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Tasmanian Labor Party

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Tasmanian Labor Party
Australian Labor Party (Tasmanian Branch)
LeaderDean Winter
Deputy LeaderAnita Dow
SecretaryStuart Benson[1]
FoundedJune 1903; 121 years ago (1903-06)
Headquarters63 Salamanca Place, Battery Point, Hobart, Tasmania
Youth wingTasmanian Young Labor
Women's wingLabor Women's Network
LGBT wingRainbow Labor
IdeologySocial democracy
Political positionCentre-left
National affiliationAustralian Labor
Colours  Red
House of Assembly
10 / 35
Legislative Council
3 / 15
House of Representatives
2 / 5
(Tasmanian seats)
Senate
4 / 12
(Tasmanian seats)
Website
taslabor.com
Seats in local government
Burnie City
3 / 9
Clarence City
2 / 12
Derwent Valley
1 / 8
Hobart City
1 / 12
Huon Valley
1 / 9
Spring Bay
1 / 8

The Tasmanian Labor Party, officially known as the Australian Labor Party (Tasmanian Branch) and commonly referred to simply as Tasmanian Labor, is the Tasmanian branch of the Australian Labor Party.[2] It has been one of the most successful state Labor parties in Australia in terms of electoral success.[3]

Following the 2024 Tasmanian State Election, the party is led by Franklin MP Dean Winter, and since 2014, has formed the official opposition in Tasmania.[4]

The party is currently represented in Parliament by the Winter Shadow ministry.

History

[edit]

Late beginnings: until 1903

[edit]

The Labor Party came into existence in Tasmania later than in the mainland states, in part due to the weak state of nineteenth-century Tasmanian trade unionism compared to the rest of the country. The two main Trades and Labor Councils, in Hobart and Launceston, were badly divided along north–south lines, and were always small; they collapsed altogether in 1897 (Hobart) and 1898 (Launceston). Denis Murphy attributes the poor state of the unions to a number of factors, including a more conservative workforce, divisions between various groups of workers, the smaller nature of Tasmanian industry, heavy penalties directed against a prominent early union leader, Hugh Kirk, and a lack of job security for the miners on the north-west coast. Unofficial pro-Labor candidates contested parliamentary seats from 1886. Allan MacDonald was elected at the 1893 election and has been regarded as Tasmania's first Labor member, but was not himself a worker and in any case was shortly forced to retire due to ill-health. Numerous other candidates from liberal or democratic leagues were elected, but often showed little regard for workers' issues.[5]

As a result of these issues, there was no state Labor Party by the time of Federation, and as such there was no formal Labor campaign in Tasmania at the 1901 federal election.[6] King O'Malley was elected as an independent in the House of Representatives, and David O'Keefe was elected to the Senate endorsed by the Protectionist Party. O'Keefe joined the Labor Party when parliament sat for the first time, and O'Malley arrived unpledged but joined in June after the anti-Labor parties refused to support his idea for a Commonwealth Bank.[7][8] George Mason Burns, secretary of the Queenstown branch of the Amalgamated Miners' Association, convened a small conference in September 1901, chaired by future Premier John Earle, which drew up a moderate Labor platform, and a Political Labor League formed on the north-west coast. However, there was understood to be no Labor organisation in Tasmania as late as 1902.[9][5]

Forming a parliamentary party: 1903–1906

[edit]

By 1903, a Labor campaign for the 1903 state election started to take shape with a view to forming a parliamentary party. The need to form a national Labor Party saw various mainland Labor Party figures visiting the state to build support, and a visit by the British trade unionist Tom Mann led to the formation of a Hobart Workers' Political League. Pre-election votes were taken to determine Labor candidates in the four seats of the north-west coast, and candidates signed a pledge to support a platform. Murphy describes this campaign as heavily dependent on interstate support and offering little more than the Liberals on policy.[9][10][11] Three Labor candidates won seats at the election: Burns, James Long and William Lamerton, and formed the first Labor caucus in state parliament.[12][5]

The first Labor Party conference was held in June 1903, and future Premier John Earle became the first party president.[13] A fourth MP, Jens Jensen, took the Labor pledge at the conference. The new branch faced further problems due to the need to campaign for the 1903 federal election in December, a campaign which suffered from severe financial difficulties and sluggish organising. O'Malley was re-elected, but Labor candidates for the Senate and the seat of Denison were defeated.[14][15] The support of Lamerton, a former mine manager, was described by The Mercury as "equivocal"; he drifted away from the party in their first term and became an opponent.[5]

Earle leadership: 1906–1917

[edit]

