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PENTTBOM

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PENTTBOM (sometimes referred to as PENTTBOMB[1]) is the codename for the Federal Bureau of Investigation's probe into the September 11 attacks of 2001, the largest criminal inquiry in the FBI's history. Its name stands for "Pentagon/Twin Towers Bombing Investigation". The investigation was launched on September 11, 2001, and involved 4,000 special agents and 3,000 professional employees.[2][3]

Identifying the hijackers

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The FBI was able to identify the 19 hijackers within a matter of days as few suspects made any effort to conceal their names on flight, credit card, and other records.[4]

Identical letters

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Three of the hijackers carried copies of an identical handwritten letter[5][6] (in Arabic) that was found in three separate locations: the first, in a suitcase of hijacker Mohamed Atta that did not make the connection to American Airlines Flight 11 that crashed into the North Tower of the World Trade Center; the second, in a vehicle parked at Washington Dulles International Airport that belonged to hijacker Nawaf al-Hazmi; and the third at the crash site of United Airlines Flight 93 in Shanksville, Pennsylvania.[7]

According to the testimony before the House Intelligence Subcommittee on Terrorism and Homeland Defense on October 3, 2001, given by J. T. Caruso, the Deputy Assistant Director of the FBI's Counterterrorism Division, "translations of the letter indicate an alarming willingness to die on the part of the hijackers."[8]

Passports recovered

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According to testimony by Susan Ginsberg, a staff member of the National Commission on Terrorist attacks upon the United States, in the January 26, 2004, Public Hearing:[9]

Four of the hijackers' passports have survived in whole or in part. Two were recovered from the crash site of United Airlines flight 93 in Pennsylvania. These are the passports of Ziad Jarrah and Saeed al Ghamdi. One belonged to a hijacker on American Airlines flight 11. This is the passport of Satam al Suqami. A passerby picked it up and gave it to a NYPD detective shortly before the World Trade Center towers collapsed. A fourth passport was recovered from luggage that did not make it from a Portland flight to Boston on to the connecting flight which was American Airlines Flight 11. This is the passport of Abdulaziz al-Omari.
In addition to these four, some digital copies of the hijackers passports were recovered in post-9/11 operations. Two of the passports that have survived, those of Satam al-Suqami and Abdulaziz al-Omari, were clearly doctored. These passports were manipulated in a fraudulent manner in ways that have been associated with al Qaeda.

WTC site

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The passport of hijacker Satam al-Suqami was found a few blocks from the World Trade Center.[10][11]

Flight 93

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According to the 9/11 Commission, the passports of two of the Flight 93 hijackers were also found intact in the aircraft's debris field.[12]

Atta's luggage

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The doctored passport of hijacker Abdulaziz al-Omari was found in Mohamed Atta's left-behind luggage.[12]

When examining Mohamed Atta's luggage, the FBI found important clues about the hijackers and their plans. His luggage contained papers that revealed the identity of all 19 hijackers, and provided information about their plans, motives, and backgrounds.[13] The FBI was able to determine details such as dates of birth, known and/or possible residences, visa statuses, and specific identities of the suspected pilots. None of these documents have been scrutinized by independent legal experts.[14]

Recovery of remains

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Further information: Hijackers in the September 11 attacks § Recovery of the Hijackers remains

Linking the hijackers to al-Qaeda

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The investigators were quickly able to link the 19 men to the terrorist organization al-Qaeda, by accessing their intelligence agency files. The New York Times reported on September 12 that: "Authorities said they had also identified accomplices in several cities who had helped plan and execute Tuesday's attacks. Officials said they knew who these people were and important biographical details about many of them. They prepared biographies of each identified member of the hijack teams, and began tracing the recent movements of the men." FBI agents in Florida investigating the hijackers quickly "descended on flight schools, neighborhoods and restaurants in pursuit of leads." At one flight school, "students said investigators were there within hours of Tuesday's attacks."[15] The Washington Post later reported that "In the hours after Tuesday's bombings, investigators searched their files on [Satam] Al Suqami and [Ahmed] Alghamdi, noted the pair's ties to [Nabil] al-Marabh and launched a hunt for him."[16]

On September 27, 2001, the FBI released photos of the 19 hijackers, along with information about the possible nationalities and aliases of many.[17]

On the day of the attacks, U.S. intelligence agencies also intercepted communications that pointed to Osama bin Laden.[18] It was quickly asserted that Osama bin Laden was responsible for the attacks, and other suspects were ruled out. Although he denied the attacks at first, Osama bin Laden later admitted full and sole responsibility for the attacks in a video tape.[19]

Press releases

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  • September 11, 2001: FBI opens investigations[20]
  • September 14: FBI releases list of 9/11 hijacker suspects[21]
  • September 27: FBI releases photographs of 9/11 hijacker suspects[17]
  • September 28: FBI releases four-page letter believed to be written by the hijackers[5]
  • October 4: FBI releases partial timeline for Boston-based hijackers[22]

See also

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Participants in the September 11 attacks.

