2023–24 European windstorm season
 Storm Ingunn, the strongest system of the season | |
| First storm formed | 25 September 2023 |
|---|---|
| Last storm dissipated | 24 August 2024 |
| Strongest storm1 | Storm Ingunn 941 hPa (27.79 inHg) |
| Strongest wind gust | Storm Ingunn 249 km/h (155 mph) at Landsverk weather station, Heltnin, Faroe Islands |
| Total storms | 44 |
| Total fatalities | 77 (2) |
| 1Strongest storm is determined by lowest pressure and maximum recorded non-mountainous wind gust is also included for reference. | |
The 2023–2024 European windstorm season was the ninth season of the European windstorm naming in Europe. The new season's storm names were announced on 1 September 2023. Storms that occur up until 31 August 2024 will be included in this season. This was the fifth season where the Netherlands participated (through KNMI), alongside the United Kingdom's Met Office and Ireland's Met Éireann in the western group. The Portuguese, Spanish, French and Belgian meteorological agencies collaborated for the seventh time, joined by Luxembourg's agency (Southwestern group). This is the third season where Greece, Israel and Cyprus (Eastern Mediterranean group), and Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Malta (Central Mediterranean group) named storms which affected their areas.
Background and naming
[edit]Definitions and naming conventions
[edit]There is no universal definition of what constitutes a windstorm in Europe, nor is there a universally accepted system of naming storms. For example, in the Western Group, consisting of the UK, Ireland, and the Netherlands, a storm is named if one of the meteorological agencies in those countries issues an orange warning (amber in the UK), which generally requires a likelihood of widespread sustained wind speeds greater than 65 km/h (40 mph), or widespread wind gust speeds over 110 km/h (70 mph). (Required wind speeds vary slightly by agency and by season.) Both the likelihood of impact and the potential severity of the system are considered when naming a storm.[1][2][3] The Southwest Group of Spain, Portugal, and France share a similar storm-naming scheme, though their names differ from those used by the Western Group.[4] In Greece, however, naming criteria were established for storms when the storm's forecast winds are above 50 km/h (30 mph) over land, with the wind expected to have a significant impact to infrastructures.[5] In Denmark, a windstorm must have an hourly average windspeed of at least 90 km/h (55 mph).[6]
The Meteorology Department of the Free University of Berlin (FUB) names all high and low pressure systems that affect Europe, though they do not assign names to any actual storms.[7] A windstorm that is associated with one of these pressure systems will at times be recognized by the name assigned to the associated pressure system by the FUB. Named windstorms that have been recognized by a European meteorological agency are described in this article.
Naming conventions used in Europe are generally based on conditions that are forecast, not conditions that have actually occurred, as public awareness and preparedness are often cited as the main purpose of the naming schemes–for example, a reference.[2] Therefore, an assignment of a storm name does not mean that a storm will actually develop.
Western Group (United Kingdom, Ireland and the Netherlands)
[edit]In 2015, the Met Office and Met Éireann announced a project to name storms as part of the "Name our Storms" project for windstorms and asked the public for suggestions. The meteorological offices produced a full list of names for 2015–2016 through 2017–2018, common to both the United Kingdom and Ireland, with the Netherlands taking part from 2019 onwards. Names in the United Kingdom will be based on the National Severe Weather Warning Service.
The following names were chosen for the 2023–2024 season in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and the Netherlands.[8] For a windstorm to be named, the United Kingdom's Met Office, Ireland's Met Eireann, or the Netherlands' Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) have to issue an amber weather warning, preferably for wind, but a storm can also be named for amber warnings of rain and snow (e.g. Storm Arwen in 2021).[9]
|
|
South-Western Group (France, Spain, Portugal, Belgium and Luxembourg)
[edit]This was the seventh year in which the meteorological agencies of France, Spain and Portugal named storms that affected their areas.[10]
|
|
|
Central Mediterranean Group (Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Malta)
[edit]The following names were chosen for the 2023–2024 season in Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Malta.[11]
|
|
|
Eastern Mediterranean Group (Greece, Israel and Cyprus)
[edit]The Eastern Mediterranean Group works slightly differently compared to other naming lists, instead of ending a season on the 31 August of that year, they end the season on the 30 September of that year. These are the names that were chosen for the 2023–24 season in Greece, Israel and Cyprus.[12]
|
|
|
|
Northern and North-Western Group (Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden)
[edit]This naming group, like the naming from the Free University of Berlin, does not use a naming list but names storms when it has not received a name by any other meteorological service in Europe and is projected to affect Denmark, Iceland, Norway or Sweden.
|
Central/FUB naming Group (Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary)
[edit]Like the Northern Group, the Free University of Berlin names storms based on low pressures across the continent and does not use a naming list. The storms listed below were strong enough or were anticipated to cause equal or more disruption than if it were named either by one of the other groups.
|
Season summary
[edit]
All storms named by European meteorological organisations in their respective forecasting areas, as well as Atlantic hurricanes that transitioned into European windstorms and retained the name assigned by the National Hurricane Center:
Storms
[edit]Storm Agnes (Kilian)
[edit]| Storm Agnes | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Area affected | Ireland, United Kingdom |
| Date of impact | 25–29 September 2023 |
| Maximum wind gust | 135 km/h (84 mph): Capel Curig, Wales: 27 September 2023 [13] |
| Lowest pressure | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) |
| Fatalities | 0 |
| Damage | Unspecified |
Storm Agnes was named by the UK's Met Office on 25 September 2023 and was forecast to bring strong winds and heavy rain to much of the UK and Ireland.[14] The storm, which was also named Kilian by the Free University of Berlin and the Deutscher Wetterdienst,[15] impacted the British Isles on 27 September.
Storm Babet (Viktor)
[edit]| Storm Babet | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Area affected | Spain, Portugal, France, Ireland, United Kingdom, Germany, Denmark, Sweden |
| Date of impact | 16–22 October 2023 |
| Maximum wind gust | 185 km/h (115 mph) at Cairn Gorm Summit, Scotland on 19 October 2023 |
| Lowest pressure | 976 hPa (28.82 inHg) |
| Fatalities | 15 (1) |
| Power outages | 55,000 (England), 27,000 (Scotland)[16] |
| Damage | Unspecified |
Storm Babet, which was named by the United Kingdom's Met Office on 16 October, and was named Viktor by the Free University of Berlin, affected large parts of western and northern Europe.[17][18] It first affected Portugal and southwestern Spain with strong winds, heavy rains and floods on 16–17 October, subsequently moving to northern Europe.[19] The Met Office issued several yellow rain and wind warnings for large parts of the UK, along with amber rain warnings for parts of northeastern England and Scotland.[20] A rare red weather warning was issued for eastern parts of Scotland.[21]
Met Éireann issued Yellow rain warnings for most of Ireland.[22] An orange rain warning for southwestern Ireland was also issued, and there was flooding in the south of the Island, especially the east of County Cork; Midleton was particularly badly hit.[23][24]
A rare red warning for rainfall was issued across portions of eastern Scotland by the Met Office on 19 October.[25] A wind gust of 124 km/h (77 mph) was registered at the coast in Inverbervie.[26] In the highlands, Cairn Gorm summit recorded a gust of 185 km/h (115 mph).[27] In Brechin, Scotland, residents were asked to evacuate their homes by the local council.[28]
In Denmark, southern Sweden and northern Germany, the wind caused some material damages, fallen trees and cancellations of ferries, trains and planes, but the most serious effect was a storm surge, with large amounts of seawater being pushed by the wind into the westernmost Baltic Sea and Danish straits (unlike floods in Great Britain, Ireland and the Iberian Peninsula that primarily were caused by heavy rain).[29][30][31] In parts of Denmark (southeastern Jutland, southern Funen, southern Zealand and smaller islands in the area) and Germany (eastern Schleswig-Holstein), it caused the highest floods in more than a century, with some places in Denmark having sea levels that were up to 2.39 m (7 ft 10 in) above normal and in the Germany up to 2.22 m (7 ft 3 in) above normal.[32][33][34] In certain, particularly exposed places, people were evacuated after levees broke and houses were flooded.[34][35] On the opposite, western side of Jutland and Schleswig-Holstein, the waters were forced away from the shore by the wind, with sea levels up to 3 m (9.8 ft) below normal, stranding boats and preventing several ferries from running because of insufficient water depths.[34][36][37] This flooding was unusual because it was caused by easterly winds and mainly impacted the westernmost Baltic Sea. In Denmark and Germany, large storm floods are most often caused by westerly stoms where the greatest impact is on the southeastern North Sea, which has coastlines that are far better protected by taller, more extensive levees and other systems.[38]
There were at least six recorded fatalities: a 57-year-old woman died after being swept into a river in Angus (Scotland), a 56-year-old man died after his van hit a tree near Forfar in Angus, a man in his 60s was killed after being swept away by flood waters near Cleobury Mortimer (England),[39][40] a 33-year-old woman was killed on the German island of Fehmarn when her car was hit by a falling tree,[34] and a woman in her 80s in Chesterfield died in floods. A man trapped in a vehicle in floodwater near the Aberdeenshire village of Marykirk was later found dead.[41]
Damage in Schleswig-Holstein was estimated to be 200 Million Euro.[42]
Storm Aline (Wolfgang)
[edit]| Storm Aline | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Area affected | Iberian Peninsula, Portugal, Spain, France, Jersey, Guernsey, Belgium, Switzerland, Italy |
| Date of impact | 18–27 October 2023 |
| Maximum wind gust | 146 km/h (90 mph), Quiberon, France, 20 October 2023[43] |
| Lowest pressure | 966 hPa (28.53 inHg) |
| Fatalities | 0 |
| Power outages | Unspecified |
| Damage | Unspecified |
Storm Aline was named by Spain's state weather forecast agency AEMET, while Wolfgang was the name given by the Free University of Berlin[44] both on 18 October 2023. The storm caused heavy rainfall across several parts of Spain and France. More than 20 flights were diverted from Málaga Airport and a gust of 100 km/h (60 mph) was reported in Cabrera.[45][46]
Storm Bernard (Xanthos)
[edit]| Storm Bernard | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Area affected | Morocco, Iberian Peninsula, France, United Kingdom, Portugal, Spain |
| Date of impact | 21–26 October 2023 |
| Lowest pressure | 986 hPa (29.12 inHg) |
| Fatalities | 2 |
| Power outages | Unspecified |
| Damage | Unspecified |
Storm Bernard was named by the Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA) on 22 October 2023, but the Free University of Berlin noticed and named this system, Xanthos, on 21 October 2023 instead.[47]
The system impacted Spain and Portugal prompting the issuance of yellow rain warnings.[48][49]
Storm Celine (Benj)
[edit]| Storm Celine | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Area affected | Portugal, Spain, France, Iberian Peninsula |
| Date of impact | 28 October – 3 November 2023 |
| Lowest pressure | 977 hPa (28.85 inHg) |
| Fatalities | 1 |
| Damage | Unspecified |
Storm Celine was named and reported on 28 October 2023 by the Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA), at around 1 pm local time that same afternoon. The cold front moved down south, causing heavy rain accompanied by thunderstorms. IPMA also predicted wind gusts as high as 90 km/h (55 mph) in the highlands and waves up to 6 m in height.[50]
The storm passed through central Portugal on 29 October. By 30 October, it had swept through southern Portugal and prompted yellow weather warnings for heavy rain in nine provinces in five autonomous communities in Spain.[51] Weather warning were issued in western France until 31 October.[52]
One death was reported, namely a 70-year-old woman was killed by a falling tree in France on 29 October.[53]
Storm Ciarán (Emir)
[edit]| Storm Ciarán | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Area affected | Ireland, United Kingdom, Benelux,[54] France,[55] Spain,[56] Czech Republic,[57] Italy,[58] Channel Islands |
| Date of impact | 29 October – 4 November 2023 |
| Maximum wind gust | 207 km/h (129 mph), Pointe du raz, France: 2 November 2023 |
| Lowest pressure | 951 hPa (28.08 inHg) |
| Fatalities | 15 [59][60][61] |
| Power outages | 1,305,000 |
| Damage | Unspecified |
Storm Ciarán was named by the United Kingdom's Met Office on 29 October, while the Free University of Berlin gave this system Emir on 30 October 2023. It was expected to bring winds of 90 to 120 km/h (56 to 75 mph) widely with > 130 km/h (80 mph) on some coasts. More heavy rainfall was expected to fall which would exacerbate the flooding from Storm Babet a week prior. A large yellow weather warning for rain and wind was placed for the South Wales, Devon and Cornwall, south coast and the east coast of East Anglia. In Cornwall, 4,000 properties were left without power.[62] In Devon, 250 schools were closed.[63] In Dorset, the Freshwater Beach Holiday Park at Burton Bradstock was destroyed. Other places in Dorset affected included Loders, Easton and West Bay.[64] A caravan park at Tenby in Wales was evacuated due to flooding.[65]
The Met Office stated Storm Ciarán was undergoing explosive cyclogenesis as of 1 November.[66] The storm especially affected the Isle of Jersey, where a freak thunderstorm created spawned an IF2.5/T6 tornado alongside the golf ball sized hail with windspeeds of the storm reaching around over 160 km/h (100 mph).[67][68] The southern coast of England and France were severely affected by the storm, with record wind gusts in France being reported around 208 km/h (129 mph).[69] The storm also caused flooding and huge waves.[70] An IF3 tornado also touched down in Bulgaria.[71]
In the Netherlands, an orange weather warning was given for the coastal provinces for high winds. Events were cancelled, including the Dutch Headwind Cycling Championships at the last minute due to safety. There was a lot of disruption due to cancelled flights and trains.[72] People were advised to work from home, and to not drive unless absolutely necessary.[73]
There were 15 fatalities as a result of the storm. A 46-year-old woman died in Germany when a tree fell on her.[74] There were two deaths in Belgium, a 5-year-old child and a 64-year-old woman from falling branches.[75] A 23-year-old woman died in Spain from a fallen tree.[76] In France two deaths were reported, including a 72-year-old man who was blown off his balcony.[77] And in the Netherlands a person was killed when a tree fell on their car.[78] As of 3 November 2023, six more died in Italy and one in Albania.[79]
Six people were killed during heavy rains in the region of Tuscany, Italy, with rivers flooding and causing damage. Several roads and highways are closed amid landslides. Severe damage also occurred in Campobasso, Molise, evacuations were being made in Veneto with highways being closed, and emergency calls occurred in Rome. In Sardinia, strong winds fueled fires that burned hectares of vegetation, while a man was killed in Capoterra, and in Tortolì an entire sawmill burned down.[80]
In total there were more than 1 million power outages, and in Cornwall around 4,000 properties were left without power.[81][82][83]
Storm Domingos (Fred)
[edit]| Storm Domingos | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Area affected | Portugal, Spain, France, United Kingdom, Ireland,[84] Belgium,Channel Islands (indirectly),[85] Iberia,[85] Andalusia,[86] Balearic Islands[87] |
| Date of impact | 3–5 November 2023 |
| Lowest pressure | 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) |
| Fatalities | 1[88] |
| Damage | Unspecified |
Storm Domingos was named and reported on 3 November 2023 by the Spanish Met Service (AEMET). The storm was subsequently named Fred by the Free University of Berlin on 4 November 2023 at 12:00 UTC. It was expected to bring strong winds to France, Spain and Portugal with wind warnings in force for parts of those countries. The United Kingdom had a yellow rain warning for the south coast, issued by the Met Office.