The party continued to struggle organisationally and financially, but a more determined campaign, again featuring strong interstate support, saw the party return seven MPs at the 1906 state election. Earle was elected as the first Tasmanian Labor leader after the election, Labor having declined to elect a leader during their first term. Labor suffered a blow when O'Keefe was defeated in the Senate at the 1906 federal election, and lost further votes at the 1909 state election—at which, however, they increased their MPs to twelve out of thirty due to the introduction of the Hare-Clark electoral system. Earle would form Tasmania's first Labor government on 20 October, after a no-confidence motion ousted the anti-Labor fusion government of Elliott Lewis. Jensen, Long and James Ogden were appointed to Earle's ministry, but the new government, lacking a majority, was ousted after only seven days.[5]

Earle remained Labor leader in opposition, and assumed the Premiership in 1914 in a minority government with the support of independent Joshua Whitsitt, but his government was defeated at the 1916 Tasmanian state election in April 1916. Among the government's achievements were the establishment of the state's Hydro-Electric Department (now Hydro Tasmania).[3] Earle continued as Opposition Leader until November that year, when he quit the leadership and the party as part of the Australian Labor Party split of 1916 split over conscription. His deputy, Joseph Lyons, assumed the leadership in the wake of the party split and Earle's departure.[16][17]

Lyons leadership: 1917–1929

[edit]

Labor could not return to power in the 1922 election, but Lyons became Premier the following year after the disintegration of the Nationalist Party administration, and he led Labor to a majority in the 1925 election. Lyons' premiership saw him abandon radicalism in favour of pragmatism, and was able to secure a reasonable level of finance from the federal government. He also managed to obtain approval from the state's Administrator for a budget which had been blocked by the Tasmanian Legislative Council, although the Council retained its right to block supply in the subsequent constitutional settlement. Lyons and Labor were defeated in the 1928 election.[3]

Ogilvie leadership: 1929–1939

[edit]

Former state Attorney-General Albert Ogilvie succeeded Lyons as Labor leader in the circumstances of Tasmania being badly affected by the Great Depression. Ogilvie initially struggled to make an impact, flirting with Lang Labor, briefly disaffiliating from the federal party and suffering a defeat in the 1931 election. However, he led Labor back into government in the 1934 election, and proceeded to embark on a programme of public works and reversing budget cuts, securing the party a landslide win in the 1937 election and helping to set the stage for a 35 year period of unbroken Labor rule in Tasmania from 1934 to 1969. Ogilvie died whilst still in office in 1939.[3]

Dwyer-Gray, Cosgrove, and Brooker leaderships: 1939–1958

[edit]

Ogilvie was briefly succeeded by Edmund Dwyer-Gray, who served a six-month stint as Premier before handing over to Robert Cosgrove, a grocer who dominated the state's politics for 19 years, save for a brief interruption when he was put on trial on corruption charges, when he was replaced by Edward Brooker. Although Labor and the Liberals were often finely balanced in the 30-member House of Assembly, Cosgrove was able to secure governing majorities through his skillful handling of independent members, before expanding the number of House members to 35. A devout Catholic, Cosgrove was also able to minimise the Tasmanian impact of the Australian Labor Party split of 1955 over attitudes towards the influence of the Communist Party in the trade union movement.[3]

Reece leadership: 1958–1975

[edit]

Cosgrove's successor, Eric Reece, emphasized economic development and the expansion of hydroelectricity production during his premiership. He suffered a surprise defeat in the 1969 election, ending Labor's 35-year run in office in Tasmania. Although he was able to lead the party back into government at the next election in 1972, he stepped down from office in 1975.[3]

Neilson, Lowe, Holgate, and Batt leaderships: 1975–1989

[edit]

Reece's replacement, Bill Neilson, had to deal with the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis leading to the fall of Prime Minister Gough Whitlam, as well as the struggle between the state and federal parties regarding the expulsion of right-winger Brian Harradine. Neilson's tenure as leader also saw democratisation and reform of the party, with the elimination of bogus branches and the establishment of the state council to replace the old state conference, leading to the rise of the Broad Left faction which then controlled the party for a decade. Neilson led the party to victory in the 1976 election but then retired, being succeeded by the younger Doug Lowe. Lowe secured a comfortable victory for Labor in the 1979 election, but his premiership was undone by the Franklin Dam controversy when his attempt to backtrack on the proposal by proposing an alternative location for the dam further up the Gordon River alienated both left-wing unions and the conservative Legislative Council.[3]

