Qa (Mongolic)
Qa is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.[1]: 549–551
Mongolian language
[edit]
Look up ᠬ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
| Qa | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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| The Mongolian script | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mongolian vowels | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Mongolian consonants | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Foreign consonants | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Letter[2]: 14, 17, 21, 24–25 [3]: 546 [4]: 212–213 | ||
|---|---|---|
| q | k | Transliteration[note 1] |
| ᠬ | 
|
Initial |
| ᠬ |
|
Medial (syllable-initial) |
| — | — | Medial (syllable-final) |
| — | — | Final |
| C-V syllables[2]: 15 [6]: 19 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| q‑a | qa | ke | ki | qo, qu | kö, kü | Transliteration |
| — | ᠬᠠ [note 2] |
ᠬᠡ [note 3] |
ᠬᠢ [note 4] |
ᠬᠣ᠋ | ᠬᠥ⟨?⟩ ⟨w/o tail⟩ [note 5] |
Alone |
| ᠬᠥ᠋⟨?⟩ ⟨w/ tail⟩ | ||||||
| — | ᠬᠠ | ᠬᠡ | ᠬᠢ | ᠬᠣ | ᠬᠥ | Initial |
| — | ᠬᠠ | ᠬᠡ | ᠬᠢ | ᠬᠣ | ᠬᠥ | Medial |
ᠬᠠ⟨?⟩ ⟨  ⟩
|
— | ᠬᠡ | ᠬᠢ | ᠬᠣ | ᠬᠥ | Final |
| Separated suffixes[note 6] | ||
|---|---|---|
| ‑ki | ‑kin | Transliteration |
| ᠬᠢ | ᠬᠢᠨ | Whole |
q/k
[edit]- Transcribes Chakhar /x/;[11][12] Khalkha /x/.[citation needed] Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter [[[Kha (Cyrillic)|х]]] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 18) (help).[6][5]
- Produced with H using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.[13]
- In the Mongolian Unicode block, q/k comes after p and before [[[Ga (Mongolic)#Mongolian language|γ/g]]] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 36) (help).
q
[edit]- Distinction from other tooth-shaped letters by position in syllable sequence.[citation needed]
- A separated isolate-shaped
‑q appears in the Uyghur loan title [ayaγ‑q‑a tegimlig] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 4) (help) 'worthy of respect; reverend'.[3]: 546 [14]: 43 - Derived from Old Uyghur merged gimel and heth (𐽲).[3]: 539–540, 545–546 [15]: 111, 113–115 [16]: 35
k
[edit]- Syllable-initially indistinguishable from g.[2]: 15, 24 [9]: 9
- Derived from Old Uyghur kaph (𐽷).[3]: 539–540, 545–546 [15]: 111, 113, 115 [16]: 35
Clear Script
[edit]Look up ᡍ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Notes
[edit]- ^ Scholarly transliteration.[5]
- ^ As in ᠬᠠ/ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠭᠠ⟨?⟩ qa/[qamiγ‑a] Error: [undefined] Error: {{Transliteration}}: missing language / script code (help): transliteration text not Latin script (pos 5) (help) (хаа khaa) 'where'.[8]: 895, 923
- ^ As in ᠬᠡ/ᠬᠡᠭᠡ/ᠬᠡᠭᠡᠨ ke/kege/kegen (хээ khee) 'pattern, piping, design, stamp'.[8]: 438, 442
- ^ See the separated ᠬᠢ ‑ki suffix.[8]
- ^ As in the strengthening (emphatic) ᠭᠦ⟨?⟩ kü (хүү khüü) particle,[8]: 494 [9]: 46 or ᠬᠥ⟨?⟩/ᠬᠥᠭᠡ kö/köge (хөө khöö) 'soot; obstacle, hindrance; trouble', or 'ring of mail'.[8]: 475, 478
- ^ Separated suffixes starting with the letter k include: ᠬᠢ ‑ki or ᠬᠢᠨ ‑kin (case-bound possession).[10]
References
[edit]- ^ "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
- ^ a b c Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.
- ^ a b c d Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.
- ^ Bat-Ireedui, Jantsangiyn; Sanders, Alan J. K. (2015-08-14). Colloquial Mongolian: The Complete Course for Beginners. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-30598-9.
- ^ a b "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.
- ^ a b Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.
- ^ "Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
- ^ a b c d e Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi;: xii as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.[7]
- ^ a b Grønbech, Kaare; Krueger, John Richard (1993). An Introduction to Classical (literary) Mongolian: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, Glossary. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-03298-8.
- ^ "PROPOSAL Encode Mongolian Suffix Connector (U+180F) To Replace Narrow Non-Breaking Space (U+202F)" (PDF). UTC Document Register for 2017. 2017-01-15.
- ^ "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
- ^ "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
- ^ jowilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
- ^ Kara, György (2005). Books of the Mongolian Nomads: More Than Eight Centuries of Writing Mongolian. Indiana University, Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies. ISBN 978-0-933070-52-3.
- ^ a b Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.
- ^ a b Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.