Sima Wang
| Sima Wang 司馬望 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prince of Yiyang (義陽王) | |||||||||
| Tenure | 9 February 266[1] – 16 August 271 | ||||||||
| Successor | Sima Qi[2] | ||||||||
| Born | 205 | ||||||||
| Died | 16 August 271 (aged 66) | ||||||||
| Issue Detail |
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| House | House of Sima | ||||||||
| Father | Sima Fu | ||||||||
Sima Wang (205 – 16 August 271[3]), courtesy name Zichu, posthumously known as Prince Cheng of Yiyang (义阳成王), was an imperial prince and military general of the Jin dynasty of China. He previously served in the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period.
Life
[edit]Sima Wang was the second son of Sima Fu but he was adopted by his eldest uncle Sima Lang, who had no son to succeed him; Sima Wang was therefore officially Sima Lang's heir. He started his official career in the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period and served in various positions, including Administrator (太守) of Pingyang Commandery (平陽郡) and Agriculture General of the Household of Luoyang (洛陽典農中郎將). In 251, he accompanied his uncle Sima Yi on a campaign against Wang Ling, who started a rebellion. After the rebellion was suppressed, the Wei government enfeoffed him as the Marquis of Yong'an Village (永安亭侯) to honour him for his contributions. Later, Sima Wang was promoted to a district marquis under the title "Marquis of Anle District" (安樂鄉侯) and given greater responsibilities as General Who Protects the Army (護軍將軍) and Regular Mounted Attendant (散騎常侍).
The Wei emperor Cao Mao (r. 254–260) was particularly fond of the literati, so he became close to notable members of the literati such as Sima Wang, Pei Xiu, Wang Chen and Zhong Hui. Cao Mao was known for being impatient and he wanted them to come for the banquets he hosted in the shortest time possible. Since Pei Xiu, Wang Chen, Zhong Hui and the others served as officials in the imperial palace, they were able to make it on time. Sima Wang, however, took more time to reach the imperial palace because he was stationed in a military camp. Cao Mao then gave him a fast-moving chariot so that he could travel faster, and also provided him five imperial guards as escorts.
At the time, Cao Mao was merely a puppet emperor as actual power was in the hands of the regent Sima Zhao (Sima Wang's cousin). Although Sima Wang was close to Cao Mao, he often felt uneasy in the emperor's presence so he requested to be assigned to positions far away from Luoyang, the imperial capital.[4] Cao Mao then appointed him as General Who Attacks the West (征西將軍) and granted him imperial authority to oversee military affairs in Yong and Liang provinces on Wei's western border. Before Sima Wang arrived in Yong and Liang provinces, the region was constantly under attack by Wei's rival state, Shu, as the Shu general Jiang Wei launched a series of invasions. After Sima Wang showed up, he strengthened the defences in the region and implemented new defensive strategies which successfully kept the enemy at bay and prevented them from gaining ground. After spending about eight years on the western border, Sima Wang was summoned back to Luoyang to serve as General of the Guards (衛將軍) and later as General of Agile Cavalry (驃騎將軍). Shortly after, he replaced He Zeng (何曾) as Minister over the Masses (司徒).
In February 266, following Sima Zhao's death in September 265, his son Sima Yan (Emperor Wu) usurped the throne from the last Wei emperor Cao Huan and established the Jin dynasty with himself as the emperor. After his accession, Emperor Wu enfeoffed Sima Wang as the Prince of Yiyang (義陽王), with a princedom comprising 10,000 taxable households, as well as 2,000 troops under his command. At the same occasion, his father, brothers and two sons Sima Hong (father of Sima Wei) and Sima Mao were also made princes. On 19 October 267,[5] Emperor Wu appointed Sima Wang as Grand Commandant (太尉).
In c.December 268,[6] Shi Ji, a general from the Jin dynasty's rival state Eastern Wu, led troops to invade Jiangxia Commandery (江夏郡). Sima Wang led 20,000 troops to garrison at Longbei (龍陂) and strengthen the defences around Jiangxia Commandery. Emperor Wu also granted him imperial authority and appointed him as Grand Chief Controller to supervise military affairs in the region. He returned to Luoyang after the Wu invaders were driven back by Hu Lie (胡烈), the Inspector of Jing Province. Sometime in the late 260s, the Wu general Ding Feng led his troops to attack the Jin position at Quebei (芍陂). When Sima Wang heard about it, he led Jin forces to repel the invasion but Ding Feng had already retreated on his own by the time Sima Wang reached Quebei. Emperor Wu further promoted Sima Wang to Grand Marshal (大司馬).[7]
In 271, the Wu emperor Sun Hao personally led an invasion force to attack Shouchun (壽春; present-day Shou County, Anhui). Sima Wang then led 20,000 infantry and 3,000 cavalry to the Huai River region to strengthen the defences in the region. Sun Hao eventually withdrew his forces and returned to Wu. Sima Wang died later in August that year at the age of 67 (by East Asian age reckoning). Emperor Wu honoured him with the posthumous title "Prince Cheng" (成王); hence Sima Wang was formally referred to as "Prince Cheng of Yiyang". As Sima Wang was miserly and stingy while he was still alive, his family owned much wealth and property at the time of his death. Others scorned him for such behaviour. Sima Wang predeceased his father, who died in April the following year.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ (泰始元年冬十二月...丁卯，...封皇叔祖父孚为安平王，...皇从伯父望为义阳王...) Jin Shu, vol.03
- ^ Sima Qi was the son of Sima Yi, Wang's eldest son. Since Yi predeceased his father, Wang's title of "Prince of Yiyang" was inherited by Qi. (弈至黄门郎，先望卒。整亦早亡。以弈子奇袭爵。) Jin Shu, vol.37. However, in June or July 288, Sima Qi lost his title due to an offence. ([太康九年]五月，义阳王奇有罪，黜为三纵亭侯。) Jin Shu, vol.03; the month corresponds to 16 Jun to 15 Jul 288 in the Julian calendar. The title of Prince of Yiyang was then granted to Sima Wei.
- ^ ([泰始七年]六月，....辛丑，大司马义阳王望薨。) Jin Shu, vol.03
- ^ Cao Mao himself would later die in June 260.
- ^ ([泰始三年]九月甲申，...以太尉何曾为太保，义阳王望为太尉...) Jin Shu, vol.03
- ^ (吴主出东关，[泰始四年]冬，十月，使其将施绩入江夏，万彧寇襄阳。诏义阳王望统中军步骑二万屯龙陂，为二方声援。会荆州刺史胡烈拒绩，破之，望引兵还。) Zizhi Tongjian, vol.79; the month corresponds to 22 Nov to 20 Dec 268 in the Julian calendar.
- ^ (俄而吴将丁奉寇芍陂，望又率诸军以赴之，未至而奉退。拜大司马。) Jin Shu, vol.37. Vol.79 of Zizhi Tongjian recorded an attack by Ding Feng on Quebei in late 268; in said record, Zhuge Jing was also in the Eastern Wu expedition, and the expedition was resisted by Wang's cousin Sima Jun.
- Chen, Shou (3rd century). Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi).
- Fang, Xuanling (ed.) (648). Book of Jin (Jin Shu).
- Pei, Songzhi (5th century). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi zhu).
- Sima, Guang (1084). Zizhi Tongjian.