List of wars involving Zimbabwe

This is a list of wars involving the Republic of Zimbabwe.

Conflict	Zimbabwe and allies	Opponents	Results
Rhodesian Bush War (1964–1979)	ZANU (ZANLA)^[1] ZAPU (ZIPRA) Mozambique^[2] ANC (MK)^[2] Zambia^[3]	Rhodesia (1964–1979) Zimbabwe Rhodesia (1979) Portugal (1964–1974)^[a] South Africa (from 1967)^[4]	Stalemate^[5] Lancaster House Agreement End to armed hostilities Free elections with ZANU and ZAPU participation Formation of Zimbabwe Rhodesia disestablished; Zimbabwe gains internationally recognised independence in its place.
Entumbane I (1980)	Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Defence Forces Zimbabwe Republic Police	ZIPRA elements ZANLA elements	Government victory Uprising put down.
Entumbane II (1981)	Zimbabwe	ZIPRA elements ZANLA elements	Government victory Uprising put down
Mozambican Civil War (1977–1992)	Mozambique (People's Republic until 1990) FRELIMO UNAMO (1988–1992)^[6] ZANU (until 1979) Zimbabwe (from 1980) Tanzania Malawi (from 1987)^[7]	RENAMO PRM (merged with RENAMO in 1982) UNAMO (1987–1988)^[6] COREMO^[8] UNIPOMO^[9] FUMO^[9] Rhodesia (until 1979)^[10] Ex-Flechas^[9] South Africa (from 1978)^[11]	Stalemate Rome General Peace Accords, multiparty elections
Gukurahundi (1984–1987)	Zimbabwe	ZAPU	Government victory Unity agreement, formation of ZANU–PF
Second Congo War (1998–2003)	Pro-government: DR Congo Angola Chad Namibia Zimbabwe Sudan (alleged) Anti-Ugandan forces: LRA ADF UNRF II FNI Anti-Rwandan militias: FDLR ALiR Interahamwe RDR Mai-Mai Other Hutu-aligned forces Anti-Burundi militias: CNDD-FDD FROLINA	Rwandan-aligned militias: RCD RCD-Goma Banyamulenge Ugandan-aligned militias: MLC Forces for Renewal UPC Other Tutsi-aligned forces Anti-Angolan forces: UNITA Foreign state actors: Uganda Rwanda Burundi Note: Rwanda and Uganda fought a short war in June 2000 over Congolese territory.	Stalemate Assassination of Laurent-Désiré Kabila Sun City Agreement Creation of a unified, multi-party government in DR Congo, with Joseph Kabila as president Pretoria Accord; Rwandan withdrawal from DR Congo in exchange for commitment towards the disarmament of Hutu militias. The Transitional Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo is established, deployment of MONUC. End of the Angolan Civil War. Continuation of the Ituri conflict. Start of the Kivu conflict.
Kivu Conflict (2004–2009)	DR Congo Mai-Mai Zimbabwe Angola	CNDP	Victory CNDP integrated into the FARDC

Notes

^ Portuguese forces assisted the Rhodesians in cross-border operations into Portuguese Mozambique. See Operation Flotilla and Operation Birch.

References

^ Norman 2003, p. 65.
^ ^a ^b Thomas 1995, pp. 16–17.
^ "'Da mu nisam 'sredio' susret s Titom, Mugabe nikad ne bi priznao Hrvatsku': prekaljeni diplomat Frane Krnić za 'Slobodnu' otkrio svoje veze s nedavno preminulim liderom Zimbabvea". Slobodna Dalmacija. 17 September 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
^ Houser, George M. Rhodesia To Zimbabwe: A Chronology. New York: The Africa Fund, 1977, p. 7: ZAPU and the African National Congress of South Africa jointly began an armed struggle in northwestern Rhodesia centered in Wankie. This campaign lasted into 1968, with several hundred ZAPU and South African ANC guerrillas involved. South African troops entered Rhodesia to support the government. Prime Minister Vorster said: "We are good friends (with Rhodesia) and good friends know what their duty is when the neighbour's house is on fire."
^ M Evans, Making an African army: the case of Zimbabwe, 1980-87, Peace, Politics and Violence in the New South Africa, 1992 - afsaap.org.au. Retrieved December 26, 2015.
^ ^a ^b Emerson (2014), p. 163.
^ Arnold, Guy (2016). Wars in the Third World Since 1945. Oxford: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. pp. 211–213. ISBN 978-14742-9102-6.
^ Banks & Muller (1998), p. 635.
^ ^a ^b ^c Seegers (2018), Section: Independent Mozambique and the Role of the Armed Forces.
^ Schwartz, Stephanie (2010). Youth and Post-conflict Reconstruction: Agents of Change. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press. pp. 34–38. ISBN 978-1601270498.
^ War and Society: The Militarisation of South Africa, edited by Jacklyn Cock and Laurie Nathan, pp.104-115

