View source for severe

{{also|Severe|sévère}}
==English==

===Etymology===
{{root|en|ine-pro|*seǵʰ-}}
From {{uder|en|frm|-}}, from {{der|en|la|severus|t=severe, serious, grave in demeanor}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/sɪˈvɪə/|a=UK}}
*: {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Back ache-severe.wav|a=UK}}
* {{IPA|en|/sɪˈvɪɹ/|a=US}}
*: {{audio|en|en-us-severe.ogg|a=US}}
* {{IPA|en|/sɪˈviːɹ/|/-vɪɹ/|a=CA}}
* {{rhymes|en|ɪə(ɹ)|s=2}}

===Adjective===
{{en-adj|er|more}}

# Very [[bad]] or [[intense]].
#: {{ant|en|mild|minor}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1934|title=Your Germs and Mine|page=295
|passage=In the '''severer''' cases of hookworm the patient sometimes has an appetite for soil, paper, hair, clay, chalk, starch, and other unpalatables.}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1973|author=w:Oliver Sacks|title=w:Awakenings
|passage=Parkinsonism, at its '''severest''', presents itself as an akinetic amimia (as opposed to certain cortical disorders which are amimic akinesias).}}
#* {{quote-journal
|1=en
|date=2012-01
|author=Donald Worster
|title=A Drier and Hotter Future
|volume=100
|issue=1
|page=70
|magazine=w:American Scientist
|url=http://www.americanscientist.org/bookshelf/pub/a-drier-and-hotter-future
|passage=Phoenix and Lubbock are both caught in '''severe''' drought, and it is going to get much worse. We may see many such [dust] storms in the decades ahead, along with species extinctions, radical disturbance of ecosystems, and intensified social conflict over land and water. Welcome to the Anthropocene, the epoch when humans have become a major geological and climatic force.
|accessdate=12 May 2013
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126223603/http://www.americanscientist.org/bookshelf/pub/a-drier-and-hotter-future
|archivedate=26 January 2012
}}
# [[strict|Strict]] or [[harsh]].
#: {{ant|en|lenient}}
#: {{ux|en|a '''severe''' taskmaster}}
# [[sober|Sober]], [[plain]] in [[appearance]], [[austere]].
#: {{ux|en|a '''severe''' old maiden aunt}}
#: {{ux|en|'''severe''' clothing}}

====Synonyms====
{{top3}}
* {{l|en|brutal}}
* {{l|en|extreme}}
* {{l|en|hard}}
* {{l|en|harsh}}
* {{l|en|intense}}
* {{l|en|rigorous}}
* {{l|en|serious}}
* {{l|en|heavy}}
{{bottom}}