One death was reported; an employee from Enedis was killed in the French region of Brittany, on 5 November 2023.
Storm Elisa (Helmoe)
[edit]| Storm Elisa | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Area affected | France, Channel Islands, Ireland |
| Date of impact | 9–11 November 2023 |
| Lowest pressure | 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) |
| Damage | Unspecified |
Storm Elisa was identified by Météo-France on 9 November 2023,[89] while the Free University of Berlin named this system Helmoe the very next day.
Heavy rain was forecast to fall in northern France between Le Havre and Calais with 80–100 millimetres to fall in the region. This caused rivers to burst their banks causing some flooding with 20–50 more widely.[89] No deaths were recorded from Storm Elisa.
Storm Debi
[edit]| Storm Debi | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Area affected | Ireland, United Kingdom, Netherlands |
| Date of impact | 12–13 November 2023 |
| Maximum wind gust | 90 mph (140 km/h; 78 kn) at North Pennines, England[90] |
| Lowest pressure | 971 hPa (28.67 inHg) |
| Fatalities | 0[91] (1 injured by flying debris in County Limerick)[92] |
| Power outages | 100,000 [90] |
| Damage | Unspecified |
Storm Debi was identified by Met Éireann on 12 November 2023,[93] while the Free University of Berlin will not be issuing a name for this system as it neither impacted Denmark, Sweden nor Norway. It heavily impacted Ireland on 12 November (Sunday night), before it made its way to the United Kingdom on 13 November, (Monday morning).
Met Éireann placed in effect a red wind warning for 14 counties: Kerry, Limerick, Tipperary, Clare, east Galway, south Roscommon, Dublin, Kildare, Laois, Louth, Meath, Wicklow, Offaly, and Westmeath, and yellow and orange wind and rain warnings for the rest of the country.[94][95]
The Met Office issued a yellow wind warning for regions of East Midlands, North East England, North West England, Wales, West Midlands (region), Yorkshire, Humber, Midlands, Tayside, Fife and Grampian.
The Tornado and Storm Research Organization issued a tornado watch for much of Ireland, Wales, Midlands and East Anglia on Sunday evening, starting from midnight to midday Monday.[96]
On Monday morning 13 November, the storm reached the Netherlands.[97]
Storm Frederico (Linus)
[edit]| Storm Frederico | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Area affected | France, United Kingdom, Channel Islands, Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Turkey, Moldova, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Bulgaria, Israel, Cyprus, Syria, Georgia, Armenia |
| Date of impact | 15–21 November 2023 |
| Lowest pressure | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) |
| Fatalities | 2 (last confirmed information in Bulgaria) |
| Damage | Unspecified |
Storm Frederico was identified by Météo-France on 15 November 2023 around 17:50 CET as a new depression, and the Free University of Berlin announced on 16 November 2023 that this system will be named Linus. Météo-France predicted this system will travel from the Gulf of Saint-Malo towards north of Germany, morning of 16 November 2023 near the Channel Islands and by the night, strong gale will reach Provence and Corsica.[98] overnight with significant gusts between 110 km/h and 120 km/h (70 to 75 mph)[99]
The Met Office issued yellow rain warnings in association with the storm system for the south coast of England and Wales where flooding is possible.[100][101] It is also reported that Météo-France already placed 55 departments on yellow alert, including Île-de-France.[99]
The system then tracked through southeastern central parts of Europe bringing heavy rain and strong winds to the Balkans and southern Black Sea coasts such as Turkey. Orange and yellow wind and snow warnings were put up for parts of the Balkans particularly, Romania, Serbia and Bulgaria. The system brought heavy rain and some snowfall to western parts of Turkey. The eastern Mediterranean is forecast to also be impacted by Frederico, with yellow flood warnings for parts of Israel and a orange 'coastal event' warning issued. The storm moved out of Europe by 21 November 2023.
Storm Alexis
[edit]| Storm Alexis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Area affected | Italy (especially Sicily, Lampedusa, Pantelleria), Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Malta, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia |
| Date of impact | 22–24 November 2023 |
| Lowest pressure | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) |
| Fatalities | 0 |
| Power outages | Unspecified |
| Damage | Unspecified |
Though a weak and small system, Storm Alexis was assigned by the Italian Servizio Meteorologico, on 22 November 2023.[102] The storm was assigned for potential flash flooding due to heavy rain with orange warnings.[citation needed]
It was also predicted that Alexis would turn into an anticyclone by 24 November 2023, Friday.[103]
The national meteorological service predicted the arrival of cold air mass from Scandinavia, heading straight down for Central Mediterranean and the Balkans which would result in drastic temperature drop, especially countries on the Adriatic side.[103] This cold spell is also exacerbated by the formation and naming of the next storm, Storm Bettina.
Storm Bettina (Phil)
[edit]| Storm Bettina | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Area affected | Italy, Turkey, Greece, Ukraine, Moldova, Russia, Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Croatia, Crimea, Slovenia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania |
| Date of impact | 25–28 November 2023 |
| Lowest pressure | 967 hPa (28.56 inHg) |
| Fatalities | 22 |
| Power outages | >2,500,000 [104] |
| Damage | Unspecified |
Storm Bettina was assigned by the Servizio Meteorologico, the Italian Meteorological Service, as a cold plunge from northern Europe impacted much of the continent. The Free University of Berlin named this system Phil the next day on 26 November 2023.[105]
Up to 60 cm of snow was forecast for Ukraine and Romania with blizzards possible for parts of southern Europe. Many red and orange snow, rain, wind and ice warnings were force for many parts of south, central and southeastern parts of Europe. Red wind warnings were also in place for coastal parts of Croatia with orange and yellow wind warnings in force for parts of the Italian Peninsula as well as much of the Balkans much of Greece and the island of Sardinia. Turkey was also expected to see impacts from this system with a heavy band of rain with strong winds in association especially in the west and northwest of the country.
Multiple districts and municipalities in Bulgaria declared states of emergency on 26 November 2023 due to heavy snowfalls and strong winds causing severe traffic disruptions and widespread power outages to estimated 800,000 households in Bulgaria. By 27 November 2023, the country's meteorological agency issued Code Yellow warning for low temperatures to Blagoevgrad, Kyustendil, Pernik and Sofia while others were still in the Green.[106]
Currently, Storm Bettina claimed a total of 5 lives while 1 still missing. The storm also heavily impacted Crimea as one of the worse storms coming from the Black Sea
Storm Bettina claimed 2 lives in İzmir, Turkey; a 62-year-old man died in Konya on 25 November 2023 in his car and was swept away by a flash flood while trying to turn back. On 26 November 2023, a 58-year-old man died in Sinop while working at a construction site when the wall collapsed on him. He was taken to the hospital but could not be saved.[107]
The storm caused heavy snowfall and strong blizzards that lashed Eastern Europe over the weekend, forcing the closure of national roads. This is the first major cold snap that hit and spread across Romania and Moldova, prompting an emergency declaration in Bulgaria. The storm claimed the life of a 40-year-old man in Moldova on 26 November 2023 after his vehicle skidded off the road and crashed into a tree while two people in Bulgaria had died in traffic accidents and 36 were left injured during the stormy weather in the last 24 hours. At least 10 died and 23 were injured across Ukraine.[108][109]
Storm Bettina also caused power outages to about half a million residents in Crimea, forcing road closure between the villages of Metyevo and Trudovoy in the region of Saki, as well as between the village of Morskoye and the town of Sudak. This caused four people to be injured and another one is still missing after the heavy storm in Crimea.[110]
Storm Oliver
[edit]| Storm Oliver | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Area affected | Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Italy, Balkan Peninsula, Poland, Moldova, Ukraine, Baltics |
| Date of impact | 28–30 November 2023 |
| Lowest pressure | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) |
| Fatalities | 1 |
A new area of low pressure was named Oliver by Free University of Berlin on 28 November 2023 [111] for potential risk for further damage after Storm Bettina a few days prior. The storm is associated with the same cold plunge coming down from northern Europe and the Arctic so there are yellow and orange ice warnings issued for Germany and the Czech Republic, along with many orange wind warnings for parts of northern Italy and the Adriatic Sea coast of Croatia. There is also the threat of heavy flooding rainfall so there are a plethora of yellow rain warnings in place, especially for Croatia and orange snow warnings in Romania and Slovakia.[citation needed]
On 28 November 2023, Hellenic National Meteorological Service had declared and issued a Level 4 storm warning to the Ionian Islands and western parts of mainland Greece and the Peloponnese, which is just one notch below the highest storm grade for the region.[112]
The storm disrupted rescue efforts thus had claimed the life of one crew member while authorities managed to save another crew member after Storm Bettina caused a ship to sink. Greek rescuers on 26 November 2023 are still searching for 12 people missing after a ship sank in gale-force winds off the coast of Lesbos.[113]
Storm Oliver, on 29 November passed through central Ukraine bringing more disruptive winds as the storm exits to the north. Oliver dissipated by 30 November.[citation needed]
Storm Ciro
[edit]| Storm Ciro | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Area affected | Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, Switzerland, Croatia, Poland, Czech Republic |
| Date of impact | 30 November – 3 December 2023 |
| Lowest pressure | 989 hPa (29.21 inHg) |
Storm Ciro was identified and named by Servizio Meteorologico,[114] the Italian Meteorological Service for potential for flooding from heavy rain.
A red rain warning was in force for the regions of Liguria and Tuscany from 01:00 1 December – 18:00 2 December local time.[115] All northern and eastern regions, along with Sicily are under a red warning as a cold front passes through where disruption is likely.[115]
In a broad yellow rain warning has been issued for parts of Corsica and southern France from the west coast south of the Garonne going through to eastern central parts and the regions of Aude, Pyrénées-Orientales and Ariège (department) with a smaller orange warning for rain and possible avalanches and snow for Savoy and Upper Savoy as well as Hautes-Alpes and the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence.[116]
In Poland and the Czech Republic red snow and ice warnings were issued in response to the storm projected track and snowfall coverage extent. Meanwhile, a red extreme low temperature warning has been issued for central and eastern parts of Italy, including the regions of Molise, Abruzzi and Marches.[117]
Storm Elin (Vanja)
[edit]| Storm Elin | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Area affected | Ireland, United Kingdom |
| Date of impact | 9–10 December 2023 |
| Maximum wind gust | 130 km/h (81mph): Capel Curig, Wales |
| Lowest pressure | 976 hPa (28.82 inHg) |
Storm Elin was one out of the two storms that were named by Met Éireann on 9 December 2023. This first one was named in the early hours on 9 December 2023. The storm was subsequently named Vanja by the Free University of Berlin the next day on 10 December 2023[118]
The storm hit Ireland, generating gale-force winds and severe gusts which caused travel disruptions during Saturday. Orange wind warnings were already issued by Met Éireann for Wicklow, Dublin and County Donegal. Yellow wind warnings were also issued for County Clare, County Tipperary, County Cavan and County Monaghan[119]
Storm Elin then affected United Kingdom, where Met Office issued yellow rain warnings for Northern Ireland for County Antrim, County Down, County Tyrone and County Londonderry[119] There was also a broad yellow wind warning covering large parts Wales and the southwest of England to the coast of East Anglia where in parts 40–60 mph gusts were expected. Some areas in north Wales were forecast of 70+ mph.[120][121]
The Environment Agency had already issued 33 flood warnings for England, indicating potential flash flooding (including for the River Ouse, Yorkshire,[119] with 150 flood alerts in force.[122] As for Ireland, Met Éireann issued orange and yellow rain and wind warnings to 22 counties overnight in order to prepare for the upcoming storm on Sunday[123]
Storm Fergus (Walter)
[edit]| Storm Fergus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Area affected | Ireland, United Kingdom |
| Date of impact | 9–11 December 2023 |
| Maximum wind gust | 124 km/h (77 mph): Leeds, United Kingdom: 10 December 2023 |
| Lowest pressure | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) |
Storm Fergus was the second storm out of the two that were named by Met Éireann on 9 December 2023. This storm was named in the late morning on 9 December 2023[124] and named by the Free University of Berlin as Walter that same day.[118]
This storm affected Ireland and United Kingdom, with very strong offshore winds coupled with high waves and tides during Sunday for Ireland. Met Éireann has also predicted localized coastal flooding and wave overtopping as potential impacts by the storm.
Meanwhile, in preparation for Storm Fergus to make landfall, yellow wind warnings were issued for County Cavan, Dublin, County Kildare, County Longford, County Louth, County Meath, County Offaly, County Westmeath, County Leitrim, County Roscommon and County Sligo.[124] On top of the yellow warnings, orange wind warnings were already issued for County Clare, County Galway and County Mayo[123]
Storm Pia (Zoltan)
[edit]| Storm Pia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Area affected | Scandinavia, United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany & Austria |
| Date of impact | 20–22 December 2023 |
| Maximum wind gust | 185 km/h (115 mph) – Cairn Gorm summit, Scotland[125] |
| Lowest pressure | 958 hPa (28.29 inHg) |
| Fatalities | 6 (1 missing) |
Storm Pia was named by the Danish Meteorological Institute, a part of the Northern Group, on 20 December 2023. The Free University of Berlin named this system Zoltan.[111]
The storm impacted the United Kingdom, southern Scandinavia, the Netherlands, Belgium and northern Germany, causing major disruptions in holiday travel, with many cancelled ferries, trains and flights, closed bridges and roads that had to be cleared from fallen trees and turned over lorries, as well as thousands of homes losing power due to downed power lines and a storm surge that reached up to 3 m (9.8 ft) above the normal high tide mark.[126][127][128][129][130]
In Denmark, an 81-year-old man was killed when a car driving in the opposite direction swerved to avoid a fallen tree, resulting in a frontal collision with the elderly man's car.[131] In Belgium, a 63-year-old woman died when a 20 m (66 ft) Christmas tree fell on her at a market in Oudenaarde.[128] In the Netherlands, a 39 year old care worker died after being struck by a tree while riding a tandem bicycle.[132] In Germany, a 62-year-old man was killed by a falling fence.[133] In Austria, an 81-year-old man was killed by a falling tree.[134]
Strong Rainfall in combination with the Storm lead to widespread flooding in parts of Germany.[135] A sailing accident on the Elbe River in Saxony is believed to have been caused by gusty winds and high water Levels. One Person remains missing.[136] A 64-year-old man was found dead in Thuringia after he fell into the River Werra while working at a flood regulation gate.[137]
Storm Gerrit (Bodo)
[edit]| Storm Gerrit | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Area affected | Ireland, United Kingdom, Norway, France |
| Date of impact | 26–30 December 2023 |
| Maximum wind gust | 143 km/h (89 mph) – Fair Isle, Scotland[138] |
| Lowest pressure | 968 hPa (28.59 inHg) |
| Fatalities | 3 [139] |
Storm Gerrit was named by the Met Office on 26 December 2023.[140] The storm system was also named as Bodo by the Free University of Berlin.[141] The storm's wind, rain and snow have had a severe impact on the British Isles and Norway.
