Portal:Turkey

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Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to the east; Iraq, Syria, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south; and the Aegean Sea, Greece, and Bulgaria to the west. Turkey is home to over 85 million people; most are ethnic Turks, while ethnic Kurds are the largest ethnic minority. Officially a secular state, Turkey has a Muslim-majority population. Ankara is Turkey's capital and second-largest city. Istanbul is its largest city and economic center. Other major cities include İzmir, Bursa, and Antalya.

First inhabited by modern humans during the Late Paleolithic, present-day Turkey was home to various ancient peoples. The Hattians were assimilated by the Hittites and other Anatolian peoples. Classical Anatolia transitioned into cultural Hellenization after Alexander the Great's conquests, and later Romanization during the Roman and Byzantine eras. The Seljuk Turks began migrating into Anatolia in the 11th century, starting the Turkification process. The Seljuk Sultanate of Rum ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1243, when it disintegrated into Turkish principalities. Beginning in 1299, the Ottomans united the principalities and expanded. Mehmed II conquered Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) in 1453. During the reigns of Selim I and Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire became a global power. From 1789 onwards, the empire saw major changes, reforms, centralization, and rising nationalism while its territory declined.

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction and in the Russian Empire resulted in large-scale loss of life and mass migration into modern-day Turkey from the Balkans, Caucasus, and Crimea. Under the control of the Three Pashas, the Ottoman Empire entered World War I in 1914, during which the Ottoman government committed genocides against its Armenian, Greek, and Assyrian subjects. Following Ottoman defeat, the Turkish War of Independence resulted in the abolition of the sultanate and the signing of the Treaty of Lausanne. Turkey emerged as a more homogenous nation state. The Republic was proclaimed on 29 October 1923, modelled on the reforms initiated by the country's first president, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Turkey remained neutral during most of World War II, but was involved in the Korean War. Several military interventions interfered with the transition to a multi-party system.

Turkey is an upper-middle-income and emerging country; its economy is the world's 16th-largest by nominal and 12th-largest by PPP-adjusted GDP. As the 15th-largest electricity producer in the world, Turkey aims to become a hub for regional energy transportation. It is a unitary presidential republic. Turkey is a founding member of the OECD, G20, and Organization of Turkic States. With a geopolitically significant location, Turkey is a NATO member and has its second-largest military force. It may be recognized as an emerging, a middle, and a regional power. As an EU candidate, Turkey is part of the EU Customs Union.

Turkey has coastal plains, a high central plateau, and various mountain ranges; its climate is temperate with harsher conditions in the interior. Home to three biodiversity hotspots, Turkey is prone to frequent earthquakes and is highly vulnerable to climate change. Turkey has a universal healthcare system, growing access to education, and increasing levels of innovativeness. It is a leading TV content exporter. With numerous UNESCO World Heritage sites and intangible cultural heritage inscriptions, and a rich and diverse cuisine, Turkey is the fifth most visited country in the world. (Full article...)

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Karagöz (left) and Hacivat (right)

Karagöz (lit. 'Blackeye' in Turkish) and Hacivat (shortened in time from "Hacı İvaz" meaning "İvaz the Pilgrim", and also sometimes written as Hacivad) are the lead characters of the traditional Turkish shadow play, popularized during the Ottoman period and then spread to most nation states of the Ottoman Empire. It is most prominent in Turkey, Syria, Egypt, Greece, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Adjara (autonomous republic of Georgia). In Greece, Karagöz is known by his local name Karagiozis; in Bosnia and Herzegovina, he is known by his local name Karađoz. (Full article...)