====Derived terms====
{{col3|en|severe combined immunodeficiency|severe gale
|{{l|en|severely|pos=adv}}
|{{l|en|severity|pos=n}}|severe clear
|{{l|en|severeness|pos=n}}
|severe acute respiratory syndrome|severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome|severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|very bad or intense}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|ծանր}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|суро́вы}}, {{t+|be|цяжкі́}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|суро́в}}, {{t+|bg|жесток}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|嚴重|tr=yánzhòng}}
* Danish: {{t+|da|hård}}, {{t+|da|stærk}}, {{t|da|voldsom}}, {{t|da|kras}}
* Faroese: {{t|fo|harðligur}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|ankara}}, {{t+|fi|vakava}}, {{t+|fi|raju}}, {{t+|fi|tuima}}, {{t+|fi|kova}}
* French: {{t+|fr|grave}}, {{t+|fr|sévère}}
* Galician: {{t|gl|severo|m}}
* Gothic: {{t|got|𐌰𐌱𐍂𐍃}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|σφοδρός|m}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|חָמוּר|m|tr=khamur}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|komoly}}, {{t+|hu|súlyos}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|harkalegur}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|parah}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|anróiteach}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|rigido}}, {{t+|it|duro}}, {{t+|it|grave}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|酷い|tr=ひどい, hidoi}}
* Latvian: {{t|lv|nopietns}}, {{t|lv|ārkārtējs}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|pākaha}} {{qualifier|of pain or discomfort}}, {{t|mi|tārū}} {{qualifier|of pain}}, {{t|mi|kakawa}} {{qualifier|Of weather, terrain etc. }}
* Middle English: {{t|enm|sad}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t|nb|hard}}, {{t+|nb|krass}}, {{t|nb|brysk}}, {{t|nb|ublid}}, {{t+|nb|voldsom}}
*: Nynorsk: {{t|nn|hard}}, {{t|nn|krass}}, {{t|nn|brysk}}, {{t|nn|ublid}}
* Occitan: {{t+|oc|sevèr}}, {{t+|oc|estricte}}
* Old East Slavic: {{t|orv|суровъ}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|سخت|tr=saxt}}, {{t+|fa|شدید|tr=šadid}}, {{t|fa|ستهم|tr=setahm}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|poważny}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|severo}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|суро́вый}}, {{t+|ru|тяжёлый}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|severo}}, {{t+|es|grave}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|hård}}, {{t+|sv|skarp}}, {{t+|sv|kärv}}, {{t+|sv|brysk}}, {{t+|sv|våldsam}}
* Tibetan: {{t|bo|ཚབས་ཆེན་པོ}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|суво́рий}}, {{t+|uk|тяжки́й}}, {{t+|uk|лю́тий}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|strict or harsh}}
* Basque: {{t|eu|zorrotz}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|суро́вы}}, {{t|be|стро́гі}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|строг}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|嚴厲|tr=yánlì}}
* Danish: {{t|da|streng}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|streng}}
* Esperanto: {{t+|eo|severa}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|ankara}}, {{t+|fi|vaikea}}
* French: {{t+|fr|sévère}}
* Galician: {{t|gl|severo}}, {{t+|gl|duro}}, {{t|gl|estrito}}
* German: {{t+|de|streng}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|αυστηρός|m}}, {{t+|el|άτεγκτος|m}}, {{t+|el|βαρύς}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|קָשֶׁה|m|tr=kashé}}, {{t|he|קָשׁוּחַ|m|tr=kashúakh}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|szigorú}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|duro}}, {{t+|it|severo}}, {{t+|it|rigido}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|厳しい|tr=きびしい, kibishii}}
* Latin: {{t|la|tētricus}}
* Latvian: {{t|lv|bargs}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|kakawa}}
* Middle English: {{t|enm|stith}}
* Occitan: {{t+|oc|estricte}}, {{t+|oc|sevèr}}
* Old English: {{t|ang|āfor}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|srogi}}, {{t+|pl|surowy}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|duro}}, {{t+|pt|rígido}}, {{t+|pt|severo}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|суро́вый}}, {{t+|ru|стро́гий}}, {{t+|ru|жёсткий}}
* Sanskrit: {{t+|sa|कठोर}}, {{t+|sa|दारुण}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|severo}}
* Tibetan: {{t|bo|དྲག་པོ}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|суво́рий}}, {{t|uk|стро́гий}}
* Volapük: {{t+|vo|sevärik}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|austere}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|прост}}, {{t+|bg|неукрасен}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|vakava}}, {{t+|fi|karu}}
* French: {{t+|fr|sévère}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|austero}}, {{t|gl|severo}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|αυστηρός|m}}, {{t+|el|λιτός|m}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|austero}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|渋い|tr=しぶい, shibui}}
* Occitan: {{t+|oc|sevèr}}, {{t+|oc|austèr}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|surowy}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|austero}}, {{t+|pt|severo}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|стро́гий}}, {{t+|ru|суро́вый}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|severo}}, {{t+|es|austero}}
* Tibetan: {{t|bo|དཀའ་ཐུབ་དྲག་པོ}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{checktrans-top}}
* Arabic: {{t-check|ar|قاس|tr=qá:si}}
* Dutch: {{t+check|nl|streng}}
* French: {{t+check|fr|sévère}}
* Icelandic: {{t+check|is|strangur}}
* Irish: {{t-check|ga|aithrinneach}}, {{t-check|ga|amhnas}}
* Italian: {{t+check|it|severo}}
* Korean: {{t-check|ko|엄격한}}
* Swedish: {{t+check|sv|sträng}}
* Telugu: {{t+check|te|తీవ్రమైన}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:Webster 1913}}
* {{R:Century 1911}}
* {{R:OneLook}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=eeersv|Reeves|everse|reeves|servee}}

==Esperanto==

===Pronunciation===
{{eo-IPA}}

===Adverb===
{{eo-head}}

# [[severely]]

====Related terms====
* {{l|eo|severa}}

==Italian==

===Pronunciation===
{{it-pr|sevère}}

===Adjective===
{{head|it|adjective form}}

# {{adj form of|it|severo||f|p}}

==Latin==

===Pronunciation===
* {{la-IPA|ann=1|sevēre}}
* {{la-IPA|ann=1|sēvēre}}

===Adjective===
{{head|la|adjective form|head=sevēre}}

# {{inflection of|la|sevērus||voc|m|s}}

===Verb===
{{head|la|verb form|head=sēvēre}}

# {{inflection of|la|serō||3|p|perf|actv|indc}}

===References===
* {{R:L&S}}
* {{R:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:Gaffiot}}

==Serbo-Croatian==

===Noun===
{{sh-noun-form}}

# {{inflection of|sh|sever||voc|s}}