitted and — can be used, e.g.:
- мій брат — вчи́тель ― mij brat — včýtelʹ ― My brother is a teacher
- "—" is not used when the subject is a pronoun, e.g.:
- я студе́нт ― ja studént ― I am a student
- Omitted in the present tense to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal
- вона́ вродли́ва ― voná vrodlýva ― she is beautiful
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of бу́ти
infinitive | бу́ти búty | |
---|---|---|
participles | present tense | past tense |
active | бу́дучий*‡ búdučyj*‡ |
бу́вший* búvšyj* |
passive | — | — |
adverbial | бу́дучи búdučy |
бу́вши búvšy |
present tense | future tense | |
1st singular я |
є, єсть*, є́сьми† je, jestʹ*, jésʹmy† |
бу́ду búdu |
2nd singular ти |
є, єсть*, єси́* je, jestʹ*, jesý* |
бу́деш búdeš |
3rd singular він / вона / воно |
є, єсть* je, jestʹ* |
бу́де búde |
1st plural ми |
є, єсть*, є́сьмо† je, jestʹ*, jésʹmo† |
бу́дем, бу́демо búdem, búdemo |
2nd plural ви |
є, єсть*, є́сьте† je, jestʹ*, jésʹte† |
бу́дете búdete |
3rd plural вони |
є, єсть*, суть* je, jestʹ*, sutʹ* |
бу́дуть búdutʹ |
imperative | singular | plural |
first-person | — | бу́дьмо búdʹmo |
second-person | будь budʹ |
бу́дьте búdʹte |
past tense | singular | plural ми / ви / вони |
masculine я / ти / він |
був buv |
були́ bulý |
feminine я / ти / вона |
була́ bulá | |
neuter воно |
було́ buló |
Derived terms
[edit]Prefixed verbs
Further reading
[edit]- Hrinchenko, Borys, editor (1924), “бу́ти”, in Словарь української мови [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language][2] (in Russian), volumes 1: А – Н, Berlin: Ukrainske Slowo, page 158
- Rusanivskyi, V. M., editor (2010), “бу́ти”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1 (а – бязь), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN
Categories:
- Ukrainian terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ukrainian terms with audio pronunciation
- Ukrainian lemmas
- Ukrainian verbs
- Ukrainian imperfective verbs
- Ukrainian terms with usage examples
- Ukrainian auxiliary verbs
- Ukrainian terms with quotations