The storm's impact on travel was only increased by the fact that it had occurred over Boxing Day, a day when road travel was expected to be heavier than usual. On 26 December there were many yellow weather warnings in force with a yellow wind warning for the south coast of England extending from Cornwall to Essex, nearly all of both Wales and Scotland were placed under a yellow weather warning, as well as large areas of northwest and north-central England.
A rain warning for much of Wales and the northwest of England was also announced, as well as a rain and wind warning for Northern Ireland. A rain and snow warning was also in effect for parts of western and central Scotland where heavy snowing caused blizzard conditions. Wind strengths were as high as 60–70 mph (97–113 km/h) for some parts, mainly around the southern and western coasts.[140]
For the Republic of Ireland, orange wind warnings were put up on the 27 December for the following counties; Clare, Cork, Kerry and Galway with a broad yellow wind warning covering the rest of the country.[142]
In some areas widespread disruptions to bus and rail services have occurred with many ScotRail services experiencing delays from restrictions and extreme weather like flooding and downed trees.[143] The highest wind velocity officially recorded by the Met Office was a gust of 89 mph (143 km/h) in Fair Isle, Scotland.[138] Also recorded were gusts of 86 mph (138 km/h) in Kincardineshire in eastern Scotland,[144] and of 69 mph (111 km/h) at the Isle of Wight and Stornoway in Scotland.[144]
A major incident was declared in Greater Manchester, where a "localised tornado" swept through the Tameside area (Stalybridge), damaging about 100 properties and leaving thousands of homes without power. Eyewitnesses reported a period of strong winds only lasting between 5 and 10 minutes.[145] The twister was given a preliminary T5.[146] As a result of the storm, three fatalities have been recorded when a 4x4 plunged into the River Esk on the North York Moors National Park due to the hazardous driving conditions.[147]
On 29 December, Gerrit continues to cause problems with strong winds and wintery showers for Shetland with ferry delays of at least 2 hours, and some ferry cancellations.[148]
The storm was named after Dutch meteorologist Gerrit Hiemstra by the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, after retiring from the Dutch public news broadcaster NOS Journaal, where Hiemstra worked from 1998 until 2023.[149]
Storm Geraldine (Costa)
[edit]| Storm Geraldine | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Area affected | Ireland, United Kingdom, France |
| Date of impact | 30 December 2023 – 1 January 2024 |
| Lowest pressure | 966 hPa (28.53 inHg) |
Storm Geraldine was named by Météo-France on 30 December 2023, and was later named Costa by the Free University of Berlin.[150]
Yellow wind warnings were in force for much of Ireland especially the south coast on 30 December as well as the United Kingdom. On 31 December a yellow rain warning was active in the northwest of England with a large yellow wind warning along the south coast of Wales and England there was also a yellow wind warning in force for the following counties in southwestern parts of Ireland; Clare, Cork, Kerry, Limerick.[142][151]
In France a large yellow wind warning covers much of the north of the country with a orange wind and rain warnings up for Pas-de-Calais.[152]
The storm system dissipated shortly after in the North Sea on 1 January 2024.
Storm Henk (Annelie)
[edit]| Storm Henk | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Area affected | United Kingdom, Netherlands, France, Denmark, Germany, Sweden, Poland, The Baltics |
| Date of impact | 2–5 January 2024 |
| Maximum wind gust | 94 mph (151 km/h) – The Needles, Isle of Wight[153] |
| Lowest pressure | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) |
| Fatalities | 2[154][155][156] |
| Power outages | 38,000[157] |
Storm Henk was named by the Met Office on 2 January 2024, and subsequently named Annelie by the FUB in Germany the same day,[158] due to the threat of very strong winds and heavy rain.[159]
An amber wind warning was issued for southern and central regions of England and southern Wales on 2 January, spanning from the Scilly Isles, through south-western and southern England, the South Midlands, and through to East Anglia. This warning was issued due to an anticipated swathe of strong winds, gusting between 60 and 80 mph (97 and 129 km/h) in these areas on that day. Additionally, there was a broader yellow warning surrounding the amber one, indicating a wider area of concern for potentially impactful winds.[160] The Environment Agency issued 27 flood warnings for Oxfordshire on 5 January after the River Cherwell burst its banks.[161]
As a result of Storm Henk, extensive flooding affected South West England.[162] Tewkesbury in Gloucestershire was particularly affected.[163] In Worcester, the city centre was flooded.[164] The Cooper Dean roundabout near the Royal Bournemouth Hospital was flooded.[165] In Devon, several major roads were flooded including a landslip on the A377 in Crediton.[166] In Shropshire, Shrewsbury was again hit by floods,[167] as River Severn levels were expected to reach 15.4 feet (4.7 m).[168] Over 600 flood warnings were in place across Southern England.[169] Flood alerts were also in place in Wales affecting Wrexham and Flintshire.[170]
Exeter Airport reported a wind gust of 81 mph (130 km/h), with The Needles on Isle of Wight recording a 94 mph (151 km/h) gust.[153] In Ipswich, despite the amber wind warning, the Orwell Bridge remained open.[171]
A woman was taken to hospital after being hit by a tree during the storm in Orpington. The incident happened just before 3.15 pm. Police, London Ambulance Service and London Fire Brigade attended and found a woman injured. She was taken to hospital for treatment where her injuries were assessed as not life-threatening.[172]
On the A433, about eight miles (13 km) north of Malmesbury, another person died after a falling tree crushed their car during the storm. Emergency services were called at around 3.15 pm.[154] Two cars were struck by a huge tree after it was uprooted by strong winds and fell into the road. One vehicle was completely crushed, whilst another sustained less significant damage. An occupant of one of the cars was pronounced dead at the scene.[154] On the B4526 near Crays Pond, Oxfordshire, an 87-year-old woman died when the car she was driving hit a fallen tree at around 5.25 pm.[173]
The London Eye was briefly closed for safety checks after a roof hatch in one of the pods was blown open by high winds while passengers were aboard. London Eye described the incident as an "isolated technical issue".[174] The Wilfred barge sank off Victoria Embankment in the River Thames.[175]
In The Netherlands, strong winds may have contributed to a tragic incident where a 75-year-old man fell off his bicycle and drowned. The storm also led to the collapse of a dyke, affecting water levels in the Maas River.
Storm Brigitta
[edit]| Storm Brigitta | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Area affected | Germany, United Kingdom, France, Belgium, Netherlands |
| Date of impact | 3–6 January 2024 |
| Lowest pressure | 987 hPa (29.15 inHg) |
Storm Brigitta is a small but damaging storm that was named by the Free University of Berlin (FUB) on 3 January 2024.[176] The storm system has prompt a yellow rain warning for the south and east of the United Kingdom. Heavy rainfall is anticipated to cause major flooding disruption in the wake of Storm Henk moving through two days earlier. Major incidents have been declared across the UK with widespread flooding causing travel chaos.[177]
In France a red flood warning has been issued for Pas-de-Calais and a orange flood warning for the Ardennes, including Lille. There is also a broad yellow wind and flood warning for the north half of the country.
In Germany a level 3 red warning for rain has been issued for western parts of the country with a level 2 orange warning for rain encompassing the red warning.[178]
Storm Hipolito
[edit]| Storm Hipolito | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Area affected | Azores |
| Date of impact | 8–14 January 2024 |
| Lowest pressure | 974 hPa (28.76 inHg) |
Hipolito was named by the Portuguese Institute of the Sea and the Atmosphere (IPMA) on 8 January 2024.[179]
The system is to bring strong winds and heavy rain to the Azores. A orange wind and rain warning is in force for the central group of islands.[180] Regional Civil Protection and Fire Service of the Azores (SRPCBA) informs that a total of 53 occurrences on six islands, namely São Miguel, Terceira, Graciosa, São Jorge, Pico and Faial.[181]
The latest reported situations are related to flooding of roads, flooding of homes, falling trees, falling structures and damage to structures.[181]
Storm Irene (Gertrud)
[edit]| Storm Irene | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Area affected | France, Spain, Canary Islands, Portugal, Azores, Germany, Poland, Switzerland |
| Date of impact | 14–18 January 2024 |
| Lowest pressure | 981 hPa (28.97 inHg) |
Storm Irene was named by Meteo France on 14 January 2024 and Gertrud the same day by FUB.[179] [182] Storm Irene's effects was expected to be felt from 15 to 16 January in the Canary Islands, and on 16–17 January for the Iberian Peninsula and parts of France; more intensity is expected for the western part which is packed with gusts of strong or very strong wind and persistent rain.[183]
A yellow wind and rain warning has been issued for parts of the Azores and the Madeira Islands on 16 January. The entire country of Portugal is also under the same yellow wind and rain warning for an additional day. Additionally, there is an orange wind, rain, and coastal event warning in effect for the southern parts of Madeira.[184]
On 17 January, in northern France, a broad orange snow and ice warning was in force with yellow wind and rain warnings elsewhere. Yellow Avalanche warnings were also up for the Alps regions of eastern France.[185] Furthermore, there is an orange wind warning for specific regions in northern Spain, and a broad yellow wind and rain warning over most of the country.[186]
In Germany, Deutscher Wetterdienst issued a Level 3 snow and ice warnings was in force for all of south of the country with a level 1 and 2 further north. There is also a Level 4 snow and ice warning in western parts including Frankfurt significant disruption was anticipated.[187]
Storm Juan
[edit]| Storm Juan | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Area affected | Spain, Portugal |
| Date of impact | 18–20 January 2024 |
| Lowest pressure | 1,001 hPa (29.56 inHg) |
Storm Juan was named by Spanish Met Service (AEMET), on 18 January 2024.[188]
Heavy rainfall and snowfall is expected with a orange snow warning having been issued for central regions in Spain with many yellow rain warnings in force for southern and central parts of the country.[189] In Portugal a yellow rain warning was issued for much of the south of the country, including the Lisbon area.[190]
Storm Isha (Iris)
[edit]| Storm Isha | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Area affected | United Kingdom, Ireland, Netherlands, Norway, Denmark, Sweden |
| Date of impact | 19–23 January 2024 |
| Maximum wind gust | 199 km/h (124 mph):The Cairnwell, Aberdeenshire |
| Lowest pressure | 956 hPa (28.23 inHg) |
| Fatalities | 4 |
| Power outages | 618,000 |
Storm Isha was named by the Met Office on 19 January due to the threat of very strong winds,[191] while the Free University of Berlin named the same system as Iris the following day, 20 January.[192]
An orange warning was given out in the Netherlands. IJmuiden recorded a wind gust of 110 km/h (70 mph).
In the United Kingdom, two 12-hour amber weather warnings for wind were in place from 6 p.m. on 21 January, which the covered whole country excluding the East of England, London and the Shetland Islands. A 24-hour yellow weather warning for wind which covered the entire country was also in place from midday on 21 January.[193] At around 11:30 p.m. on 21 January, the Met Office issued a 4-hour red weather warning for wind from 1 a.m. for northeast Scotland covering Thurso, Wick, Elgin, Banff, Fraserburgh and Peterhead.[194] In Ireland, Met Éireann issued a Status Red wind warning for Galway, Mayo and Donegal, while Status Yellow and Status Orange warnings were also issued for the rest of the country.[195] In the Netherlands, a yellow wind warning covered the entire country from midnight on 21 January until 9 a.m. the following day.[196]
A number of flights were cancelled, while a tornado watch was issued for Ireland, the majority of Scotland, and parts of England by TORRO.[197] A brief red wind warning was in force in Scotland as Isha passed through overnight.
At Capel Curig, Snowdonia, a wind gust of 90 mph (140 km/h) was recorded on Sunday afternoon. During the early hours of 22 January, a gust of 99 mph (159 km/h) was recorded at RRH Brizlee Wood in Northumberland.[198] Train services such as Great Western Railway were delayed until the storm passes. The A14 Orwell Bridge in Ipswich was closed due to the strength of the winds.[199][200] ScotRail cancelled all services from 7 p.m. on 21 January until after the following day's rush hour due to the high winds.[201] The storm caused thousands of power outages across the British Isles, with 235,000 properties in Ireland, 53,000 homes in Northern Ireland and around 330,000 in England, Scotland and Wales.[202]
The Met Office lists maximum gust speeds for Storm Isha, the highest shown is 108 Kt (124 mph) recorded at The Cairnwell, Aberdeenshire, and a minimum central pressure of 947 hPa (27.96 inHg) from Storm Isha. [203] According to some news articles, and a Twitter post by Glencoe Mountain Resort Twitter page a wind speed of 168mph was recorded in Glencoe, Scotland, but this windspeed hasn't been verified by the Met Office, that means the highest verified wind-speed is 108 Kt (124 mph) at The Cairnwell, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.[citation needed]
A total of four people were killed during the storm: a woman died at 1:50 on 22 January in Carnalogue, County Louth, when a van collided with a tree; a man died at 18:15 on 21 January when he drove into a flood on the N17 in Lisduff, County Mayo;[204] an 84-year-old man died at about 23:45 on 21 January after the car he was travelling in hit a fallen tree on Beancross Road in Grangemouth;[205] and a man in his 60s was killed at 21:45 on 21 January after his van was involved in a crash with a fallen tree and another vehicle on Broad Road in Limavady, County Londonderry.[206]
In Sweden weather warnings were issued for snowfall in combination with high winds across parts of Sweden on Monday, with cancelled trains and accidents on icy roads causing disruption to traffic.[207]
Storm Jocelyn (Jitka)
[edit]| Storm Jocelyn | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Area affected | United Kingdom, Ireland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Germany, Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania |
| Date of impact | 22–26 January 2024 |
| Maximum wind gust | 225 km/h (140 mph): Cairn Gorm, Scotland |
| Lowest pressure | 947 hPa (27.96 inHg) |
| Fatalities | 1 |
| Power outages | 100,000 |
Storm Jocelyn was named by the Met Éireann and Jitka by FUB on 22 January due to the threat of very strong winds.[208][209]
Orange and Yellow wind warnings issued for a lot of Ireland and Yellow warning of wind and rain was issued by Met Office for Scotland and Northern England. A small Amber warning also is in force for western and northern coastal area of Scotland.[210]
In Germany Level 2 orange warnings were issued for wind.[211] Poland issued Degree 1 warnings for wind and degree 2 on the coast which indicates winds of 91-110 km/h (~55-70 mph).[212] Denmark issued warnings for increased water level for the Wadden Sea, central West Coast, in the western part of the Limfjord, western Kattegat, Århus Bay, northern Little Belt, North and East Funen and the coast of North Zealand and Øresund. DMI Warning for gales and gusts of storm force were raised along the west coast of Jutland. Sweden also had warnings for wind and increased water levels.[213][214] Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania also had yellow wind warnings. A gust of 140mph was recorded at Cairngorm in Scotland.[203]
One fatality has been reported from the storm as a 73-year-old man from the Isle of Lewis had fatal injuries from a car crash. This happened near Balallan around 11.40am on 23 January.[215]
According to the Met Office a top gust of 140 mph Cairngorm Summit and a minimum central pressure of 961 hPa (28.38 inHg) from Storm Jocelyn.[203]
Storm Avgi
[edit]| Storm Avgi | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Area affected | Greece, Israel, Cyprus, Egypt |
| Date of impact | 28–31 January 2024 |
| Lowest pressure | 1,011 hPa (29.85 inHg) |
Storm Avgi was named by Hellenic National Meteorological Service on 28 January for the risk of heavy rain associated with a cold spell.[216]
Heavy snowfall and significant temperature drops expected to last until 31 January, according to the National Meteorological Service. Snowfall is forecasted from Thessaly, central Greece, southward, even in lower-altitude areas. High pressures in the northwestern Balkans, coupled with low pressures in the eastern Mediterranean, are causing stormy winds and further temperature drops along with locally heavy rainfall in southern areas. Furthermore, on 30 January, northerly winds in the Aegean Sea will reach speeds of 9 Beaufort, locally reaching 10 Beaufort, accompanied by heavy rain and thunderstorms, which is expected to gradually subside from Wednesday evening onwards according to Hellenic National Meteorological Service.[217]
In Israel, heavy rain has been affecting the country prompting the issuance of yellow rain, wind and thunderstorm warnings for northern parts of the country.[218] Meanwhile, orange rain warnings exist for Greece and a orange thunderstorm warning for Cyprus, including a yellow rain warning for northern Egypt.[219][220][221]
Storm Ingunn (Margrit)
[edit]| Storm Ingunn | |
|---|---|
| |
| Area affected | Norway, United Kingdom, Sweden |
| Date of impact | 30 January – 2 February 2024 |
| Maximum wind gust | 249 km/h (155 mph) at a Landsverk weather station in Heltnin, Faroe Islands |
| Lowest pressure | 941 hPa (27.79 inHg) |
| Fatalities | 0 |
| Damage | Unspecified |
This storm was named Ingunn on 30 January by the Norwegian Meteorological Institute and Margrit by the Free University of Berlin.[222][223]
In Norway, a red warning of extremely strong gusts of wind was issued for parts of Nordfjord, Møre and Romsdal, Trøndelag and Helgeland. Wind gusts of 70-110 mph were anticipated from the afternoon of 31 January until the morning of 1 February. The strongest gusts were expected in outer regions from Stad to Helgeland.[222]
During the night to 1 February, the wind direction shifts west, possibly reaching hurricane strength in North Trøndelag and South Helgeland. Throughout 1 February, the wind becomes north-westerly, gradually diminishing, starting in the south. There is uncertainty about the low-pressure track on 1 February, with the potential for extremely strong wind gusts in Nordland, along with strong gusts in Troms and Finnmark later in the day. Expect coastal wind gusts of 90-110 mph and local interior gusts of 70-80 mph. Parts of eastern Norway and western Norway may experience strong gusts at the yellow danger level on 31 January and 1 February. Northern Norway may see a transition to snow showers, with a possibility of 20-50 cm of snow in Nordland on 1 February, accompanied by strong winds.