Going into the 1982 Tasmanian state election in May 1982, the Labor Party had lost its majority and faced bitter internal divisions, with former leader and Premier Lowe sitting on the crossbench as an independent and heavily critical of his successor Harry Holgate. Ken Wriedt, former federal Minister for Foreign Affairs during the Whitlam government, announced his candidacy for state parliament and was immediately talked about as a potential Premier in the event of a close election if Holgate was unable to secure a majority due to his hostile relationship with the crossbench.[18] Labor lost the election badly, but Wriedt was elected to the House of Assembly with a far higher personal vote than Holgate and was immediately touted as a potential successor.[19] Days later, Holgate announced that he would stand down as leader and Wriedt was elected unopposed as his successor, becoming Opposition Leader.[20][21]

The Labor Party was again defeated at the 1986 Tasmanian state election, performing poorly and failing to regain any seats it had lost in 1982. Wriedt stepped down following the election loss, and Neil Batt, a former Deputy Premier under Lowe and national president of the party, was elected unopposed to replace him.[22][23]

Field leadership: 1988–1997

[edit]

In December 1988, deputy leader Michael Field ousted Batt, who had been lagging in the polls, as party leader in a closely divided 8-7 leadership spill.[24] Field led Labor into the 1989 Tasmanian state election, at which they won less seats than the governing Liberal Party, but were able to oust them to form minority government with the support of the Tasmanian Greens in an agreement known as the Accord. After a term in which the new government faced an economic recession and a fraught relationship with the Greens, the Field government was soundly defeated at the 1992 Tasmanian state election.[25] Field remained Leader of the Opposition until 1997, when he decided to leave politics entirely.[26]

Bacon, Lennon, Bartlett, and Giddings leaderships: 1997–2014

[edit]

Jim Bacon, a former secretary of the Tasmanian Trades & Labor Council, assumed the Labor and Opposition leadership from Field in 1997. He led the party back into government, winning the 1998 Tasmanian state election, after campaigning against the privatisation of Hydro Tasmania which had been proposed by the Liberals, and being returned in a landslide at the 2002 Tasmanian state election.[27][28][3] However, Bacon was diagnosed with inoperable lung cancer and resigned from politics in February 2004, dying in June that year.[29][28] Bacon's deputy, Paul Lennon, assumed the leadership after Bacon's resignation and led the party to a third term at the 2006 Tasmanian state election, but resigned in May 2008 amidst poor polling.[28]

David Bartlett succeeded Lennon as Premier and Labor leader and led the party to a tied result at the 2010 Tasmanian state election, with Labor losing their majority. He continued as Premier after the election in a minority government with the support of the Tasmanian Greens, but resigned in May 2011 and was succeeded by his deputy, Lara Giddings. Giddings led the party in government until their defeat at the 2014 Tasmanian state election.[28]

Opposition: 2014–present

[edit]

Giddings resigned after Labor and the Greens lost government at the 2014 election and long-serving minister and former deputy leader Bryan Green assumed the Labor leadership in opposition.[30] After consistently trailing the Liberal government of Will Hodgman in the polls, Green abruptly resigned from the leadership and from parliament in March 2017. He was succeeded as Labor and Opposition Leader by Rebecca White, who led Labor to a narrow election loss at the 2018 Tasmanian state election, winning 3 seats back and reducing the Liberals to the smallest possible majority.[31][32]

After losing the 2021 election, White and her deputy Michelle O'Byrne stood down from their leadership positions. Michelle's brother David O'Byrne defeated Shane Broad in a ballot to succeed White, but resigned as leader after less than a month following allegations of historical sexual harassment. White was then re-elected as leader.[33]

In July 2022, the ALP National Executive assumed control over the operations of the Tasmanian branch, with the state conference and administrative committee placed into suspension and former senators Doug Cameron and Nick Sherry appointed as administrators. ALP national secretary Paul Erickson stated that the National Executive had intervened for the purposes of "improving the culture of the branch, reinstating trust, respect, transparency and a party-first approach to internal decision-making".[34]

After the 2024 Tasmanian state election, party leader Rebecca White announced she was stepping down from the position after three consecutive election losses for the party.[35] White was succeeded as leader by Franklin MP Dean Winter, with Anita Dow continuing as Deputy.[4]

Parliamentary leaders

[edit]

The following people have served as parliamentary leader of the Labor Party in Tasmania:[36][37]

