Sir Jonathan Trelawny, 3rd Baronet

The Right Reverend

Sir Jonathan Trelawny

Bt
The Right Reverend; Sir Jonathan Trelawny; Bt
Bishop of Winchester
	Portrait by Godfrey Kneller, 1720
Church	Church of England
Diocese	Winchester
In office	1707–1721
Predecessor	Peter Mews
Successor	Charles Trimnell
Previous post(s)	Bishop of Bristol (1685–1689); Bishop of Exeter (1689–1707)
Orders
Consecration	8 November 1685; by William Sancroft
Personal details
Born	24 March 1650; Trelawne, Cornwall, England
Died	19 July 1721 (aged 71); Chelsea, Middlesex, England
Nationality	British
Denomination	Anglican
Education	Westminster School
Alma mater	Christ Church, Oxford

Arms of Trelawny: *Argent, a chevron sable*

Sir Jonathan Trelawny, 3rd Baronet (24 March 1650 – 19 July 1721) was Bishop of Bristol, Bishop of Exeter and Bishop of Winchester. Trelawny is best known for his role in the events leading up to the Glorious Revolution which are sometimes believed to be referenced in the Cornish anthem "The Song of the Western Men".

Life

He was born at Trelawne in the parish of Pelynt, Cornwall, the eldest surviving son of Sir Jonathan Trelawny, 2nd Baronet, and Mary Seymour, daughter of Sir Edward Seymour, 2nd Baronet. He was educated at Westminster School and then went to Christ Church, Oxford at the start of the Michaelmas term of 1668 where he distinguished himself as a scholar.

A staunch royalist, he was ordained in 1673 and became a beneficed clergyman. He was appointed rector of South Hill on 4 October and of St. Ives on 12 December 1677, becoming Bishop of Bristol in 1685. He was one of the Seven Bishops tried for seditious libel under James II. Trelawny and the other bishops petitioned against James II's Declaration of Indulgence in 1687 and 1688, (granting religious tolerance to Catholics) and as a result, he was arrested and imprisoned in the Tower of London on charges of seditious libel. The bishops said that whilst they were loyal to King James II, their consciences would not agree to allowing freedom of worship to Catholics even if it were to be within the privacy of their own homes as the Declaration proposed; thus they could not sign. Trelawny was held for three weeks before trial, then tried and acquitted; this led to great celebrations, with bells being rung in his home parish of Pelynt.^[1]

Trelawny was rewarded in 1689 by being appointed Bishop of Exeter (whilst still, until 1694, Archdeacon of Totnes) after the military defeat of James II and the accession of the Protestant William of Orange to the British throne. He was further rewarded by being appointed Bishop of Winchester in 1707, although his promotion was a matter of some controversy, as Queen Anne, who was determined to keep all important Church appointments within her own gift, overruled the advice of her ministers and of Thomas Tenison, the Archbishop of Canterbury in appointing him, thus provoking the so-called Bishoprics Crisis. He died in 1721, in Chelsea, Middlesex; his body was taken back to Pelynt for burial.

Family

He married Rebecca Hele, by whom he had twelve children:^[2]^[3]^[4]

Charlotte Trelawny (1687/8 – aft. 1745), unmarried
Letitia Trelawny (born 1689), married Sir Harry Trelawny, 5th Baronet
Sir John Trelawny, 4th Baronet (1691–1756)
Henry Trelawny (1692–1707), fought in the War of the Spanish Succession and died with Admiral Sir Cloudesley Shovell aboard HMS Association during the Scilly naval disaster of 1707.^[5]
Charles Trelawny (1694 – 24 August 1721), without issue, prebendary of Westminster
Rebecca Trelawny (1696–1743), married John Francis Buller in 1716
Elizabeth Trelawny (1697 – 25 January 1744), married Rev. George Allanson (died 1741), Archdeacon of Cornwall
Edward Trelawny (1699–1754), became governor of Jamaica
Mary Trelawny (born 1700), died in infancy
Rev. Hele Trelawny (1703–1740), without issue
Jonathan Trelawny (born 1705), died in infancy
Anne Trelawny (1707–1745), unmarried

Reputation

It is sometimes suggested that Bishop Trelawny was immortalised in the Cornish Anthem, "The Song of the Western Men", better known simply as "Trelawny", written over a century later and composed by Parson Robert Stephen Hawker, vicar of Morwenstow.

And shall Trelawny live?

Or shall Trelawny die!