Due to coincident tides, low pressure, and strong winds, high water levels are expected in Nordland overnight to 1 February, potentially leading to very high water levels in the Vestfjorden. Coastal damage may occur due to high water levels and waves.[222] The Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate issued its highest avalanche warnings over southern and central parts of the country.[224]
The storm was described as the strongest to hit Norway in more than three decades, with floods and power outages reported across the country. The center of Bodø was sealed off by police citing "a danger to life and health". In Trøndelag, police received between 40 and 50 calls from affected residents. A bus with 14 passengers was blown off a road by strong winds near Lærdal, without causing injury.[225] About 200 passengers were stranded overnight in Tromsø Airport.[224]
In the United Kingdom a yellow wind warning is in force for Scotland, Northern England and Northern Ireland where in parts gusts of 70-80 possibly 85 mph in exposed northern locations.[226]
In Sweden a orange wind warning is in force for the low terrain in the mountain chain in Västerbotten County and northernmost Jämtland County. The Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute warned that the weather on 1 February would be windy in the westerly wind with very strong gusts to locally stormy gusts. This may, among other things, lead to limited access on roads due to fallen trees.[214]
In the Faroe Islands a gust of 249 km/h (155 mph) was recorded at a Landsverk weather station,[227] making this the strongest wind gust from a European windstorm in 2024.[228]
Storm Karlotta (Paulina)
[edit]| Storm Karlotta | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Area affected | United Kingdom, France, Spain, Portugal, Ireland |
| Date of impact | 6–10 February 2024 |
| Lowest pressure | 961 hPa (28.38 inHg) |
| Fatalities | 0 |
| Damage | Unspecified |
Storm Karlotta was named by the Spanish Meteorological Service on the 6 February with the FUB naming it Paulina.[229]
The storm brought strong winds and heavy rain to Spain and Portugal, where a yellow rain warning was in force. France also has rain and wind warnings where disruption was anticipated.[48][230][231]
In the United Kingdom a yellow snow warning was in force for the Midlands, north-west England, north Wales and Northern Ireland as well as a amber snow warning issued for north Wales and areas just east of Manchester where 20-25cm of snow was possible above 200 metres. However, in the yellow area 2-5cm was expected widely with upwards of 10cm on hills. Elsewhere, heavy rain was more likely further south with snow showers continuing to move into northern Scotland. However, these showers were not associated with Storm Karlotta like the band of snow that was expected in the Midlands and Northern Ireland.[232]
In Ireland, Met Éireann issued a status yellow snow-ice and rain warning for Dublin, Cavan, Meath, Kildare, Louth, Wexford, Carlow, Clare, Tipperary, Galway, Laois, Offaly, Westmeath, Donegal, Monaghan, Leitrim, Mayo, Roscommon, Sligo, Longford and Wicklow with localised flooding.
Storm Louis (Wencke)
[edit]| Storm Louis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Area affected | United Kingdom, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Norway, Sweden |
| Date of impact | 22–23 February 2024 |
| Maximum wind gust | 138 km/h (86 mph) – Groix, France.[233] |
| Lowest pressure | 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) |
| Fatalities | 1 |
| Damage | Unspecified |
Storm Louis was named by the Meteo France on the 22 February with the FUB naming it Wencke.[229]
A yellow wind and rain warning was issued for the east and south-east of England due to a severe squall line, which resulted in intense rainfall and strong winds in the warned areas. There was also a rain warning for the south-west where heavy rain was anticipated to cause disruption.[234]
Additionally, an orange wind warning was in effect for northern parts of France, anticipating similar strong winds in that region.[235]
Storm Louis will hit the Netherlands the evening of 22 February, bringing with it strong winds with gusts up to 110 kilometres per hour. The meteorological institute KNMI issued a code yellow warning for the entire country, starting in the south and coastal provinces at 6:00 pm.[236] In Belgium, the Met Office has issued an amber code weather warning for powerful gusts of wind across Flanders. From 3pm, gusts of up to 110 kilometres per hour are possible, with locally even higher speeds being recorded.[237]
There was one fatality in France : a man has drawn in his car in the Deux-Sèvres department.
Storm Dorothea (Yue)
[edit]| Storm Dorothea | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Area affected | United Kingdom, Ireland, France, Spain, Italy, Tunisia, Algeria, Libya |
| Date of impact | 23–29 February 2024 |
| Lowest pressure | 979 hPa (28.91 inHg) |
| Fatalities | 0 |
| Damage | Unspecified |
Storm Dorothea was one of two storms named by the Italian Meteorological Service (Servizio Meteorologico) on 26 February. The system was named Yue Free University of Berlin three days earlier on 23 February 2024 where it impacted Western Europe.[238][239]
On the 23 February, the system has prompt the UK Met Office issue two yellow rain warnings for the south-west and south-east of England. This is because of the heavy rain recently which has left saturated soils across the south of the United Kingdom with further flooding likely.[240] According to GOV.UK there are still numerous flood alerts and warnings in force for areas in the south of the United Kingdom.[241]
In France the met service has issued a large yellow flood warning in, with a orange flood warning for Doubs, France. High river levels are anticipated to continue in the country.[242] Spain has also issued a broad coastal high surf warning for the north coast, along with a broad yellow wind warning with a orange rain warning for Interior de Pontevedra.[243]
As Dorothea was named by the Italian met service, yellow wind and rain warnings were issued for much of the Italian Peninsula and France's Corsica. A orange snow, wind and rain warning was in force for north-western parts of Italy. Another orange wind and rain warning was issued for Sicily and Sardinia as well as the boot of Italy.[239]
Storm Emil
[edit]| Storm Emil | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Area affected | Italy, Tunisia, Algeria, Libya |
| Date of impact | 26–28 February 2024 |
| Lowest pressure | 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) |
| Fatalities | 0 |
| Damage | Unspecified |
Storm Emil was the second of two storms named by the Italian Meteorological Service (Servizio Meteorologico) on 26 February 2024,[239] with the other being Dorothea.
Storm Emil is expected the merge with Storm Dorothea and enhance rainfall and snowfall impacts in Italy. Numerous, orange and yellow wind, rain and snow warnings are in force for the Italian Peninsula and surrounding islands.[239]
Storm Fedra (Carlotta)
[edit]| Storm Fedra | |
|---|---|
_2024-03-03T00_00_00Z.jpg) | |
| Area affected | Italy, France, Greece |
| Date of impact | 3–5 March 2024 |
| Lowest pressure | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) |
| Fatalities | 0 |
| Damage | Unspecified |
Storm Fedra was named by the Italian, Servizio Meteorologico on 3 March 2024. It was named Carlotta by Free University of Berlin the same day.[239][229]
Yellow and orange wind and rain warnings were in force for the north west of Italy, including Rome, Florence, Bologna, Milan, Genoa and Turin.[244]
There is also a severe red warning for snow and black ice also up for similar areas around the Turin area of Italy. There also exists a orange wind and yellow rain warning for Sardinia.[244]
Meteo France has also issued a yellow rain, snow and ice warning for Upper Corsica, where thunderstorms and avalanches are possible.[242]
Storm Monica (Elfi)
[edit]| Storm Monica | |
|---|---|
_2024-03-10T00_00_00Z.jpg) | |
| Area affected | Portugal, Spain |
| Date of impact | 8–11 March 2024 |
| Lowest pressure | 972 hPa (28.70 inHg) |
| Fatalities | 0 |
| Damage | Unspecified |
Storm Monica was named on 9 March 2024, and as Elfi the Free University of Berlin a day earlier on 8 March 2024.[245]
Storm Monica is forecast to impact the Iberian Peninsula with heavy rain and strong winds. Portugal's Meteorological Agency (IPMA) issued a severe red coastal event warning from 6pm 9 March - 6am 10 March, where waves from the west/northwest with 7 to 8 metres (20-25 ft) of significant height, reaching a maximum height of 14 metres (45 ft). A broader orange coastal event warning is also in force which lasts from 6pm 8 March - 6pm 10 March. There is also a yellow wind warning in force where strong winds from the west/southwest, with gusts of up to 75 km/h (45 mph) on the coast and up to 90 km/h (55 mph) in the highlands and up to 95 km/h (60 mph) in the mountains.[49]
In Spain a yellow coastal event warning is in force for the north coast. With a orange warning in force for the north west coast. Other warnings include yellow snow warnings in interior parts of Spain. Also, a yellow wind warning for the south-east.[48]
Storm Gabriele
[edit]| Storm Gabriele | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Area affected | United Kingdom, Ireland, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Germany |
| Date of impact | 13–17 March 2024 |
| Lowest pressure | 986 hPa (29.12 inHg) |
| Fatalities | 0 |
| Damage | Unspecified |
Storm Gabriele was named on 13 March 2024 by Free University of Berlin.[246]
Gabriele is expected to bring heavy snow and strong winds to parts of Scandinavia as well as heavy rain and strong winds to Denmark and Germany.
In Norway there are yellow snow and ice warnings as well as yellow wind warnings. There is also a orange severity icing on ships warning from the cold air and strong winds that are expected to blow a force 7 or 8.[247]
In Germany there is a yellow level 1 wind warning for the north of the country, including; Hamburg, Kiel, Schwerin and Neubrandenburg.[248] Also, a orange level 2 wind warning is in force across the German border with Denmark to Hindenburgdamm, and another from Rostock to Peenemünde.[248]
Storm Nelson (Nadja)
[edit]| Storm Nelson | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Area affected | United Kingdom, Ireland, France, Spain, Portugal, Netherlands |
| Date of impact | 26–29 March 2024 |
| Maximum wind gust | 114 mph (183 km/h; 99 kn) at Pointe Du Raz, France |
| Lowest pressure | 956 hPa (28.23 inHg) |
| Fatalities | 4 |
| Damage | Unspecified |
Storm Nelson was named on 26 March 2024 by Spain's AEMET[249] and Nadja by FUB.[229]
The United Kingdom's Met Office issued a yellow rain warning for eastern Northern Ireland and a yellow wind warning for the south coast of England. 50 mph (80 km/h) winds widely were expected with 60–65 mph (97–105 km/h) expected in exposed southern areas.[250] The weather may impact transport networks, including ferry services, and there is a "slight chance" of power cuts, it added. "There is a small chance that injuries and danger to life could occur from large waves and beach material being thrown onto sea fronts, coastal roads and properties."[251]
Orange wind warnings were issued for west of France[231] and much of the Portuguese coast,[49] with yellow wind warning issued for most of Spain.[252]
On 27 March, a tornado hit Île d'Yeu in western France, affecting around 60 houses and uprooting trees, blowing off roofs, felling electricity poles, blowing out a bay window and slightly injuring one person.[253] A large waterspout in the Tagus estuary made headlines the following day after it was caught on video looming over the Vasco da Gama bridge in Lisbon, Portugal.[254]
Four people were killed during the storm in Spain in three separate incidents on 28 March, all of which involved the sea. Two of them were in Asturia: a tourist was killed after falling into the sea in Muros de Nalón and a woman was killed in Cudillero after falling into the sea and being thrashed against some rocks.[255] A Moroccan boy and a German man drowned near Tarragona, Catalonia, after the man entered the water to help the boy.[256]
Storm Patricia
[edit]| Storm Patricia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Area affected | Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Sweden, Finland |
| Date of impact | 1–3 April 2024 |
| Lowest pressure | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) |
| Damage | Unspecified |
Storm Patricia was named on 1 April by Free University of Berlin.[257]
The system is forecast to bring strong winds and heavy snowfall to parts of north-eastern Europe.
There are many yellow wind warnings in force, such as for eastern Poland, all of Lithuania and much of Estonia,[258] Latvia, and southern Finland. Yellow wind and snow warnings also extend up the east coast of Sweden, including Stockholm[259] Snow and ice are expected to cause disruption across these countries with Sweden having issued an orange snow and ice warning just north of the capital, Stockholm.[260]
Storm Olivia (Sabine)
[edit]| Storm Olivia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Area affected | United Kingdom, Ireland, France, Spain, Portugal |
| Date of impact | 2–5 April 2024 |
| Lowest pressure | 987 hPa (29.15 inHg) |
| Damage | Unspecified |
Storm Olivia was named by the Portuguese Met Service on 2 April 2024 and Sabine by Free University of Berlin the following day on 3 April 2024.[261][262]
The storm was named due to the threat of rain, especially along the north coast of Portugal and Spain, including The Azores.