Sources

Banks, Arthur S.; Muller, Thomas C., eds. (1998). Political Handbook of the World: 1998: Governments and Intergovernmental Organizations as of January 1, 1998. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. doi:10.1007/978-1-349-14951-3. ISBN 978-1-349-14953-7.
Emerson, Stephen A. (2014). The battle for Mozambique: the Frelimo-Renamo struggle, 1977-1992. West Midlands: Helion. ISBN 978-1-909384-92-7.
Norman, Andrew (December 2003). Robert Mugabe and the Betrayal of Zimbabwe. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-0-7864-1686-8.
Seegers, Annette (2018) [1st pub. 1986]. "From Liberation to Modernization: Transforming Revolutionary Paramilitary Forces into Standing Professional Armies". In Arlinghaus, Bruce E.; Baker, Pauline H. (eds.). African Armies: Evolution And Capabilities. Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge. pp. 52–83. ISBN 978-0-429-72578-4.
Thomas, Scott (1995). The Diplomacy of Liberation: the Foreign Relations of the ANC Since 1960 (1st ed.). London: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-85043-993-6.

[4] Portuguese forces assisted the Rhodesians in cross-border operations into Portuguese Mozambique. See Operation Flotilla and Operation Birch.

[FOOTNOTENorman200365-1] Norman 2003, p. 65.

[FOOTNOTEThomas199516–17-2] Thomas 1995, pp. 16–17.

[Slobodna_Dalmacija-3] "'Da mu nisam 'sredio' susret s Titom, Mugabe nikad ne bi priznao Hrvatsku': prekaljeni diplomat Frane Krnić za 'Slobodnu' otkrio svoje veze s nedavno preminulim liderom Zimbabvea". Slobodna Dalmacija. 17 September 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2020.

[5] Houser, George M. Rhodesia To Zimbabwe: A Chronology. New York: The Africa Fund, 1977, p. 7: ZAPU and the African National Congress of South Africa jointly began an armed struggle in northwestern Rhodesia centered in Wankie. This campaign lasted into 1968, with several hundred ZAPU and South African ANC guerrillas involved. South African troops entered Rhodesia to support the government. Prime Minister Vorster said: "We are good friends (with Rhodesia) and good friends know what their duty is when the neighbour's house is on fire."

[6] M Evans, Making an African army: the case of Zimbabwe, 1980-87, Peace, Politics and Violence in the New South Africa, 1992 - afsaap.org.au. Retrieved December 26, 2015.

[FOOTNOTEEmerson2014163-7] Emerson (2014), p. 163.

[Arnold-8] Arnold, Guy (2016). Wars in the Third World Since 1945. Oxford: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. pp. 211–213. ISBN 978-14742-9102-6.

[FOOTNOTEBanksMuller1998635-9] Banks & Muller (1998), p. 635.

[FOOTNOTESeegers2018Section:_Independent_Mozambique_and_the_Role_of_the_Armed_Forces-10] Seegers (2018), Section: Independent Mozambique and the Role of the Armed Forces.

[Schwartz-11] Schwartz, Stephanie (2010). Youth and Post-conflict Reconstruction: Agents of Change. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press. pp. 34–38. ISBN 978-1601270498.

[Mozambique-12] War and Society: The Militarisation of South Africa, edited by Jacklyn Cock and Laurie Nathan, pp.104-115

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v t e Lists of wars involving African countries
Sovereign states	Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Eswatini Ethiopia Gabon The Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Ivory Coast Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda São Tomé and Príncipe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe
States with limited recognition	Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Somaliland
Dependencies and other territories	Canary Islands / Ceuta / Melilla (Spain) Madeira (Portugal) Mayotte / Réunion (France) Saint Helena / Ascension Island / Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom)