List of wars involving Kievan Rus'
This is a list of wars involving Kievan Rus' (c. 9th century–1240).[a] These wars involved Kievan Rus' (also known as Kyivan Rus'[5]) as a whole, or some of its principalities[b] up to 1240.[c]
- Victory of Kievan Rus' (and allies)
- Defeat of Kievan Rus' (and allies)
- Another result*
*e.g. result unknown or indecisive/inconclusive, result of internal conflict inside Kievan Rus', status quo ante bellum, or a treaty or peace without a clear result.
See also
[edit]- Military of Kievan Rus'
- Armies of the Rus' principalities
- List of wars and battles involving Galicia–Volhynia
- List of wars involving the Novgorod Republic
- List of wars involving the Principality of Moscow
- List of wars involving the Principality of Tver
- List of wars and battles involving the Principality of Smolensk
- List of wars involving Belarus
- List of wars involving Lithuania
- List of wars involving Poland
- List of wars involving the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
- List of wars involving Russia
- List of wars involving Ukraine
Notes
[edit]- ^ The timespan of Kievan Rus' is generally dated from c. 880 to 1240,[1] but its precise origins are shrouded in mystery, influenced by later distortions, and the subject of modern scholary dispute.[2][3] Because 'no adequate system of succession to the Kyivan throne was developed'[4] after the death of Yaroslav the Wise (r. 1019–1054, a process of gradual political disintegration would commence.[4] The Mongol siege and sack of Kiev in 1240 is generally held to mark the end of Kievan Rus'.[1] Modern historians from Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine alike consider Kievan Rus' the first period of their modern countries' histories.[4]
- ^ Principalities of Kievan Rus' between the 9th century and 1240 included Kiev (Kyiv), Beloozero, Chernigov (Chernihiv), Drutsk, Halych (Galicia), Jersika, Koknese, Murom, the Novgorod Republic, Novgorod-Seversk (Novhorod-Siversk), Peremyshl (Przemyśl), Pereyaslavl (Pereiaslav), Polotsk (Polatsk), Ryazan (Riazan), Terebovlia, Turov and Pinsk (Turau-Pinsk, Turovian Rus'), Vladimir-Suzdal (Rostov, Suzdalia), Volhynia (Volyn, Volodymyr), and Yaroslavl. Halych and Volhynia would be unified in 1199, and raised to the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia (Ruthenia) in 1253, but lost the (mostly destroyed) city of Kiev in 1240 to the Golden Horde.[1] Pskov Land (Pleskov) was formally part of the Novgorod Republic before 1240, but eventually became the independent Pskov Republic in 1348.[6] Vladimir-Suzdalia would fragment into several smaller principalities after 1240, such as Tver (1246), Moscow (Muscovy; 1263), and Novgorod-Suzdal (1341).
- ^ a b c d After the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus' of 1237–1241 (including the 1240 sack of Kiev which ended Kievan Rus'[1]), most of the surviving Rus' principalities (exceptions included the Novgorod Republic[1]) were forced to pay tribute and homage to Batu Khan (residing in Sarai on the Volga) of the newly-established Mongol-Tatar Golden Horde.[7]
- ^ 'Sometime during the reign of Hasan Ibn Zaid, ruler of Tabaristan (r. 864–884), the Rus sailed into the Caspian Sea and unsuccessfully attacked the eastern shore at Abaskun. This was probably a raid on very small scale (...) Great raids, however, took place in c. 913, in 943, in 965 and in c. 1041.'[8]
- ^ Cross & Sherbowitz-Wetzor (1953): 'Practically all modern investigators consider Igor's second expedition unhistorical, e.g., Shakhmatov, Razÿskaniya, p. 395: "Igor's expedition of 944 after the attack of 941 appears clearly as invented to cover up the inglorious event of which the annalist learned from the continuator of Hamartolus." So also Hrushevsky, Istoriya Ukrainy-Rusi, I (Kiev, 1913), p. 442-ff; and Laehr, op. cit., pp. 101-103. Vasiliev, however, Hist., p. 322, accepts the chronicle account. (...)'[11]
- ^ The war broke out due to the death of Vsevolod I Yaroslavych, grand prince of Kyiv, and prince of Chernihiv and Pereyaslavl.[18]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e "Rusland §2. Het Rijk van Kiëv". Encarta Encyclopedie Winkler Prins (in Dutch). Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum. 2002.
- ^ Martin 2009b, p. 2.
- ^ Logan 2005, p. 184.