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General images

The following are images from various Turkey-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Butterfly Valley on the Turkish Riviera. (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 2Mehmed II enters Constantinople by Fausto Zonaro (from History of Turkey)
Image 3Map showing events of the first phases of the Greco-Persian Wars (from History of Turkey)
Image 4Tevfik Fikret (1867–1915) was a prominent Turkish poet of the late Ottoman era. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 5Thrace and the Thracian Odrysian kingdom in its maximum extent under Sitalces (431-424 BC) (from History of Turkey)
Image 6Mount Nemrut, Adıyaman (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 7Anıtkabir designed by Emin Halid Onat and Ahmet Orhan Arda (1944–53) (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 8Yalikavak Palmarina in Bodrum (2014) designed by Emre Arolat (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 9Beaches and marina of Kemer near Antalya on the Turkish Riviera. (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 10Roosevelt, İnönü and Churchill at the Second Cairo Conference which was held between 4–6 December 1943. (from History of Turkey)
Image 11Mount Ararat (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 12First Ziraat Bank Headquarters (1925–29) in Ankara designed by Giulio Mongeri is an important symbol of the First National Architectural Movement. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 13Atatürk on the cover of the Time magazine, Vol. I No. 4, March 24, 1923. Title: "Mustapha Kemal Pasha" (from History of Turkey)
Image 14Recaizade Mahmud Ekrem (1847–1914) was another prominent Turkish poet of the late Ottoman era. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 15Orhan Pamuk, winner of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Literature. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 16Karagöz and Hacivat are the lead characters of Turkish shadow play, popularized during the Ottoman period. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 17Selimiye Mosque in Edirne (1568–1574) (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 18Antalya (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 19Mount Erciyes near Kayseri (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 20Köppen climate types of Turkey (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 21Night view of the Taksim Mosque (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 22Ankara Opera House, designed by Şevki Balmumcu (1933–34) and renovation by Paul Bonatz (1946–47). (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 23The empire in 555 under Justinian the Great, at its greatest extent since the fall of the Western Roman Empire (its vassals in pink) (from History of Turkey)
Image 24A view of Levent from Kanlıca across the Bosporus. (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 25Map of the Lydian Kingdom in its final period of sovereignty under Croesus, c. 547 BC. (from History of Turkey)
Image 26Designed by Şekip Akalın, Ankara Central Station (1937) is a notable art deco design of its era. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 27Entrance portal of the Karatay Madrasa in Konya (c. 1251) (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 28Originally a church, later a mosque, and now a Grand mosque, the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul was built by the Byzantines in the 6th century. (from History of Turkey)
Image 29The sultan of the golden age, Suleiman the Magnificent. (from History of Turkey)
Image 30Istanbul (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 31Istanbul Sapphire (2006–11) is the tallest building in Turkey and 4th in Europe. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 32Orhan Veli Kanık was the founder of the Garip Movement in Turkish poetry. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 33The Ottoman Empire in 1683, at the start of the Great Turkish War (1683–1699) (from History of Turkey)
Image 34Kaçkar Mountains. (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 35Istanbul University Faculty of Science and Faculty of Literature Buildings (1944–52) designed by Sedad Hakkı Eldem and Emin Onat (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 36Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca was one of the most prolific Turkish poets of the Turkish Republic with more than 60 collections of his poems published, laureate of the Struga Poetry Evenings Golden Wreath Award. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 37View of Dilek Peninsula-Büyük Menderes Delta National Park (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 38Turkish coffee (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 39Lake Van (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 40Ankara (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 41Turkish national basketball team won the silver medal in the 2010 FIBA World Championship. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 42The Bath-Gymnasium complex at Sardis in Turkey. (from History of Turkey)
Image 43Turkish delight (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 44Map of Istanbul by the miniature artist Matrakçı Nasuh (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 45View from Levent district in Istanbul. Istanbul's skyline has changed especially since the early 2000s. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 46Map showing the Anatolian Plate, the North Anatolian Fault and East Anatolian Fault in Turkey. (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 47An oil wrestling tournament in Istanbul. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 48View of Beydağları Coastal National Park (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 49Map of earthquakes in Turkey 1900–2023 (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 50The Nation's Library of the Presidency, Ankara (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 51Namık Kemal was a prominent Turkish poet, novelist, playwright and journalist of the late-19th-century Ottoman Empire. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 52Sami Frashëri (1850–1904) and his wife Emine, May 1884. (from Culture of Turkey)