On 2 April, Portugal's IPMA issued a yellow wind warning for northern, coastal parts of Portugal, including the city of Porto.[263] Whilst, Spain's AEMET issued a orange wind warning for the north-west coast of Spain with a wider yellow warning expanding inland encompassing the orange warning.[264]
On 4 April, United Kingdom Met Office issued a yellow snow warning for central Scotland with a yellow rain warning just to the south, encompassing Glasgow.[265]
Storm Kathleen (Timea)
[edit]| Storm Kathleen | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Area affected | United Kingdom, Ireland |
| Date of impact | 4–8 April 2024 |
| Maximum wind gust | 164 km/h (102 mph): Aonach Mor, Scotland |
| Lowest pressure | 951 hPa (28.08 inHg) |
| Power outages | 900,000 |
| Damage | Unspecified |
Storm Kathleen was named by Met Éireann on 4 April 2024, and named as Timea by Free University of Berlin the following day, 5 April 2024.[266]
The UK Met Office issued yellow wind warnings for western parts of the United Kingdom, including Northern Ireland, southern Scotland, north west England, west Wales, and parts of the south west, such as Cornwall. Deputy Chief Meteorologist Christoph Almond stated, "Gusts of 50 mph are expected quite widely on Saturday, while some exposed spots, particularly on the coast, will see 60 to 70 mph gusts with large waves also likely."[267][266][268]
As this area of low pressure moves north-eastwards, it will be drawing up unseasonably warm air from Iberia for a time. This warm air will see temperatures rise across the UK, causing some areas to see values above 20°C for the first time this year. The locations likely to see the highest temperatures will be in parts of East Anglia and Southeast England where 21°C or 22°C is not out of the question briefly on Saturday.[266]
Met Éireann issued a yellow warning for Ireland, orange wind warning for County Cork, County Kerry, County Galway, and County Mayo due to Storm Kathleen, which will bring gale force southerly winds, including severe and damaging gusts, potentially leading to very difficult travel conditions, fallen trees, power outages, coastal flooding, and wave overtopping.
Preliminary reports suggest the strongest wind from Kathleen are in Northern Ireland was recorded at 69mph (111 km/h) at Orlock Head in County Down. However, in Scotland, an unofficial windspeed of 101mph (162km/h) was recorded at Cairn Gorm. This is awaiting verification from the Met Office.
Other strong winds were recorded in Ireland include:
- Magilligan, County Londonderry – 57mph (91 km/h)
- Thomastown, County Fermanagh – 56mph (90 km/h)
- Castlederg, County Tyrone – 54mph (86 km/h)
- Aldergrove, County Antrim – 54mph (86 km/h)[269]
However, according to the Met Office the highest wind gust was 102mph (164km/h) recorded at Aonach Mor, Scotland.[270]
NIE Networks said about 400 customers are without power after high winds caused "a low level of damage to the electricity network. In the Republic of Ireland, 12,000 homes, farms and businesses were left without power as a result of Storm Kathleen. ESB Networks said the largest outages were in County Mayo, County Sligo, County Leitrim, County Laois and County Wicklow. Some flights including all Aer Lingus services at Belfast City Airport and ferry sailings have been cancelled.[269]
In the United Kingdom, for the second time this year, part of the roof of Titanic Belfast has been damaged by strong winds. The Met Office had warned of possible travel disruption, power cuts, and a risk of injuries from large waves. As of Saturday afternoon, the Environment Agency (EA) issued 14 flood warnings – where flooding is "expected" – and 118 flood alerts in England. The EA also issued 45 red cautions for strong streams on the River Thames, advising users of all boats not to navigate. National Resources Wales issued five flood alerts across the country.[271]
About 200 people had to be evacuated on Tuesday 9 April as the River Arun in west Sussex burst it's banks with rainfall made worse by Storm Pierrick a few days later.[272]
A family touring Scotland's North Coast 500 route are said to be "lucky to be alive" after their motorhome was reportedly blown down a hill as Storm Kathleen swept in across the country. The family of four and two dogs were still inside when the rented vehicle rolled over several times at a layby on the A896 near Shieldaig in Wester Ross on Sunday 7 April. The family, from Oxfordshire, reportedly managed to escape the wreckage with severe bruising.[273]
Storm Pierrick (Vanessa)
[edit]| Storm Pierrick | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Area affected | United Kingdom, France |
| Date of impact | 8–10 April 2024 |
| Maximum wind gust | 65mph (104.6 km/h) [1] |
| Lowest pressure | 988 hPa, Truro, UK (via ZoomEarth) |
| Fatalities | 2 (including 1 dog dead and 1 Injured) [2] |
| Damage | Unspecified |
Storm Pierrick was named by Meteo France on 8 April 2024 and Vanessa by Free University of Berlin a day prior on the 7 April 2024.[261][274]
The storm will mainly affect the United Kingdom with the Met Office issuing yellow wind warnings. As of midday on 8 April, there exists a yellow wind warning across the south-west, encompassing Cornwall and north Devon. Another yellow wind warning is in affect across the south coast of England from Chideock, Dorset through to Margate, Kent.[275] On Tuesday the 9 April, the yellow warning extends to include the west coast of Wales, with another yellow warning, this time for rain which encompasses south-west Scotland, through the central belt and up the Aberdeen coast.[276]
Meteo France has issued some yellow and orange warnings. Much of the country is covered in a yellow wind warning with a orange wind warning in the north west of the country and another two in the north of the country including, Rouen and Évreux.[277]
The low-pressure system will bring the strongest winds to Cornwall and coastal parts of Devon and Somerset later today and overnight (8-9 April), then as the system continues to track across the United Kingdom the strong winds will extend along many English Channel coasts, all the way to Kent, and north along the coasts of the Celtic and Irish Seas to Lancashire. These strong winds come in combination with large waves and one of the highest tides of the year, highlighting coastal areas for impacts. As the system develops it will bring warmer air back into some south-eastern areas of England today, but with the potential for some isolated thunder and lightning this evening.[278]
Record high tides were recorded across the south-coast of England, resulting in serious coastal flooding in many areas. The Severn Bridge was close because of strong winds but has reopened since on Tuesday afternoon. A station was swept away in Devon, and a beach café in Cornwall lost a seating area and three of its beach huts were dragged into the sea.[279]
Evacuations in West Sussex went ahead after the River Arun overflowed its banks, with further warnings that flooding may increase throughout Tuesday brought by Storm Kathleen, worsened by Storm Pierrick.
About 180 people were rescued overnight from Medmerry Holiday Park in Earnley and about 15 from Ferry Road and Rope Walk in Littlehampton, West Sussex county council said. One person showing signs of hypothermia was taken to hospital.[272]
Storm Renata (Yupadee)
[edit]| Storm Renata (Yupadee) | |
|---|---|
.jpg) | |
| Area affected | United Kingdom, Netherlands, Belgium, Germany |
| Date of impact | 14–16 April 2024 |
| Lowest pressure | 986 hPa (29.12 inHg) |
| Damage | Unspecified |
Storm Renata was named by Meteo France on 14 April 2024[280] and Yupadee by Free University of Berlin.[281] the same day.
The system, will affecting the United Kingdom, Germany, Belgium, and the Netherlands, is anticipated to bring disruption. The Met Office forecasts 50 mph winds, particularly in exposed southern areas. A squall line is expected to form, intensifying the winds as it moves through. In the United Kingdom, it will pass through in the early morning and exit by 11 am on 15 April, then proceed across western Europe (Belgium, Netherlands, and Germany).[282]
The Met Office has issued a broad yellow wind warning covering all of Northern Ireland and Wales as well as the rest of England excluding the north east of England and all of Scotland.[283] However, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute has issued a yellow wind warning in response to that expected squall line, where winds of between 75 and 100 km/h (45 and 60 mph) could be recorded.[284]
The Belgian Royal Meteorological Institute also has a yellow wind warning from around midday to 4pm on 15 April 2024.[285] Germany has a level 2 orange wind warning up for most of the country.[286]
In the United Kingdom, A tornado has appeared to hit a town in Staffordshire, with police saying they attended the scene in Knutton in Newcastle-under-Lyme after strong gusts damaged roofs just before 6.45am. Pictures shared online appeared to show damaged fences and debris scattered across the street.[287]
A tornado also appeared to hit a town in Nottinghamshire with local news services attending a few locations in West Bridgford in Nottingham after 7.30am. More pictures online from the West Bridgford wire show damaged roofs chimneys and uprooted trees spread across 10 different roads.[288]
Storm Gori
[edit]| Storm Gori | |
|---|---|
.jpg) | |
| Area affected | Italy, Croatia, Kosovo, Bulgaria, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Romania |
| Date of impact | 17–19 April 2024 |
| Lowest pressure | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) |
| Damage | Unspecified |
Storm Gori was named by Servizio Meteorologico on 17 April 2024.[289]
An orange wind warning was issued for the islands of Sardinia and Sicily and for the Calabria region of southern Italy. Meanwhile, yellow wind, rain and thunderstorm warnings remains in affect for parts of Croatia, Kosovo, Bulgaria, Bosnia & Herzegovina, and Romania.[290]
Storm Radha
[edit]| Storm Radha | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Area affected | Switzerland, Italy, Germany |
| Date of impact | 31 May – 3 June 2024 |
| Lowest pressure | 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) |
| Damage | Unspecified |
Storm Radha was named on 31 May 2024 by Free University of Berlin on behalf of Meteo Swiss, Switzerland's meteorological service.[291]
The system prompted warnings to be issued with heavy thundery showers causing localised impacts, leading Switzerland to name the system.[292][293]
Storm Lilian (Ursula)
[edit]| Storm Lilian | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Area affected | United Kingdom, Ireland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland |
| Date of impact | 22–24 August 2024 |
| Maximum wind gust | 94 km/h (58 mph), Vlissingen, Netherlands |
| Lowest pressure | 981 hPa (28.97 inHg) |
| Damage | Unspecified |
Storm Lilian was named by the United Kingdom Met Office and Ursula by Free University of Berlin on 22 August 2024.[294][295]
Lilian was the twelfth named storm of this storm naming season: this was the furthest through the list of names the Western European storm naming group had got since storm naming was introduced in 2015.[296]
There were reports of cancelled festivals, and outdoor furniture like tents was reported being lifted off the ground. Storm Lilian felled trees and left thousands of homes without power across East Yorkshire and Lincolnshire. Strong winds and heavy rainfall battered the region and yellow weather warnings of floods were put in place.[297]
The Humber Bridge was closed to high-sided and "vulnerable" vehicles like caravans after recording average wind speeds of 55mph (88km/h). Footage showed one lorry almost toppling over.[297]
Two flights between Belfast and London were cancelled on Friday as Storm Lilian tracked across parts of the United Kingdom and Ireland. Strong winds of up to 80mph were forecast in northern parts of England and Wales on Friday, with travel disruption, flooding, power cuts and dangerous conditions near coastal areas expected. British Airways cancelled 16 flights scheduled to take off from Heathrow on Friday and delayed others, according to the airline's website. The cancellations included international flights to Italy, Switzerland and the United States as well as domestic journeys to Scotland and Northern Ireland.[298]
In other places, Denmark issued a yellow wind warning for the disruption expected, while Sweden and Norway issued yellow wind warnings around the coast. Finland also issued a yellow wind warning.[299]
Season effects
[edit]| Storm | FUB name | Dates active | Highest wind gust | Lowest pressure | First reported by | Areas affected | Fatalities (+missing) | Damage | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agnes | Kilian | 25–29 September 2023 | 135 km/h (84 mph), Capel Curig, United Kingdom[13] | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | United Kingdom | United Kingdom, Ireland | 0 | Moderate | [300] |
| Babet | Viktor | 16–22 October 2023 | 185 km/h (115 mph) Cairn Gorm, United Kingdom | 977 hPa (28.85 inHg) | United Kingdom | Spain, Portugal, France, Ireland, United Kingdom (especially Angus, Scotland), Germany, Denmark, Sweden | 15 (1) | Major | |
| Aline | Wolfgang | 18–27 October 2023 | 146 km/h (91 mph): at Quiberon, France | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Spain | Iberian Peninsula, Portugal, Spain, France, Jersey, Guernsey, Belgium, Switzerland, Italy | 0 | Unspecified | |
| Bernard | Xanthos | 21–26 October 2023 | Unspecified | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | Portugal | Morocco, Iberian Peninsula, France, United Kingdom, Portugal, Spain | 2 | Unspecified | [301] |
| Celine | Benj | 28 October–3 November 2023 | Unspecified | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Portugal | Portugal, Spain, France, Iberian Peninsula | 1 | Unspecified | [302][53] |
| Ciarán | Emir | 29 October–4 November 2023 | 207 km/h (129 mph): Pointe du Raz, France | 953 hPa (28.14 inHg)[303] | United Kingdom | Ireland, United Kingdom, Benelux, France, Spain, Czech Republic, Italy, Channel Islands | 16 [304][305] | Major | [59][306][307] |
| Domingos | Fred | 3–5 November 2023 | Unspecified | 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) | Spain | Portugal, Spain, France, United Kingdom, Ireland, Belgium, Channel Islands (indirectly), Iberia, Andalusia, Balearic Islands | 1 | Moderate | [308] |
| Elisa | Helmoe | 9–11 November 2023 | Unspecified | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | France | France, Channel Islands, Ireland | 0 | Minor | [89] |
| Debi | n/a | 12–13 November 2023 | 145 km/h (90 mph): at North Pennines, United Kingdom | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | Ireland | Ireland, United Kingdom, Netherlands | 0 | Major | [142] |
| Frederico | Linus | 15–21 November 2023 | Unspecified | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | France | France, United Kingdom, Channel Islands, Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Turkey, Moldova, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Bulgaria, Israel, Cyprus, Georgia, Syria, Armenia | Unspecified | Major | [98][101] |