Here's twenty thousand Cornish men

Will know the reason why!^[1]

Notes

^ ^a ^b Chisholm 1911.
^ Kimber, Edward; Johnson, Richard; Wotton, Thomas (1771). The Baronetage of England. G. Woodfall. p. 311. Retrieved 2 August 2007.
^ Vivian, John Lambrick (1887). The Visitation of Cornwall. pp. 477–478.
^ Debrett, John (1835). Debrett's Baronetage of England. p. 42.
^ James Herbert Cooke, The Shipwreck of Sir Cloudesley Shovell on the Scilly Islands in 1707, From Original and Contemporary Documents Hitherto Unpublished, Read at a Meeting of the Society of Antiquaries, London, 1 Feb. 1883

References

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Trelawny, Sir Jonathan". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Twemlow, Jesse Alfred (1899). "Trelawny, Jonathan" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 57. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
Coleby, Andrew M. "Trelawny, Sir Jonathan, third baronet (1650–1721)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/27689. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

External links

Who was Trelawny? by Tom Prout, Editor of the Trelawny's Army Newsletter.

Church of England titles
Preceded by John Lake	Bishop of Bristol 1685–1689	Succeeded by Gilbert Ironside
Preceded by Thomas Lamplugh	Bishop of Exeter 1689–1707	Succeeded by Ofspring Blackall
Preceded by Peter Mews	Bishop of Winchester 1707–1721	Succeeded by Charles Trimnell
Honorary titles
Preceded by John Trelawny	Vice-Admiral of South Cornwall 1682–1693	Succeeded by Henry Trelawny
Baronetage of England
Preceded by Jonathan Trelawny	Baronet (of Trelawney) 1681–1721	Succeeded by John Trelawny

[FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-1] Chisholm 1911.

[baronetage-2] Kimber, Edward; Johnson, Richard; Wotton, Thomas (1771). The Baronetage of England. G. Woodfall. p. 311. Retrieved 2 August 2007.

[3] Vivian, John Lambrick (1887). The Visitation of Cornwall. pp. 477–478.

[4] Debrett, John (1835). Debrett's Baronetage of England. p. 42.

[Antiquaries-5] James Herbert Cooke, The Shipwreck of Sir Cloudesley Shovell on the Scilly Islands in 1707, From Original and Contemporary Documents Hitherto Unpublished, Read at a Meeting of the Society of Antiquaries, London, 1 Feb. 1883

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[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

v t e Archdeacons of Totnes
High Medieval	John de Bradelgehe Hugh de Avigo Ascelinus Baldwin of Forde Robert Bernard John Fitz-John Gilbert Basset Walter de Gray John de Bridport Thomas de Boues Richard Cowe Hugh Ysaac John de Kent Roger de Wynkleigh Thomas Pincerna John Geoffrey William de Pembroke Richard Blunt Thomas de Hertford Henry de Bolleghe Thomas de Bodham Roger le Rous
Late Medieval	Thomas de Charlton William de Puntyngdon Roger de Charlton John de Northwode v. John Piers Peter de Gildesburgh v. Richard de Swinnerton William Steele v. Richard de Drax Hugh de Bridham v. Richard Desbunton John Lydford William Hunden William Barton John Typhane Alan Kirketon John Burneby Thomas Manning Thomas Chippenham Owen Lord William Wagott Patrick Haliburton Edmund Chaderton Ralph Heathcott John Fulford Richard Sydnor George Carew
Early modern	William Collumpton William Fawell John Pollard Thomas Kent Robert Lougher Oliver Whiddon John Cole Lewis Swete William Parker Jasper Swift William Cotton Edward Cotton Francis Fullwood in commendam: The Bishop, Sir Jonathan Trelawney George Snell Francis Atterbury Nicholas Kendall George Baker Thomas Skynner Ralph Barnes Robert Froude
Late modern	John Downall Alfred Earle Charles Wilkinson Arthur Simms Newton Leeke John Cobham Edgar Hall John Hawkins John Newhouse John Lucas Richard Hawkins Tony Tremlett Richard Gilpin John Rawlings Clive Cohen (Acting) Douglas Dettmer