- ^ a b c Katchanovski et al. 2013, p. 1.
- ^ Katchanovski et al. 2013, p. 196.
- ^ "Pskov §1. Geschiedenis". Encarta Encyclopedie Winkler Prins (in Dutch). Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum. 2002.
- ^ "Gouden Horde". Encarta Encyclopedie Winkler Prins (in Dutch). Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum. 2002.
- ^ Logan 2005, p. 182.
- ^ Janet Martin. Treasure of the Land of Darkness: The Fur Trade and Its Significance for Medieval Russia. Cambridge University Press, 2004. P. 115
- ^ Vilhelm Ludvig Peter Thomsen. The Relations Between Ancient Russia and Scandinavia, and the Origin of the Russian State. (2010), p. 25. Cambridge University Press.
- ^ Cross & Sherbowitz-Wetzor 1953, p. 237.
- ^ a b Kohn 2013, p. 587.
- ^ a b c Katchanovski et al. 2013, p. 75.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Martin 2007, p. 31.
- ^ Martin 2007, p. 56.
- ^ a b c d e Martin 2007, p. 57.
- ^ a b Hypatian Codex
- ^ Martin 1995, p. 30–32, 55.
- ^ Martin 1995, p. 55.
- ^ Гумилев 2023, p. 130.
- ^ a b c Martin 2007, p. 117.
- ^ a b c d Martin 2007, p. 119.
- ^ Martin 2007, pp. 117–118.
- ^ a b Kari, Risto: Suomalaisten keskiaika, 2004. ISBN 951-0-28321-5. See page 163; Paul, "Archbishop Vasilii Kalika of Novgorod," 266-269.
- ^ a b Martin 2007, pp. 119–121.
- ^ a b c d e Martin 2007, p. 121.
- ^ a b Martin 2007, pp. 121–123.
- ^ a b c Martin 2007, p. 123.
- ^ Martin 2007, pp. 121–122.
- ^ a b Martin 2007, p. 122.
- ^ a b c Martin 2007, pp. 124–127.
- ^ a b c d Martin 2007, p. 127.
- ^ a b c Martin 2007, p. 124.
- ^ a b c d e f Martin 2007, p. 128.
- ^ a b Pelenski 1988, p. 777.
- ^ a b Alef, Gustave (1956). A history of the Muscovite civil war: the reign of Vasili II (1425–1462) (PhD). p. 11. Retrieved 7 May 2023 – via ProQuest.
When Vsevold died in 1212 he divided his territories among his sons, the largest portion going to the second oldest, Iuri. Immediately the sons began to war amongst themselves, each striving to achieve a more favorable position and lands which contributed to the decline of the Suzdal-Vladimir principality.
Bibliography
[edit]Primary sources
[edit]- Cross, Samuel Hazzard; Sherbowitz-Wetzor, Olgerd P. (1953) [1930]. The Russian Primary Chronicle, Laurentian Text. Translated and edited by Samuel Hazzard Cross and Olgerd P. Sherbowitz-Wetzor (PDF). Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Mediaeval Academy of America. p. 325. (The first 50 pages are a scholarly introduction).
Literature
[edit]- Katchanovski, Ivan; Kohut, Zenon E.; Nesebio, Bohdan Y.; Yurkevich, Myroslav (2013). Historical Dictionary of Ukraine. Lanham, Maryland; Toronto; Plymouth: Scarecrow Press. p. 992. ISBN 9780810878471. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 22 January 2023.
- Kohn, George Childs (2013). Dictionary of Wars. Revised Edition. Londen/New York: Routledge. ISBN 9781135954949.
- Martin, Janet (1995). Medieval Russia, 980–1584. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 450. ISBN 9780521368322.
- Martin, Janet (2007). Medieval Russia: 980–1584. Second Edition. E-book. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-511-36800-4.
- Martin, Janet (2009b). "From Kiev to Muscovy: The Beginnings to 1450". In Freeze, Gregory (ed.). Russia: A History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 1–30. ISBN 978-0-19-150121-0. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2023. (third edition)
- Logan, F. Donald (2005). The Vikings in History. Third edition. Abingdon: Routledge. p. 224. ISBN 9781136527166.
- Pelenski, Jaroslaw (1988). "The Contest for the "Kievan Succession" (1155–1175): The Religious-Ecclesiastical Dimension". Harvard Ukrainian Studies. 12/13: 761–780. JSTOR 41036344.
- Гумилев, Лев (2023). От Руси к России. Moscow: Москва. ISBN 978-5-17-153845-3.