| Alexis | n/a | 22–24 November 2023 | Unspecified | 1,000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Italy[114] | Italy (especially Sicily, Lampedusa, Pantelleria), Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Malta, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia | Unspecified | Moderate | [309][103] |
| Bettina | Phil | 25–28 November 2023 | Unspecified | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Italy[114] | Italy, Turkey, Greece, Moldova, Russia, Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Croatia, Slovenia, Ukraine, (especially Crimea), Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania | 22 | Major | [310][107][110][109] |
| Oliver | FUB assigned | 28–30 November 2023 | Unspecified | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Germany | Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Italy, Balkan Peninsula, Poland, Moldova, Ukraine, Baltics | 1 | Moderate | |
| Ciro | n/a | 30 November–3 December 2023 | Unspecified | 991 hPa (29.26 inHg) | Italy[114] | Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, Croatia, Poland, Czech Republic | Unspecified | Moderate | |
| Elin | Vanja | 9–10 December 2023 | 130 km/h (81 mph): at Capel Curig, United Kingdom | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Ireland[119] | Ireland, United Kingdom | 0 | Moderate | [119] |
| Fergus | Walter | 9–11 December 2023 | 129 km/h (80 mph): at North Pennines, United Kingdom | 979 hPa (28.91 inHg) | Ireland[119] | Ireland, United Kingdom | 0 | Major | [119] |
| Pia | Zoltan | 20–22 December 2023 | 185 km/h (115 mph): at Cairn Gorm summit, United Kingdom | 960 hPa
(28.34 inHg) |
Denmark | United Kingdom, Scandinavia, Netherlands, Belgium, Germany | 6 (1) | Major | |
| Gerrit | Bodo | 26–30 December 2023 | 143 km/h (89 mph): at Fair Isle, Scotland | 972 hPa (28.70 inHg) | United Kingdom | United Kingdom, Ireland, Norway | 3 | Major | [147] |
| Geraldine | Costa | 30 December 2023 – 1 January 2024 | Unspecified | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | France | United Kingdom, Ireland, France | Unspecified | Moderate | |
| Henk | Annelie | 2–5 January 2024 | 151 km/h (94 mph): at The Needles, Isle of Wight, United Kingdom | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | United Kingdom | United Kingdom, Netherlands, France, Denmark, Germany, Sweden, Poland, The Baltics | 2 | Major | [311] |
| Brigitta | FUB assigned | 3–6 January 2024 | Unspecified | 987 hPa (29.15 inHg) | Germany | Germany, United Kingdom, Netherlands, France, Belgium | Unspecified | Major | [176] |
| Hipolito | n/a | 9–14 January 2024 | Unspecified | 972 hPa (28.70 inHg) | Portugal | Azores | Unspecified | Minor | |
| Irene | Gertrud | 14–18 January 2024 | Unspecified | 982 hPa (29.00 inHg) | France | France, Spain, Canary Islands, Portugal, Azores, Germany, Poland, Switzerland | Unspecified | Major | |
| Juan | n/a | 18–20 January 2024 | Unspecified | 1,002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | Spain | Spain, Portugal | Unspecified | Moderate | |
| Isha | Iris | 19–23 January 2024 | 199 km/h (124 mph): at Cairnwell, Aberdeenshire | 947 hPa (27.96 inHg) | United Kingdom | United Kingdom, Ireland, Netherlands, Norway, Denmark, Sweden | 4 | Major | |
| Jocelyn | Jitka | 22–26 January 2024 | 230 km/h (140 mph) at Cairngorm Summit, Scotland | 961 hPa (28.38 inHg) | Ireland | United Kingdom, Ireland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Germany, Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania | 1 | Major | |
| Avgi | n/a | 28–31 January 2024 | Unspecified | 1,011 hPa (29.85 inHg) | Greece | Greece, Israel, Cyprus, Egypt | Unspecified | Minor | |
| Ingunn | Margrit | 30 January – 2 February 2024 | 249 km/h (155 mph) at a Landsverk weather station, Faroe Islands | 941 hPa (27.79 inHg) | Norway | Norway, United Kingdom, Sweden | Unspecified | Major | |
| Karlotta | Paulina | 6–10 February 2024 | Unspecified | 961 hPa (28.38 inHg) | Spain | United Kingdom, Spain, Portugal, France | Unspecified | Moderate | |
| Louis | Wencke | 22–23 February 2024 | 136 km/h (85 mph) at Frederikshavn, Denmark | 959 hPa (28.32 inHg) | France | United Kingdom, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Denmark, Norway | Unspecified | Moderate | |
| Dorothea | Yue | 23–29 February 2024 | Unspecified | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Italy | United Kingdom, Ireland, France, Spain, Italy | Unspecified | Moderate | |
| Emil | n/a | 26–28 February 2024 | Unspecified | 1,006 hPa (29.71 inHg) | Italy | Italy, Tunisia, Algeria, Libya | Unspecified | Moderate | |
| Fedra | Carlotta | 3–5 March 2024 | Unspecified | 1,000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Italy | Italy, France, Greece | Unspecified | Moderate | |
| Monica | Elfi | 8–9 March 2024 | Unspecified | 972 hPa (28.70 inHg) | France | Spain, Portugal | Unspecified | Major | |
| Gabriele | FUB assigned | 13–17 March 2024 | Unspecified | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | Germany | United Kingdom, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany | Unspecified | Moderate | |
| Nelson | Nadja | 26–29 March 2024 | 183 km/h (114 mph): at Pointe Du Raz, France | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | Spain | United Kingdom, Ireland, Spain, France, Portugal, Netherlands | 4 | Major | |
| Patricia | FUB assigned | 1–3 April 2024 | Unspecified | 979 hPa (28.91 inHg) | Germany | Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Sweden, Finland | Unspecified | Moderate | |
| Olivia | Sabine | 2–5 April 2024 | Unspecified | 969 hPa (28.61 inHg) | Portugal | United Kingdom, Ireland, Spain, France, Portugal | Unspecified | Moderate | |
| Kathleen | Timea | 4–8 April 2024 | 164 km/h (102 mph) at Aonach Mor, Scotland | 953 hPa (28.14 inHg) | Ireland | United Kingdom, Ireland | Unspecified | Major | |
| Pierrick | Vanessa | 8–10 April 2024 | Unspecified | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | France | United Kingdom, France | Unspecified | Major | |
| Renata | Yupadee | 14–16 April 2024 | Unspecified | 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) | France | United Kingdom, Netherlands, Belgium, Germany | Unspecified | Major | |
| Gori | n/a | 17–19 April 2024 | Unspecified | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | Italy | Italy, Croatia, Kosovo, Bulgaria, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Romania | Unspecified | Minor | |
| Radha | FUB assigned | 31 May – 3 June 2024 | Unspecified | 1,005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | Switzerland | Switzerland, Italy, Germany | Unspecified | Minor | |
| Lilian | Ursula | 22–24 August 2024 | Unspecified | Unspecified | United Kingdom | United Kingdom, Ireland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland | Unspecified | Major |
See also
[edit]- Weather of: 2023, 2024
- Tropical cyclones in: 2023, 2024
- 2023–24 North American winter
- 2023–24 Asian winter
References
[edit]- ^ "Weather Warnings Explanation". Met Éireann The Irish Meteorological Service. Met Éireann. Archived from the original on 2023-02-19. Retrieved 2023-02-18.
- ^ a b "UK Storm Centre". Met Office. UK Met Office. Archived from the original on 2021-11-27. Retrieved 2023-02-18.
- ^ "KNMI waarschuwingen" (in Dutch). KNMI. Archived from the original on 2023-02-17. Retrieved 2023-02-19.
- ^ Leitao, Paula; Roulet, Bernard; Rey, Jaime (September 2018). "Storm naming: the First Season of Naming by the South-west Group: Spain-Portugal-France" (PDF). The European Forecaster (Newsletter of the WGCEF) (23): 33–37. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2023-01-02. Retrieved 2023-02-19.
- ^ Kotroni, V.; Lagouvardos, K.; Bezes, A.; Dafis, S.; Galanaki, E.; Giannaros, C.; Giannaros, T.; Karagiannidis, A.; Koletsis, I.; Kopania, T.; Papagiannaki, K.; Papavasileiou, G.; Vafeiadis, V.; Vougioulas, E. (2021). "Storm Naming in the Eastern Mediterranean: Procedures, Events Review and Impact on the Citizens Risk Perception and Readiness". Atmosphere. 12 (11): 1537. Bibcode:2021Atmos..12.1537K. doi:10.3390/atmos12111537.
- ^ "Storms in Denmark since 1891" (PDF). dmi.dk. Retrieved 2023-06-25.
- ^ "Naming the Weather: Institute of Meteorology at Freie Universität Assigns Names to Weather Highs and Lows for the Year Ahead: Starting 25 September 2013". Freie Universität Berlin Office of Communication and Marketing. Freie Universität Berlin. 2013-09-23. Archived from the original on 2023-02-09. Retrieved 2023-02-19.
- ^ "Weather responders included in 2023/24 storm names". Met Office. Retrieved 2023-11-13.
- ^ "UK Storm Centre". Met Office.
- ^ "Borrascas con gran impacto de la temporada 2023–24". aemet.es. Agencia Estatal de Meteorología. Retrieved 2023-11-13.
- ^ "Storm Naming, Denominazione delle tempeste | Meteo Aeronautica Militare". meteoam.it. Retrieved 2023-11-13.
- ^ Sabir, Amit (2023-09-27). "שמות האירועים לעונת 2023–2024" [The names of the events for the 2023–2024 season] (in Hebrew). Israel Meteorological Service. Retrieved 2023-10-05.
- ^ a b "Storm Agnes, 27 to 28 September 2023" (PDF). metoffice.gov.uk. Retrieved 2023-11-05.
- ^ Met Office (2023-09-25). "#StormAgnes has been named and is forecast to bring strong winds and heavy rain to much of the UK later on Wednesday and into Thursday Stay #WeatherAware" (Post on X). X. Department for Science, Innovation and Technology. Archived from the original on 2023-09-25. Retrieved 2023-09-25.
- ^ Deutscher Wetterdienst (2023-09-27). "Europe Weather Analysis, 27 September 2023" (in German). Free University of Berlin. Retrieved 2023-09-27.
- ^ "Storm Babet latest: If you're just tuning in..." Sky News. 2023-10-20. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
- ^ "Flooding and destruction as Storm Babet hits Northern Europe". 2023-10-20.
- ^ "Storm Babet Hits Northern Europe, Killing 4 | Weather.com". The Weather Channel. Retrieved 2023-11-13.
- ^ "Weather tracker: Storm Babet leaves trail of destruction across Portugal". The Guardian. 2023-10-20. Retrieved 2023-10-20.
- ^ @metoffice (2023-10-20). "A very wet and windy evening with persistent rain across much of the UK" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ @metoffice (2023-10-20). "Red weather warning issued" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ Kelly, Simon (2023-10-23). "Weather warnings issued for 17 counties as Ireland braces for further floods". Joe. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ Riegel, Ralph (2023-10-18). "Millions of euro in damage as army deployed to parts of Cork and new rain warning issued for Dublin". Irish Independent. Retrieved 2023-10-18.
- ^ Sheehy, Paschal (2023-10-19). "Cork deals with aftermath of 'month's rain' in 24 hours". RTÉ News. Retrieved 2023-10-19.
- ^ @metoffice (2023-10-18). "⚠️A number of warnings are in place for #StormBabet please check our website for all the latest details 👇 http://bit.ly/WxWarning" (Tweet). Retrieved 2023-10-19 – via Twitter.
- ^ @metoffice (2023-10-19). "⚠️ Damaging winds are affecting parts of Scotland with Inverbervie in Aberdeenshire recently reporting a gust of 77 mph #StormBabet will continue to give very strong easterly winds overnight with winds strengthening on North Sea coasts further south on Friday" (Tweet). Retrieved 2023-10-19 – via Twitter.
- ^ "Gusts, 1h, observations Scotland from 10/19/2023, 03:00pm". Meteologix.com. Retrieved 2023-10-19.
- ^ @SkyNews (2023-10-19). "BREAKING: All residents in Brechin, Scotland, have been asked to evacuate due to Storm Babet floods https://trib.al/kdCLRvL" (Tweet). Retrieved 2023-10-19 – via Twitter.
- ^ "Hundreds in Scotland told to evacuate as northern Europe braces for gale-force winds and floods". AP News. 2023-10-20. Retrieved 2023-10-20.
- ^ "Storm surges threaten Baltic coasts of Denmark, Germany and Sweden". MSN. 2023-10-20. Retrieved 2023-10-20.
- ^ "Flyg och tåg inställda i stormen Babet". Aftonbladet. 2023-10-20. Retrieved 2023-10-20.
- ^ "Hesnæs havn er "smadret": – Det ligner en krigszone". TV2. 2023-10-21. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
- ^ "Flere steder måler vandstandsstigninger på mere end to meter". TV2. 2023-10-20. Retrieved 2023-10-20.
- ^ a b c d "Ostsee-Sturm: Eine Tote auf Fehmarn, Evakuierungen in SH". NDR. 2023-10-21. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
- ^ "Sønderjysk sommerhusområde evakueres efter digebrud". Jyllands-Posten. 2023-10-20. Retrieved 2023-10-20.
- ^ "Lystbåde står på kølen i Esbjerg Havn". TV2. 2023-10-20. Retrieved 2023-10-20.
- ^ "Rekordlav vandstand stopper færger". MaritimeDanmark. 2023-10-20. Retrieved 2023-10-20.
- ^ "Følg konsekvenserne af stormfloden her". TV2. 2023-10-20. Retrieved 2023-10-20.
- ^ "A summary of today's developments". The Guardian. 2023-10-20. Retrieved 2023-10-20.
- ^ "Deaths rise to three as flooding hits UK". BBC. 2023-10-20. Retrieved 2023-11-05.
- ^ "UK weather: Storm Babet batters large parts of country – as third person confirmed dead". Sky News. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
- ^ "Ostsee-Sturmflut: Wiederaufbaufonds über Millionen geplant". FAZ.NET (in German). 2023-11-01. ISSN 0174-4909. Retrieved 2023-11-04.
- ^ "Storm Babet and Storm Aline – two storms impacting western Europe to end the week". netweather.tv. 2023-10-19. Retrieved 2023-11-05.
- ^ "Europe Weather Map – 18 October 2023" (Map). Aktion Wetterpate. Free University of Berlin, Deutscher Wetterdienst. 2023-10-18. Archived from the original on 2023-10-21. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
- ^ "Storm Aline Deposits More Than 40 litres/m2 Of Rain In Several Regions Of Malaga Province". Euro Weekly News. 2023-10-19. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
- ^ "Mallorca gone with the wind, 100 kmh (60 mph) hit overnight". Majorca Daily Bulletin. 2023-10-20. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
- ^ https://www.met.fu-berlin.de/de/wetter/maps/Analyse_20231021.gif
- ^ a b c Meteorología, Agencia Estatal de. "Avisos meteorológicos - Agencia Estatal de Meteorología - AEMET. Gobierno de España". www.aemet.es.
- ^ a b c "IPMA - Weather warnings in timeline". www.ipma.pt.
- ^ "Storm Celine expected to hit Portugal with heavy rain and storms this weekend". Euro Weekly News. 2023-10-28. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
- ^ "Cyclone Celine Has Put Nine Peninsular Provinces On Yellow Alert Due To Heavy Rains". 2023-10-29. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
- ^ "Storm Celine arrives in Spain bringing rain to Malaga and a large part of Andalucía today". Sur in English. 2023-10-30. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
- ^ a b "Woman dies as weekend storms batter France: warnings continue". 2023-10-30.
- ^ "Atlantic Storm Ciaran will blast a powerful windstorm into Ireland, the UK, and France on Thursday, with more storms as we head into the next weekend". 2023-10-30.
- ^ "U.K., France at risk of Storm Ciarán's flooding rains, high winds". Retrieved 2023-11-13.
- ^ "Storm Ciarán Set to Hit Spain on Thursday". 2023-10-30.
- ^ "Storm Ciarán Arrives in Europe. How and when Will Czechia be Affected?". 2023-10-30.
- ^ "Atlantic Storm Ciaran: Hurricane force wind gusts, waves up to 10m, severe weather and flood risk for western Europe and Italy". 2023-10-30.
- ^ a b "Driver killed and 1,300 homes evacuated as storm Ciaran hits France". 2023-11-02.