v t e Bishops of Bristol
For the sole Bishop suffragan of Bristol, see Henry Holbeach
Bristol (1542)	Paul Bush John Holyman Richard Cheyney John Bullingham Richard Fletcher John Thornborough Nicholas Felton Rowland Searchfield Robert Wright George Coke Robert Skinner Thomas Westfield Thomas Howell Episcopacy abolished (Commonwealth) Gilbert Ironside (Er) Guy Carleton William Gulston John Lake Gilbert Ironside (Yr) John Hall John Robinson George Smalridge Hugh Boulter William Bradshaw Charles Cecil Thomas Secker Thomas Gooch Joseph Butler John Conybeare John Hume Philip Yonge Thomas Newton Lewis Bagot Christopher Wilson Spencer Madan Reginald Courtenay Folliott Cornewall George Pelham John Luxmoore William Lort Mansel John Kaye Robert Gray Joseph Allen Diocese dissolved; see Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol
Bristol (1897)	George Forrest Browne George Nickson Clifford Woodward Frederick Cockin Oliver Tomkins John Tinsley Barry Rogerson Mike Hill Lee Rayfield (acting) Vivienne Faull

v t e Bishops of Exeter
Bishops of Crediton	Werstan (bishop at Tawton) Putta (bishop at Tawton) Eadwulf Æthelgar Ælfwold I Sideman Ælfric Ælfwold II Ælfwold III Eadnoth Lyfing of Winchester Leofric see translated to Exeter
High Medieval	Leofric Osbern FitzOsbern William Warelwast Robert Warelwast Robert of Chichester Bartholomew Iscanus John the Chanter Henry Marshal Simon of Apulia William Briwere Richard Blund Walter Branscombe Peter Quinel Thomas Bitton
Late Medieval	Walter de Stapledon James Berkeley John Godeley John Grandisson Thomas de Brantingham Edmund Stafford John Catterick Edmund Lacey John Hales George Neville John Booth Peter Courtenay Richard Foxe Oliver King Richard Redman
Early modern	John Arundel Hugh Oldham John Vesey Myles Coverdale John Vesey James Turberville William Alley William Bradbridge John Woolton Gervase Babington William Cotton Valentine Cary Joseph Hall Ralph Brownrigg Episcopacy abolished (Commonwealth) John Gauden Seth Ward Anthony Sparrow Thomas Lamplugh Sir Jonathan Trelawney Bt Ofspring Blackall Lancelot Blackburne Stephen Weston Nicholas Clagett George Lavington Frederick Keppel John Ross William Buller Reginald Courtenay
Late modern	John Fisher George Pelham William Carey Christopher Bethell Henry Phillpotts Frederick Temple Edward Bickersteth Herbert Edward Ryle Archibald Robertson Lord William Cecil Charles Curzon Robert Mortimer Eric Mercer Hewlett Thompson Michael Langrish John Ford (acting) Nick McKinnel (acting) Robert Atwell Mike Harrison

v t e Bishops of Winchester
Early Medieval 634–1006	Birinus, Bishop of Dorchester Agilbert, Bishop of Dorchester Wine Leuthere Hædde Daniel Hunfrith Cyneheard Æthelheard Ecgbald Dudd Cyneberht Ealhmund Wigthegn Herefrith (disputed) Eadmund (disputed) Eadhun Helmstan Swithun Ealhferth Tunbeorht Denewulf Frithestan Beornstan/Byrnstan Ælfheah I Ælfsige I Beorhthelm Æthelwold I Ælfheah II	Arms of the Bishop of Winchester
High Medieval 1006–1304	Cenwulf Æthelwold II Ælfsige II Ælfwine Stigand Walkelin William Giffard Henry of Blois Richard of Ilchester Godfrey de Luci Richard Poore Peter des Roches Ralph Neville William de Raley Aymer de Valence Andrew of London William de Taunton John Gervais Nicholas of Ely Robert Burnell Richard de la More John of Pontoise
Late Medieval 1305–1501	Henry Woodlock John Sandale Rigaud of Assier John de Stratford Adam Orleton William Edington William of Wykeham Henry Beaufort William Waynflete Peter Courtenay Thomas Langton
Early Modern 1501–1820	Richard Foxe Thomas Wolsey Stephen Gardiner John Ponet Stephen Gardiner John White Robert Horne John Watson Thomas Cooper William Wickham William Day Thomas Bilson James Montague Lancelot Andrewes Richard Neile Walter Curle Episcopacy abolished (Commonwealth) Brian Duppa George Morley Peter Mews Jonathan Trelawny Charles Trimnell Richard Willis Benjamin Hoadly John Thomas Brownlow North
Late Modern 1820–current	George Pretyman Tomline Charles Sumner Samuel Wilberforce Harold Browne Anthony Thorold Randall Davidson Herbert Ryle Edward Talbot Theodore Woods Cyril Garbett Mervyn Haigh Alwyn Williams Falkner Allison John Taylor Colin James Michael Scott-Joynt Tim Dakin Philip Mounstephen

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