χολή

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• χόλος (khólos)

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *kʰolā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰolh₃-éh₂, from *ǵʰelh₃-. Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬁𐬭𐬀 (zāra, “gall”), Latin helvus (“honey-yellow”), Sanskrit हरि (hári, “yellow, tawny”), Persian زر (zar, “gold”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /kʰo.lɛ̌ː/ → /xoˈli/ → /xoˈli/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kʰo.lɛ̌ː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /kʰoˈle̝/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /xoˈli/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /xoˈli/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /xoˈli/

Noun

χολή • (kholḗ) f (genitive χολῆς); first declension

1. gall, bile
2. (in the plural) gall bladder
3. bitterness, wrath, anger
4. disgust, aversion

Inflection

First declension of ἡ χολή; τῆς χολῆς (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ χολή hē kholḗ	τὼ χολᾱ́ tṑ kholā́	αἱ χολαί hai kholaí
Genitive	τῆς χολῆς tês kholês	τοῖν χολαῖν toîn kholaîn	τῶν χολῶν tôn kholôn
Dative	τῇ χολῇ têi kholêi	τοῖν χολαῖν toîn kholaîn	ταῖς χολαῖς taîs kholaîs
Accusative	τὴν χολήν tḕn kholḗn	τὼ χολᾱ́ tṑ kholā́	τᾱ̀ς χολᾱ́ς tā̀s kholā́s
Vocative	χολή kholḗ	χολᾱ́ kholā́	χολαί kholaí
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• πῐκρόχολος (pikrókholos)

Descendants

• Greek: χολή (cholí)
• → Old French: colle

References

• “χολή”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “χολή”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• χολή in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• G5521 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • anger idem, page 29.
  • bile idem, page 78.
  • choler idem, page 131.
  • gall idem, page 352.
  • gall-bladder idem, page 352.
  • gorge idem, page 367.
  • indignation idem, page 433.
  • ire idem, page 459.
  • passion idem, page 597.
  • rage idem, page 668.
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
• “χολή”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011

Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek χολή (kholḗ), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰolh₃éh₂ (“gall, bile”), from the root *ǵʰelh₃- (“yellow-green”). Cognate with Persian زهره (zahre, “gall”), English gall.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xoˈli/

Noun

χολή • (cholí) f (plural χολές)

1. gall, bile
2. (colloquial) gall bladder
3. (figuratively) bitterness, wrath, anger, bile

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	χολή (cholí)	χολές (cholés)
genitive	χολής (cholís)	χολών (cholón)
accusative	χολή (cholí)	χολές (cholés)
vocative	χολή (cholí)	χολές (cholés)

Further reading

• χολή on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^el
• χολή, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language