- ^ "Una mujer de 23 años muere por la caída de un árbol en el centro de Madrid tras la llegada de la superborrasca 'Ciarán'". El País (in Spanish). 2023-11-02.
- ^ "Flamingo dies at Jersey Zoo during Storm Ciarán". ITV News. 2023-11-02. Retrieved 2023-11-13.
- ^ "Falling trees, power cuts and a flying trampoline in Cornwall storm". BBC News. 2023-11-02. Retrieved 2023-11-02.
- ^ "Devon: Storm Ciarán causes floods, power outages and shuts schools". BBC News. 2023-11-02. Retrieved 2023-11-02.
- ^ "Residents evacuated from Dorset holiday park". Bridport and Lyme Regis News. 2023-11-02. Retrieved 2023-11-02.
- ^ "Wales weather: Tenby caravan site evacuates as Storm Ciarán hits". BBC News. 2023-11-01. Retrieved 2023-11-02.
- ^ Meteorological Office (2023-11-01). "Storm Ciarán is undergoing explosive cyclogenesis, rapidly deepening out in the Atlantic 🌀 Check out the latest view from above 🛰️👇" (Post on X). X. Department for Science, Innovation and Technology. Archived from the original on 2023-11-01. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
- ^ "WATCH: Footage appearing to show tornado in Jersey – and Islanders share pictures of devastation". 2023-11-02. Retrieved 2023-11-02.
- ^ Heath, Richard (2023-11-02). "WATCH: Footage shows devastating trail of destruction from tornado which ripped through parts of Jersey as Storm Ciarán lashed the Island". Retrieved 2023-11-03.
- ^ "Storm Ciarán whips western Europe, blowing record winds in France and leaving millions without power". AP News. 2023-11-02. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
- ^ "Storm Ciaran in pictures: Flooded streets and huge waves as parts of England hit by high winds and driving rain". Sky News. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
- ^ "European Severe Weather Database". eswd.eu. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ "Storm Ciarán hield flink huis in Nederland, dit gebeurde er allemaal vandaag". RTL Nieuws (in Dutch). 2023-11-02. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
- ^ "Storm Ciarán: ANWB adviseert thuiswerk, NS past dienstregeling aan". De Telegraaf (in Dutch). 2023-11-01. Retrieved 2023-11-09.
- ^ "Sturm "Ciarán" zieht ab – Gefahr durch herabstürzende Äste im Wald bleibt". ndr.de (in German). Retrieved 2023-11-07.
- ^ "Storm Ciaran causes two deaths in Belgium". Reuters. 2023-11-02. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
- ^ "Una mujer de 23 años muere por la caída de un árbol en Madrid en plena borrasca 'Ciarán'". El País (in Spanish). 2023-11-02. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
- ^ "Tempête Ciaran: Un homme de 72 ans est mort en tombant de son balcon en France, 2e mort lié à la tempête dans le pays". sudinfo.be (in French). 2023-11-02. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
- ^ "One person killed as storm Ciarán blows down trees". DutchNews.nl. 2023-11-02. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
- ^ "Storm Ciarán brings record rainfall to Italy as European death toll rises to 14". Independent.ie. 2023-11-03. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
- ^ "Toscana: 6 morti e due dispersi. In Veneto si cerca un vigile del fuoco. Il cordoglio di Meloni". 2023-11-02.
- ^ "Falling trees, power cuts and a flying trampoline in Cornwall storm". BBC News. 2023-11-02. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
- ^ Cappucci, Matthew (2023-11-02). "Britain and France brace for hurricane-force winds from Storm Ciarán". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
- ^ "Atlantic Storm Ciaran: hurricane force wind gusts, waves up to 10m, severe weather and flood risk for western Europe and Italy". 3BMeteo | Previsioni Meteo (in Italian). 2023-10-30. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
- ^ Kelly, Justin. "Ireland weather latest on Storm Domingos with one area to be battered". www.leitrimobserver.ie. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ a b "Gales forecast but Jersey to miss worst of Storm Domingos". 2023-11-04.
- ^ "Yellow weather alert on the Costa del Sol due to arrival of storm Domingos". 2023-11-04.
- ^ "After Storm Ciarán in Mallorca comes Storm Domingos". 2023-11-03.
- ^ "Storm Domingos: French regions worried after third storm in a week". Le Monde.fr. 2023-11-05.
- ^ a b c "Inondations : la dépression Elisa apporte de nouvelles pluies, principalement dans le Pas-de-Calais | Météo-France". meteofrance.com. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ a b "Storm Debi" (PDF). Met Office. 2023-11-13.
- ^ "Storm Debi: 'Miracle' no one was killed after Galway business flooded". 2023-11-14.
- ^ "Storm Debi leaves trail of destruction as 'most intense storm' batters Ireland". 2023-11-13.
- ^ Met Éireann [@MetEireann] (2023-11-12). "#StormDebi will sweep across Ireland on Sunday night & Monday morning. There will be severe and damaging gusts, likely to lead to: 🏡 Damage to vulnerable structures 🚗 Dangerous travelling conditions ⚡️ Disruption to services & power lines" (Tweet). Retrieved 2023-11-12 – via Twitter.
- ^ Met Éireann [@MetEireann] (2023-11-12). "#StormDebi will sweep across Ireland on Sunday night & Monday morning. A wind warning is valid for all of Ireland. 🌳Fallen trees/branches 🌊Localised flooding & wave overtopping 🚗Hazardous travelling conditions ⏲️00:00–15:00 Monday 13/11" (Tweet). Retrieved 2023-11-12 – via Twitter.
- ^ "Status Red warnings issued for five counties as Storm Debi approaches". RTÉ News. 2023-11-12. Retrieved 2023-11-12.
- ^ Herbert, Charlie (2023-11-13). "Tornado warning issued in UK as Storm Debi brings 160kmph winds". Joe. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ "Storm Debi op komst: bekijk hier de verwachting!". Bestelmooiweer.nl. Retrieved 2023-11-13.
- ^ a b "Météo : encore de la pluie et du vent au passage de la dépression Frederico | Météo-France". meteofrance.com. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ a b "Storm Frederico: violent winds in Île-de-France and the north this Thursday News". www.celebsnet.com/. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ "UK weather warnings - Met Office". www.metoffice.gov.uk. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ a b "MeteoNews: Storm Frederico (15. November 2023)". meteonews.ch. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ "Storm Naming". Meteoam. Retrieved 2023-11-23.
- ^ a b c "Meteo Aeronautica Militare | La tempesta Alexis e il freddo in arrivo nel week end". www.meteoam.it. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ "Russia and Ukraine storm leaves two million without power". BBC News. 2023-11-27.
- ^ "Gif". met.fu-berlin.de. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
- ^ "Bulgaria's heavy snowfall crisis: States of emergency, school closures in some places". 2023-11-26.
- ^ a b "Storms and floods wreak havoc in Turkey, killing two". bianet.org. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ "At least 10 dead after heavy snowstorm sweeps across Ukraine". CNN. 2023-11-28.
- ^ a b "Three dead as first heavy snowfall and blizzards of winter hit eastern Europe". Independent.co.uk. 2023-11-27.
- ^ a b "Heavy storm leaves 1 missing, 4 injured in Crimea". 2023-11-27.
- ^ a b "BWK/FU-Berlin". Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ "Level 4 storm warning issued for western Greece | eKathimerini.com". www.ekathimerini.com. 2023-11-28.
- ^ "One dead after ship sinks off Greek island". 2023-11-26.
- ^ a b c d "Storm Naming, Denominazione delle tempeste | Meteo Aeronautica Militare". www.meteoam.it. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ a b S.L, Tutiempo Network. "Weather warnings - Italy". www.tutiempo.net. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ "MeteoNews: Alerts France". meteonews.fr. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ "MSN". www.msn.com.
- ^ a b "Gif 2". page.met.fu-berlin.de. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Second storm named as Elin will be immediately followed by Fergus". 2023-12-09.
- ^ "UK weather warnings - Met Office". www.metoffice.gov.uk. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ "BBC Weather - Home". BBC Weather. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ "Mapped: Met Office's latest severe weather warnings". Independent.co.uk. 2023-12-09.
- ^ a b "Storm Elin: 22 counties under Status Orange and Yellow warnings today, as Met Éireann issues more alerts for Storm Fergus tomorrow". 2023-12-09.
- ^ a b "Met Éireann issues wind and thunderstorm warnings for much of the country as Storm Fergus hits". 2023-12-10.
- ^ "Christmas getaway hit by Storm Pia's strong winds and strikes". BBC. 2023-12-21. Retrieved 2023-12-21.
- ^ "Schiphol schrapt donderdag ruim 200 vluchten om voorspelde harde wind | Binnenland | Telegraaf.nl". Retrieved 2024-01-22.
- ^ "Christmas getaway hit by Storm Pia's strong winds and strikes". BBC. 2023-12-21. Retrieved 2023-12-22.
- ^ a b "A storm in Europe disrupts German trains. A woman was killed by a falling Christmas tree in Belgium". WRAL News. 2023-12-22. Retrieved 2023-12-22.
- ^ "UPDATED: How is Storm Pia affecting travel in, to and from Denmark?". The Local. 2023-12-22. Retrieved 2023-12-22.
- ^ "Overlast en schade door hoge waterstand in combinatie met storm Pia". 2023-12-22.
- ^ "OVERBLIK: Pia har mest ført til anmeldelser om væltede træer". Ugeavisen. 2023-12-22. Retrieved 2023-12-22.
- ^ "Vrouw die gewond raakte bij storm Pia overleden". nos.nl (in Dutch). 2023-12-22. Retrieved 2023-12-22.
- ^ Redaktion (2023-12-23). "Herumfliegende Zaunelemente töten Mann: Sturm fordert Todesopfer in Bünde". Ruhr Nachrichten (in German). Retrieved 2023-12-23.
- ^ red, noe ORF at/Agenturen (2023-12-22). "Baum stürzte auf Hochstand: Jäger tot". noe.ORF.at (in German). Retrieved 2023-12-23.
- ^ "Hochwasser in NRW: Pegelstände steigen, mehrere Deiche gefährdet". www1.wdr.de (in German). 2023-12-23. Retrieved 2023-12-23.
- ^ "Nach Bootsunfall auf der Elbe: auch zweiter Such-Tag erfolglos abgebrochen". www.saechsische.de (in German). Retrieved 2023-12-23.
- ^ mdr.de. "Thüringen: Toter Mann aus der Werra geborgen | MDR.DE". www.mdr.de (in German). Retrieved 2023-12-23.
- ^ a b "Storm Gerrit, 27 to 28 December 2023" (PDF). Met Office.
- ^ Mathers, Matt (2023-12-28). "Three men die after 4x4 vehicle plunges into River Esk amid Storm Gerrit". MSN.
- ^ a b "Storm Gerrit named". Met Office. 2023-12-26.
- ^ "BWK/FU-Berlin". Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ a b c "Warnings & Advisories - Met Éireann - The Irish Meteorological Service". www.met.ie. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ "Storm Gerrit LIVE: Road closures and rail disruption continues in Tayside and Fife". The Courier. 2023-12-28.
- ^ a b @metoffice (2023-12-27). "Take a look below at some of the maximum wind gusts that we have seen so far today 🌬️" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ "UK weather - live updates: New Year's Eve events cancelled amid severe winds and heavy rain; more than 200 flood warnings and alerts issued". Sky News. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ "Events on 27 December 2023". TORRO. 2023-12-28. Retrieved 2023-12-30.
- ^ a b "Three men die after 4x4 vehicle plunges into River Esk amid Storm Gerrit". MSN.
- ^ "Weather continues to cause some problems". Shetland News. 2023-12-29.
- ^ "Ook al is het een dodelijke storm, Gerrit Hiemstra is toch trots op de vernoeming". AD (in Dutch). Retrieved 2024-01-06.
- ^ Deutscher Wetterdienst (2023-12-31). "Europe Weather Map for 31 December 2023" (in German). Free University of Berlin. Retrieved 2024-01-01.
- ^ "UK weather warnings - Met Office". www.metoffice.gov.uk. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ "VIGILANCE METEO PAS-DE-CALAIS (62) par Météo-France". vigilance.meteofrance.fr. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ a b "Storm Henk brings 94mph gusts and travel chaos". BBC News. 2024-01-02.
- ^ a b c Webb, Daniel Jae (2024-01-02). "Storm Henk: Person dies as car crushed by tree near Malmesbury" (News article). Wiltshire 999s. Archived from the original on 2024-01-02. Retrieved 2024-01-02.
- ^ Jolly, Bradley (2024-01-02). "Storm Henk claims first victim as one dies after tree crushes car". Daily Mirror. Retrieved 2024-01-03.
- ^ "Extreme weather ravages Europe: Cold grips Scandinavia, storm Henk hits Western Europe". 2024-01-04.
- ^ Kendon, Mike (2024-01-05). "Storm Henk, 2 January 2024" (PDF). Met Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-04-05. Retrieved 2024-06-25.
- ^ "BWK/FUBerlin". Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ Staff of the Meteorological Office (2024-01-02). "Storm Henk named by Met Office" (Press release). Met Office. Exeter, South West England: Department for Science, Innovation and Technology. Archived from the original on 2024-01-02. Retrieved 2024-01-02.
- ^ "UK weather warnings - Met Office". www.metoffice.gov.uk. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ Sam Freeman (2024-01-05). "Weather alerts issued as the River Cherwell floods". Cherwell. Retrieved 2024-01-06.
- ^ "Storm Henk: Flooding disruption continues in South West". BBC News. 2024-01-01. Retrieved 2024-01-04.
- ^ Norris, Phil (2023-12-30). "Flooding from the air: Images above Tewkesbury after Storm Gerrit hit". Gloucestershire Live. Retrieved 2024-01-04.
- ^ "UK weather: Heavy rain in south and major flooding in Nottinghamshire". BBC News. 2024-01-04. Retrieved 2024-01-04.
- ^ "Torrential rain in Bournemouth and flooding expected after weather warning". Bournemouth Echo. 2024-01-04. Retrieved 2024-01-04.
- ^ Clark, Daniel; Hawkins, Jamie (2024-01-04). "Devon landslip, roads flooded and warnings in place". Devon Live. Retrieved 2024-01-04.
- ^ Smith, Rob (2024-01-04). "Floods: 26 photos showing how Shrewsbury and Ironbridge have coped with high water". www.shropshirestar.com. Retrieved 2024-01-04.
- ^ "Storm Henk: Flooding forces Shrewsbury residents out of homes". BBC News. 2024-01-04. Retrieved 2024-01-04.
- ^ Morris, Steven (2024-01-03). "Man killed by falling tree as Storm Henk causes havoc in southern Britain". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2024-01-04.
- ^ "Several flood alerts in place in Wrexham and Flintshire after Storm Henk". The Leader. 2024-01-03. Retrieved 2024-01-04.
- ^ "Storm Henk: Orwell Bridge in Ipswich stays open despite amber warning for 60mph winds in East Anglia". ITV News. 2024-01-02.
- ^ "Woman taken to hospital after being hit by tree during Storm Henk in Orpington". 2024-01-02.
- ^ "Storm Henk: Woman, 87, dies after car crashes into fallen tree". BBC News. 2024-01-04. Retrieved 2024-01-04.