Did you know - show different entries

... that the Grand Bazaar in Istanbul, one of the largest covered markets in the world, attracts between 250,000 and 400,000 visitors daily? (March 19, 2012)
... that the Crusade of Varna required simultaneous attacks on the Muslim Ottoman Empire by Christian Hungary and the Muslim Karamanids, which did not occur? (May 28, 2007) Wikipedia:Recent additions 144
... that footballer Hasan Ahmet Sari left Istanbul with his family after living through the 1999 İzmit earthquake? (August 18, 2011)
... that Levantine architect of French descent Raymond Charles Père (1854-1929), who designed the landmark of Izmir (pictured) in Turkey, was a native of Izmir? (February 18, 2009) Wikipedia:Recent additions 241
... that the Esma Sultana Mansion
(pictured), a multipurpose event venue in Istanbul, Turkey, looks ruined because only its interior was reconstructed after a 1975 fire? (December 1, 2008)
... that Hakan Kıran, Turkish architect of the Golden Horn Metro Bridge, chose his profession because he was impressed by the concept of the town constructed by the French, in which he grew up? (February 14, 2014)
... that the Manastır Mosque
(pictured) in Istanbul is one of the few surviving Byzantine religious buildings of Constantinople whose dedication remains uncertain? (November 9, 2010)

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Image 1Rize
Image 2Flag of Turkey, from flowers
Image 3the Bosphorus Bridge
Image 4An airplane with a nazar boncuğu symbol that is said to offer protection from the "evil eye".
Image 5The sun setting over the Golden Horn in the city of Istanbul.
Image 6Tünel, Istanbul
Image 7A Kocek
Image 8Cappadocia
Image 9Tarkan with Hungarian fans
Image 10Atatürk praying
Image 111. picture on portal: The prominent towers of Dayro d-Mor Gabriel; 15th December 2005
Image 12Mount Nemrut
Image 13Lahmacun
Image 14A faculty of Sakarya University
Image 15The Temple of Athena at Priene, an ancient site near Turunçlar in Aydın province.
Image 1618th-century Ottoman barber's apron
Image 17The tughra of Mahmud II. "Mahmud Han bin Abdulhamid muzaffer daima" ("Mahmud Khan son of Abdulhamid is forever victorious").
Image 18Aydilge Sarp; Turkish singer, songwriter and novelist
Image 19Antalya
Image 20Ölüdeniz
Image 21A tram in Istanbul
Image 22the Selimiye Mosque in Edirne
Image 23Lake Akdoğan in Muş
Image 24Safranbolu
Image 25Kemer
Image 26The ancient Lake Abant Nature Park in Bolu
Image 27Iznik, 16th-century vase

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Sami Erol Gelenbe (born 22 August 1945, Istanbul) is a Turkish and French computer scientist, electronic engineer and applied mathematician, renowned for pioneering work in computer system and network performance. His academic career spans several prestigious institutions and roles, including current positions as Professor at the Institute of Theoretical and Applied Informatics of the Polish Academy of Sciences since 2017, and visiting professorships at King's College London, the I3S Laboratory (CNRS, University of Côte d'Azur) and the Abraham de Moivre Laboratory (CNRS, Imperial College London).

A Fellow of several national academies, Gelenbe has chaired the Informatics Section of Academia Europaea since 2023. His extensive professorial tenures include roles at the University of Liège, University Paris-Saclay, University Paris Descartes, NJIT, Duke University, the University of Central Florida, and Imperial College, where he served as the Dennis Gabor Professor and Head of Intelligent Systems and Networks. (Full article...)

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Burak Yılmaz Piri Reis Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Ahmet Necdet Sezer Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Alp Arslan Nureddin Pasha Tuncay Şanlı İsmet İnönü Sıla (singer) Orhan Pamuk Kemal Derviş Hande Yener Sertab Erener Said Altınordu Tarkan (singer) Junayd of Aydın Daron Acemoglu

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Video shot in Goreme in Cappadocia showing the terrain

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Videos from Turkey on Wikimedia Commons

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“

Everything we see in the world is the creative work of women.

”

~ Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

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Turkish proverbs in Wikiquote

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Recognized content

	Alanya, Byzantine Empire, SMS Goeben, The Turk, List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire, Istanbul, Italian War of 1521–1526, Italian War of 1542–1546, List of battleships of the Ottoman Empire, Rhodes blood libel
	2004 Istanbul summit, 2008 Turkish Grand Prix, Battle of Manzikert, Battle of Marash, Battle of Vaslui, Church of St. Polyeuctus, First Crusade, Great Zab, Hood event, Limyra Bridge, Siege of Szigetvár, Night Attack at Târgoviște, Third Perso-Turkic War, Walls of Constantinople, Gallipoli Campaign, Battle of Lone Pine