References

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  1. ^ "Federal Bureau of Investigation Casework and Human Resource Allocation". Retrieved November 21, 2023.
  2. ^ "9/11 Investigation (PENTTBOM)". Famous Cases & Criminals. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Retrieved March 26, 2014.
  3. ^ "The FBI's 9/11 Role by the Numbers". Ten Years After: The FBI Since 9/11. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Retrieved March 26, 2014.
  4. ^ "Federal Bureau of Investigation - Facts and Figures 2003". Federal Bureau of Investigation. Archived from the original on April 9, 2010. Retrieved September 11, 2011.
  5. ^ a b "FBI Releases Copy of Four-Page Letter Linked to Hijackers". FBI. September 28, 2001. Archived from the original on November 9, 2011. Retrieved September 11, 2011.
  6. ^ "Last words of a terrorist". The Observer. September 30, 2001. Archived from the original on August 25, 2013. Retrieved September 11, 2011.
  7. ^ Shanksville, Mailing Address: P. O. Box 911; Us, PA 15560 Phone: 814 893-6322 Contact. "September 11, 2001 Timeline - Flight 93 National Memorial (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved October 24, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ "Federal Bureau of Investigation - Congressional Testimony". FBI. October 3, 2001. Retrieved September 11, 2011.
  9. ^ "National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States". govinfo.library.unt.edu. Retrieved April 13, 2022.
  10. ^ Larry Neumeister (September 16, 2001). "Suspected hijacker's passport found". Arizona Daily Star. The Associated Press. Archived from the original on February 9, 2002. Retrieved September 11, 2011.
  11. ^ Larry Neumeister (September 16, 2001). "Passport of suspected hijacker found in debris". Las Vegas Review-Journal. The Associated Press. Archived from the original on August 31, 2011. Retrieved September 11, 2011.
  12. ^ a b "Seventh public hearing of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States". The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States. January 26, 2004. Archived from the original on April 7, 2008. Retrieved February 7, 2008.
  13. ^ Dorman, Michael (April 17, 2006). "Unraveling 9-11 was in the bags". Newsday (New York). Archived from the original on May 26, 2008. Retrieved February 7, 2008.
  14. ^ Reaves, Jessica (January 2, 2002). "The Case Against Zacarias Moussaoui". Time. Archived from the original on March 7, 2008. Retrieved February 7, 2008.
  15. ^ Canedy, Dana; Sanger, David E. (September 13, 2001). "After the attacks: The suspects; Hijacking Trail Leads F.B.I. to Florida Flight School". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 15, 2008. Retrieved May 22, 2010.
  16. ^ John Mintz; Allan Lengel (September 21, 2001). "FBI Arrests Kuwaiti Liquor Store Clerk". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 11, 2011.[dead link‍]
  17. ^ a b "The FBI Releases 19 Photographs of Individuals Believed to be the Hijackers of the Four Airliners that Crashed on September 11, 2001". FBI. September 11, 2001. Archived from the original on October 7, 2011. Retrieved September 11, 2011.
  18. ^ "Latest on the attacks on America, 7:00 p.m". CBS News. September 11, 2001.
  19. ^ "Bin Laden "Confession" Video". YouTube. February 16, 2008. Archived from the original on November 29, 2016. Retrieved July 28, 2016.
  20. ^ "Information Regarding September 11 Incidents". FBI. September 11, 2001. Archived from the original on November 9, 2011. Retrieved September 11, 2011.
  21. ^ "FBI Announces List of 19 Hijackers". FBI. September 13, 2001. Archived from the original on October 25, 2011. Retrieved September 11, 2011.
  22. ^ "Boston Division Seeks Assistance". FBI. October 4, 2001. Archived from the original on November 3, 2011. Retrieved September 11, 2011.
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