- ^ "Storm Henk: London Eye passenger describes roof hatch scare". BBC News. BBC. 2024-01-03. Retrieved 2024-01-03.
- ^ "London flooding: Floating bar sinks during Storm Henk". BBC News. 2024-01-05. Retrieved 2024-08-28.
- ^ a b "BWK/FU-Berlin". Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ "Heavy rain causes London travel chaos and major incident in Nottingham". 2024-01-05.
- ^ "Wetter und Klima - Deutscher Wetterdienst - Warnings". www.dwd.de. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ a b Meteorología, Agencia Estatal de. "Borrascas con gran impacto de la temporada 2023-24 - Agencia Estatal de Meteorología - AEMET. Gobierno de España". www.aemet.es. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ "IPMA - Weather warnings in timeline". www.ipma.pt. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ a b "53 incidents due to storm". www.theportugalnews.com. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ "BWK/FU-Berlin". Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ @AEMET_Esp (2024-01-15). "La #BorrascaIrene 🌀 ha sido nombrada por @meteofrance. Se notarán sus efectos hoy y mañana en Canarias y mañana y pasado mañana en la Península con más intensidad en su parte oeste: rachas de viento fuerte o muy fuerte y lluvia persistente" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ "Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera". www.ipma.pt. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ "VIGILANCE METEO FRANCE | Carte de vigilance météorologique sur la France". vigilance.meteofrance.fr. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ Meteorología, Agencia Estatal de. "Meteorological warnings - State Meteorological Agency - AEMET - Spanish Government". www.aemet.es. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ "Wetter und Klima – Deutscher Wetterdienst – Warnings". www.dwd.de.
- ^ Meteorología, Agencia Estatal de. "Borrascas con gran impacto de la temporada 2023–24 – Agencia Estatal de Meteorología – AEMET. Gobierno de España". www.aemet.es.
- ^ Meteorología, Agencia Estatal de. "Meteorological warnings – State Meteorological Agency – AEMET – Spanish Government". www.aemet.es.
- ^ "IPMA – Weather warnings in timeline". www.ipma.pt.
- ^ "Storm Isha has been named". Met Office.
- ^ "BWK/FU-Berlin". Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ @metoffice (2024-01-21). "⚠️ Weather warnings for #StormIsha have been updated ⚠️" (Tweet). Retrieved 2024-01-22 – via Twitter.
- ^ @metoffice (2024-01-21). "⚠️⚠️🔴 Red weather warning issued 🔴⚠️⚠️" (Tweet). Retrieved 2024-01-22 – via Twitter.
- ^ "Storm Isha: Status Red warning issued for three counties". RTÉ News. 2024-01-21. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
- ^ "KNMI – Weer – Waarschuwingen". www.knmi.nl.
- ^ Sheehy, Mairead (2024-01-21). "Storm Isha: Red alert issued, flights cancelled, as country under tornado watch". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
- ^ "Storm Isha hits Northumberland with gusts of nearly 100mph recorded near Alnwick". Retrieved 2024-01-22.
- ^ "Storm Isha: Flood alerts across Wales as 90mph winds hit". 2024-01-21. Retrieved 2024-01-22 – via www.bbc.co.uk.
- ^ "Ipswich's Orwell Bridge reopens to traffic following Storm Isha". 2024-01-21. Retrieved 2024-01-22 – via www.bbc.co.uk.
- ^ "All ScotRail services suspended over 90mph Storm Isha winds". BBC News. BBC. 2024-01-21. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
- ^ "Storm Isha: Two dead and thousands left without power". 2024-01-22. Retrieved 2024-01-22 – via www.bbc.co.uk.
- ^ a b c "Storms Isha and Jocelyn, 21 to 24 January 2024" (PDF). metoffice.gov.uk. Retrieved 2024-04-20.
- ^ "Storm Isha: Three killed in road traffic incidents in Mayo, Louth and Derry". The Irish Times. Retrieved 2024-01-22.
- ^ "Man dies after Storm Isha causes major travel disruption". 2024-01-22. Retrieved 2024-01-22 – via www.bbc.co.uk.
- ^ "Limavady: Man in his 60s dies in crash during Storm Isha". 2024-01-22. Retrieved 2024-01-22 – via www.bbc.co.uk.
- ^ "Sweden battered by more wild weather as storm Isha sweeps the country". Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ "Storm Jocelyn named". Met Office. Retrieved 2024-01-22.
- ^ "BWK/FU-Berlin". Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ "UK weather warnings". Met Office. Retrieved 2024-01-22.
- ^ "Wetter und Klima - Deutscher Wetterdienst - Warnings". Deutscher Wetterdienst.
- ^ "Storm report maps, severe weather alerts". burze.dzis.net.
- ^ "Varsler for Danmark". www.dmi.dk.
- ^ a b "Konsekvensbaserade varningar". www.smhi.se.
- ^ Clark, John-Paul (2024-01-24). "Man dies in Isle of Lewis crash that closed road for 12 hours amid Storm Jocelyn". Daily Record.
- ^ "Winter storm brings snowfall and chilling winds until Wednesday | eKathimerini.com". www.ekathimerini.com. 2024-01-29.
- ^ "HNMS, Hellenic National Meteorological Service". Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ "Warnings". Israel Meteorological Service.
- ^ "Weather Warning, Hellenic National Meteorological Service". Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ "Department of Meteorology". www.moa.gov.cy.
- ^ "Egypt: Adverse weather forecast across much of the country through at least Feb. 2". Egypt: Adverse weather forecast across much of the country through at least Feb. 2 | Crisis24.
- ^ a b c "Avsluttet: Ekstremværet Ingunn, kraftige vindkast i deler av Nordland". Meteorologisk institutt.
- ^ https://www.met.fu-berlin.de/de/wetter/maps/Analyse_20240130.gif
- ^ a b "Norway expects landslides, avalanches and heavy rain after the worst storm in over 30 years". Associated Press. 2024-02-02. Retrieved 2024-02-02.
- ^ "Norway's most powerful storm in over 30 years leaves a trail of destruction". Associated Press. 2024-02-01. Retrieved 2024-02-01.
- ^ "UK weather warnings - Met Office". www.metoffice.gov.uk.
- ^ "Weather Data". Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ "BBC Weather". Twitter.
- ^ a b c d https://page.met.fu-berlin.de/wetterpate/static/emtbkna.gif
- ^ "Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera". www.ipma.pt.
- ^ a b "VIGILANCE METEO FRANCE DEMAIN". vigilance.meteofrance.fr.
- ^ "UK weather warnings - Met Office". www.metoffice.gov.uk.
- ^ "Dépression Louis en Bretagne : des rafales jusqu'à 138 km/h enregistrées". Le Télégramme. 2024-02-22.
- ^ "UK weather warnings - Met Office". www.metoffice.gov.uk.
- ^ "PREVISIONS METEO FRANCE - Site Officiel de Météo-France - Prévisions gratuites à 15 jours sur la France et sur le monde". meteofrance.com.
- ^ "Storm Louis to bring gusts up to 110 km/h to the Netherlands this evening | NL Times". nltimes.nl.
- ^ "Gale to severe storm at sea as Storm Louis batters Belgium". vrtnws.be. 2024-02-22.
- ^ "weather maps". www.met.fu-berlin.de.
- ^ a b c d e "Storm Naming, Denominazione delle tempeste | Meteo Aeronautica Militare". www.meteoam.it.
- ^ "UK weather warnings - Met Office". www.metoffice.gov.uk.
- ^ "Flood alerts and warnings - GOV.UK". check-for-flooding.service.gov.uk. 2024-03-29.
- ^ a b "VIGILANCE METEO FRANCE | Carte de vigilance météorologique sur la France". vigilance.meteofrance.fr.
- ^ Meteorología, Agencia Estatal de. "Meteorological warnings - State Meteorological Agency - AEMET - Spanish Government". www.aemet.es.
- ^ a b "MeteoAlarm | Early Warnings for Europe". www.meteoalarm.org.
- ^ "weather maps". www.met.fu-berlin.de.
- ^ https://www.met.fu-berlin.de/de/wetter/maps/Analyse_20240313.gif
- ^ "Weather warnings in Norway". Yr.
- ^ a b "Wetter und Klima - Deutscher Wetterdienst - Warnings". www.dwd.de.
- ^ "Borrascas con gran impacto de la temporada 2023-24". AEMET (in Spanish).
- ^ "UK weather warnings". Met Office. Archived from the original on 2024-03-28.
- ^ "Warning for strong winds issued by the Met Office as Storm Nelson brings unsettled conditions before Easter". Sky News. 2024-03-27. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ "Avisos meteorológicos". AEMET (in Spanish).
- ^ Lorcy, Tifenn (2024-03-28). "Tempête Nelson : une "mini-tornade" à l'île d'Yeu a touché une soixantaine de maisons". actu.fr (in French). Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ "Lisbon weather: Waterspout looms over Vasco da Gama bridge". BBC News. 2024-03-29. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ Dollimore, Laurence (2024-03-28). "Four killed by Storm Nelson in Spain: Tourist and child are among the victims as death toll rises". The Olive Press. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ Booth, Rick (2024-03-29). "Brit among four killed as storm warning for European holiday hotspots". The Independent. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ "Weather Maps". www.met.fu-berlin.de.
- ^ "Warnings |". Estonian Environment Agency Weather Services. Retrieved 2024-04-22.
- ^ "MSN". www.msn.com. Retrieved 2024-04-22.
- ^ "Konsekvensbaserade varningar | SMHI | SMHI". www.smhi.se. Retrieved 2024-04-22.
- ^ a b Meteorología, Agencia Estatal de. "Borrascas con gran impacto de la temporada 2023-24 - Agencia Estatal de Meteorología - AEMET. Gobierno de España". www.aemet.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-04-22.
- ^ "Storm Names". www.metcheck.com.
- ^ "IPMA - Weather warnings in timeline". www.ipma.pt. Retrieved 2024-04-22.
- ^ Meteorología, Agencia Estatal de. "Avisos meteorológicos - Agencia Estatal de Meteorología - AEMET. Gobierno de España". www.aemet.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-04-22.
- ^ "UK weather warnings - Met Office". www.metoffice.gov.uk. Retrieved 2024-04-22.
- ^ a b c "Storm Kathleen named and weather warnings issued". Met Office. Retrieved 2024-04-22.
- ^ "UK weather warnings - Met Office". www.metoffice.gov.uk. Retrieved 2024-04-22.
- ^ "Storm Kathleen to bring strong winds". Met Office. 2024-04-05. Retrieved 2024-04-05.
- ^ a b "Storm Kathleen brings trees down and power outages". BBC News. 2024-04-06. Retrieved 2024-04-22.
- ^ "Storm Kathleen" (PDF). Met Office.
- ^ "Weather: Major tourist attraction closes and planes struggle to land as Storm Kathleen leaves thousands without power". Sky News. Retrieved 2024-04-22.
- ^ a b Gecsoyler, Sammy (2024-04-09). "Storm Kathleen: 200 evacuated after River Arun overflows in West Sussex". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2024-04-22.
- ^ "Family's 'lucky escape' after motorhome 'blown down hill' on NC500 route by Storm Kathleen". Sky News. Retrieved 2024-04-22.
- ^ "Analyse 2024". www.met.fu-berlin.de.
- ^ "UK weather warnings - Met Office". www.metoffice.gov.uk. Retrieved 2024-04-22.
- ^ "UK weather warnings - Met Office". www.metoffice.gov.uk. Retrieved 2024-04-22.
- ^ "Metro France". meteofrance.com.
- ^ "Another low-pressure area to bring wind and rain". Met Office. Retrieved 2024-04-22.
- ^ "Flood warnings and travel delays continue as high tides hit UK". BBC News. 2024-04-09. Retrieved 2024-04-22.
- ^ "Dépression Renata: trois départements en vigilance orange "vent violent"". RMC (in French). Retrieved 2024-04-22.
- ^ "maps". www.met.fu-berlin.de.
- ^ "BBC Weather - Home". BBC Weather. Retrieved 2024-04-22.
- ^ "UK weather warnings - Met Office". www.metoffice.gov.uk. Retrieved 2024-04-22.
- ^ "KNMI - Weer - Waarschuwingen". www.knmi.nl. Retrieved 2024-04-22.
- ^ "RMI - Overview Belgium". KMI. Retrieved 2024-04-22.
- ^ "Wetter und Klima - Deutscher Wetterdienst - Warnings". www.dwd.de. Retrieved 2024-04-22.
- ^ "UK weather: 'Tornado' hits town as severe wind warnings issued". Sky News. Retrieved 2024-04-22.
- ^ Wire (2024-04-15). "West Bridgford Tornado: 40 shocking images show extent of damage caused by freak weather event | West Bridgford Wire". Retrieved 2024-04-22.
- ^ "Storm Naming, Denominazione delle tempeste | Meteo Aeronautica Militare". www.meteoam.it. Retrieved 2024-04-22.
- ^ "MeteoAlarm | Early Warnings for Europe". www.meteoalarm.org. Retrieved 2024-04-22.
- ^ https://www.met.fu-berlin.de/de/wetter/maps/Analyse_20240531.gif
- ^ "Warning and forecasting systems - MeteoSwiss". www.meteoswiss.admin.ch.
- ^ "Storm Naming, Denominazione delle tempeste | Meteo Aeronautica Militare". www.meteoam.it.
- ^ "Storm Lilian named". Met Office.
- ^ "UK weather warnings". Met Office. 2024-11-22.
- ^ "UK Storm Centre". Met Office.
- ^ a b "Storm Lilian brings power cuts and downs trees across region". BBC News. 2024-08-23.
- ^ "Belfast flights cancelled as Storm Lilian disrupts travel across UK". 2024-08-23 – via www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk.
- ^ "MeteoAlarm | Early Warnings for Europe".
- ^ "UK, Ireland: Storm Agnes to bring adverse weather across Ireland and the UK through at least Sept. 29". crisis24.garda.com. Retrieved 2023-11-13.
- ^ "Storm Bernard leaves 2 dead, several injured in Spain". aa.com.tr. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
- ^ "Storm Celine expected to hit Portugal with heavy rain and storms this weekend". 2023-10-28.
- ^ "DTG Weather on Thursday 02 November 2023". Retrieved 2023-11-13.
- ^ "Dodental storm Ciarán loopt op tot 16, kosten door schade in Nederland vallen mee". Algemeen Dagblad (in Dutch). 2023-11-03. Retrieved 2023-11-15.
- ^ "La tempête Ciaran a fait douze morts en Europe". 2023-11-03.
- ^ "Storm Ciarán arrives: Trains and planes cancelled, first death recorded in Belgium". 2023-11-02.
- ^ "Tempête Ciaran : Un homme de 72 ans est mort en tombant de son balcon en France, 2e mort lié à la tempête dans le pays" (in French). 2023-11-02.
- ^ "Storm Domingos: French regions worried after third storm in a week". Le Monde.fr. 2023-11-05. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
- ^ "Storm Alexis brings flood risk in north Africa". BBC Weather.
- ^ "Storm Bettina tracks towards the Mediterranean". BBC Weather.
- ^ "Storm Henk named by Met Office". 2024-01-02.