# Leader Term start Term end Time in office Premier
1 John Earle 30 May 1906[38] 2 November 1916 10 years, 156 days Yes (1909, 1914–1916)
2 Joseph Lyons 2 November 1916[39] 22 October 1919 2 years, 354 days No
3 James Ogden 22 October 1919[40] 2 August 1920 285 days No
(2) Joseph Lyons 2 August 1920[41] 15 October 1929 9 years, 74 days Yes (1923–1928)
4 Albert Ogilvie 15 October 1929[42] 10 June 1939† 9 years, 238 days Yes (1934–1939)
5 Edmund Dwyer-Gray 6 July 1939[43] 18 December 1939 165 days Yes (1939)
6 Robert Cosgrove 18 December 1939[44] 15 December 1947 7 years, 362 days Yes (1934–1947)
7 Edward Brooker 15 December 1947[45] 25 February 1948 72 days Yes (1947–1948)
(6) Robert Cosgrove 25 February 1948[46] 25 August 1958 10 years, 181 days Yes (1948–1958)
8 Eric Reece 25 August 1958[47] March 1975 16 years, 206 days (approx.) Yes (1958–1969, 1972–1975)
9 Bill Neilson March 1975[48] 9 November 1977 2 years, 235 days (approx.) Yes (1975–1977)
10 Doug Lowe 9 November 1977[49] 11 November 1981 4 years, 2 days Yes (1977–1981)
11 Harry Holgate 11 November 1981[50] 26 May 1982 196 days Yes (1981–1982)
12 Ken Wriedt 26 May 1982[51] 19 February 1986 3 years, 269 days No
13 Neil Batt 19 February 1986 14 December 1988 2 years, 299 days No
14 Michael Field 14 December 1988[52] 14 April 1997 8 years, 121 days Yes (1989–1992)
15 Jim Bacon 14 April 1997 21 March 2004 6 years, 342 days Yes (1998–2004)
16 Paul Lennon 21 March 2004 26 May 2008 4 years, 66 days Yes (2004–2008)
17 David Bartlett 26 May 2008 23 January 2011 2 years, 242 days Yes (2008–2011)
18 Lara Giddings 23 January 2011 31 March 2014 3 years, 67 days Yes (2011–2014)
19 Bryan Green 31 March 2014[53] 17 March 2017 2 years, 351 days No
20 Rebecca White 17 March 2017[54] 15 May 2021[55] 4 years, 109 days No
21 David O'Byrne 15 June 2021[56] 7 July 2021 22 days No
(20) Rebecca White 7 July 2021[33] 10 April 2024 2 years, 278 days No
(20) Dean Winter 10 April 2024 Incumbent 257 days No

Election results for Legislative Assembly

[edit]
Election Leader Seats ± Votes % ±% Position
1903 John Earle
3 / 35
 Increase3 2,516 10.59% Crossbench
1906
7 / 35
 Increase4 10,583 26.54% Increase0.8% Crossbench
1909
12 / 30
 Increase5 19,067 38.94% Increase6.8% Minority government
Opposition (from 27 Oct 1909)
1912
14 / 30
 Increase2 33,634 45.52% Increase6.58% Opposition
1913
14 / 30
 Steady0 31,633 46.00% Increase0.48% Opposition
Minority government (from 6 Apr 1914)
1916
14 / 30
 Steady0 36,118 48.47% Increase2.47% Opposition
1919 Joseph Lyons
13 / 30
 Decrease1 28,286 41.44% Decrease7.03% Opposition
1922
12 / 30
 Decrease1 24,956 36.74% Decrease4.70% Opposition
Minority government (from 25 Oct 1923)
1925
16 / 30
 Increase4 36,631 48.47% Increase11.73% Majority government
1928
14 / 30
 Decrease2 41,829 47.15% Decrease1.32% Opposition
1931 Albert Ogilvie
10 / 30
 Decrease4 38,030 34.92% Decrease12.23% Opposition
1934
14 / 30
 Increase4 53,454 45.78% Increase10.85% Minority government
1937
18 / 30
 Increase4 71,263 58.67% Increase12.89% Majority government
1941 Robert Cosgrove
20 / 30
 Increase2 75,544 62.59% Increase3.92% Majority government
1946
16 / 30
 Decrease4 65,843 50.97% Decrease11.63% Majority government
1948
15 / 30
 Decrease1 70,476 49.38% Decrease1.59% Minority government
1950
15 / 30
 Steady0 70,976 48.63% Decrease0.75% Minority government
1955
15 / 30
 Steady0 82,362 52.63% Increase4.00% Minority government
1956
15 / 30
 Steady0 80,096 50.27% Decrease2.36% Minority government
1959 Eric Reece
17 / 35
 Increase2 71,535 44.50% Decrease5.77% Minority government
1964
19 / 35
 Increase2 90,631 51.32% Increase6.82% Majority government
1969
17 / 35
 Decrease2 90,278 47.68% Decrease3.64% Opposition
1972
21 / 35
 Increase4 108,910 54.93% Increase7.25% Majority government
1976 Bill Neilson
18 / 35
 Decrease3 123,386 52.48% Decrease2.45% Majority government
1979 Doug Lowe
20 / 35
 Increase2 129,973 54.32% Increase1.84% Majority government
1982 Harry Holgate
14 / 35
 Decrease6 92,184 36.86% Decrease17.46% Opposition
1986 Ken Wriedt
14 / 35
 Steady0 90,003 35.14% Decrease1.72% Opposition
1989 Michael Field
13 / 35
 Decrease1 94,809 34.71% Increase0.43% Minority government
1992
11 / 35
 Decrease2 82,296 28.85% Decrease5.86% Opposition
1996
14 / 35
 Increase3 119,260 40.47% Increase11.62% Opposition
1998 Jim Bacon
14 / 25
 Steady0 131,981 44.79% Increase4.32% Majority government
2002
14 / 25
 Steady0 153,798 51.88% Increase7.09% Majority government
2006 Paul Lennon
14 / 25
 Steady0 152,544 49.27% Decrease2.61% Majority government
2010 David Bartlett
10 / 25
 Decrease4 118,168 36.88% Decrease12.39% Minority government
2014 Lara Giddings
7 / 25
 Decrease3 89,130 27.33% Decrease9.55% Opposition
2018 Rebecca White
10 / 25
 Increase3 109,264 32.63% Increase5.30% Opposition
2021
9 / 25
 Decrease1 96,264 28.20% Decrease4.43% Opposition
2024
10 / 35
 Increase1 101,113 29.0% Increase0.8% Opposition

References

[edit]
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  4. ^ a b "Dean Winter elected as new leader of Tasmanian Labor Party". Pulse Tasmania. 10 April 2024. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
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  20. ^ "Holgate to step down". The Age. 21 May 1982. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
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  22. ^ "The triumph of provincialism". The Age. 10 February 1986. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
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  24. ^ "Tas ALP dumps flagging leader". Sydney Morning Herald. 15 December 1988. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  25. ^ "Accord and discord: An oral history of the Field government". The Examiner. 11 February 2018. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  26. ^ "Michael Field". The Companion to Tasmanian History. University of Tasmania. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  27. ^ "The Companion to Tasmanian History". University of Tasmania. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
  28. ^ a b c d "Tasmania's Labor generation comes to an end". The Mercury. 14 March 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
  29. ^ "Bacon stands down as Tassie premier". Sydney Morning Herald. 23 February 2004. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
  30. ^ "Bryan Green takes on Tasmanian Labor leadership after Lara Giddings resigns". ABC News. 1 April 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
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  33. ^ a b "Rebecca White returned as Tasmanian Labor leader after David O'Byrne's resignation". ABC News. 7 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2021.
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  35. ^ "'Time for me to move on': Rebecca White resigns as Tasmanian Labor leader". ABC News. 26 March 2024. Retrieved 6 April 2024.
  36. ^ "Leaders of the Tasmanian Parliamentary Labor Party". Members of the Parliament of Tasmania. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
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  39. ^ "State Labour Party". The Mercury. 3 November 1916.
  40. ^ "The Labor Party". Launceston Daily Telegraph. 23 October 1919.
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  43. ^ "Mr Dwyer-Gray remains premier". The Mercury. 7 July 1939.
  44. ^ "Premiership of Tasmania changes hands". Launceston Examiner. 19 December 1939.
  45. ^ "Resignation of Cosgrove Government to-day". Burnie Advocate. 18 December 1947.
  46. ^ "Mr. Cosgrove Reinstated As Premier". Burnie Advocate. 26 February 1948.
  47. ^ "Mr. Cosgrove Resigns From House". Canberra Times. 26 August 1958.
  48. ^ "The torch passes on in Tasmanian politics". Canberra Times. 21 March 1975.
  49. ^ "Lowe will be youngest Premier". Canberra Times. 10 November 1977.
  50. ^ "Lowe ousted, quits party". Canberra Times. 12 November 1981.
  51. ^ "Holgate bows out in Hobart". Canberra Times. 12 November 1981.
  52. ^ "Tas Labor leader dumped by party". Canberra Times. 15 December 1988.
  53. ^ "Bryan Green takes on Tasmanian Labor leadership after Lara Giddings resigns". ABC News. 31 March 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
  54. ^ "Green out, White in for Tasmanian Labor, the ABC understands". ABC News. 17 March 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
  55. ^ "Rebecca White stands down as Tasmanian Labor leader, endorses David O'Byrne as successor". ABC News. 15 May 2021. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
  56. ^ Maloney, Matt (16 June 2021). "David O'Byrne will leader Labor after defeating Shane Broad". The Examiner. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
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