While the 6-gross register ton 28-foot (8.5 m) sloop, carrying a cargo of 4,000 pounds (1,800 kg) of fish and fishing gear and a crew of two, was transiting Lynn Canal in the District of Alaska in darkness during a voyage from Juneau to Hunter Bay, a squall struck which blew her onto a rock. The rock holed her, and she flooded, sank, and was battered to pieces on rocks. Her crew survived.[1]
The steamer sprung a leak in a storm, plus had a broken porthole, causing her to fill, capsize and sink between Port Townsend, Washington and Victoria, British Columbia. 40 passengers and 10 crewmen were killed. 22 crewmen and 9 passengers were rescued by Sea Lion (flag unknown).[4][5][6]
The full-rigged sailing ship was wrecked in the Chandeleur Islands. Refloated in 1917 and rebuilt as a bark and put in service as John H. Kirby (United States).[8]
The barge sank in a collision with Barge No. 1 while anchored in Bayou St. John, Louisiana, during a storm. One crewman from each barge was killed.[11]
The laid-up steamer sank at dock at Cramp's Wharf in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She probably got caught under the pier on a rising tide, filled up, and sank.[21]
The car ferry ran aground on Fox Point, Wisconsin, or one mile (1.6 km) north of it, in Lake Michigan in dense fog and heavy ice. Refloated on 19 February, almost declared a total loss.[24][25]
The steamer burned to the waterline and sank at Pier 35 in the East River, a total loss. Wreckage was removed by a wrecking company. One crewman killed.[4][27][28]
Russo-Japanese War, Battle of Port Arthur: After a torpedo fired by an Imperial Japanese Navydestroyer struck her while she was anchored in the outer harbor at Port Arthur, Manchuria, China, the Retvizan-class battleship got underway and ran aground in the narrow channel between the outer and inner harbors while trying to steam into the inner harbor. Five members of her crew died in the torpedo explosion.[30] She was refloated on 8 March and moved into the inner harbor, where repairs were completed on 3 June.
Russo-Japanese War, Battle of Port Arthur: After a torpedo fired by an Imperial Japanese Navydestroyer struck her while she was anchored in the outer harbor at Port Arthur, Manchuria, China, the Tsesarevich-class battleship got underway and steamed into the narrow channel into the inner harbor, where tugs took her in tow, but she ran aground in the channel before reaching the inner harbor.[30] One member of her crew died as a result of the torpedo hit. She was refloated and moved into the inner harbor, where repairs were completed on 7 June.
Russo-Japanese War: The Boyarin-class protected cruiser struck a mine in Dalian Bay off Dalniy, Manchuria, China, on 11 February, killing ten crewmen, and was abandoned immediately. When she did not sink, her commanding officer ordered a destroyer to torpedo her, reaffirming the order twice when the destroyer′s commanding officer questioned scuttling a ship that was not in obvious danger of sinking. Both torpedoes fired at her missed, and she was left to drift as a derelict. Imperial Japanese Navy destroyers found her still afloat on 12 February and boarded her to remove some of her gear, again leaving her to drift unmanned in the bay. She finally sank in a storm on the evening of 12 February. An Imperial Russian Navy court of inquiry into her loss later found her commanding officer′s conduct in abandoning his ship so quickly and making no effort to save her despite her apparent continued seaworthiness to have been "irregular."[32]
Russo-Japanese War: Approaching the harbor at Port Arthur, Manchuria, China, to be sunk as a blockship in the entrance, the 1,249-gross register tontransport was sunk with a scuttling charge outside the entrance by her crew, which had become disoriented by the glare of Russian searchlights and believed they had reached the entrance and that the blockship Jinsen Maru had scuttled herself up at the planned location and that they were in the correct scuttling place relative to Jinsen Maru's position.[36][37] Sources differ as to casualties and the rescue of the crews of the five blockships. Casualties among the five blockships combined either was one killed[36] or three wounded.[37] Either each blockship crew was rescued by its ship's designated escort/rescue vessel.[37] – Bushu Maru's was the torpedo boatTsubami[36] (Imperial Japanese Navy) – or the designated escort/rescue vessels rescued three of the blockship crews and the other two crews escaped in their ship's boats.[36]
Russo-Japanese War: Approaching the harbor at Port Arthur, Manchuria, China, to be sunk as a blockship in the entrance, the 1,153-gross register tontransport was sunk with a scuttling charge outside the entrance by her crew, which had become disoriented by the glare of Russian searchlights and believed they had reached the entrance and that the blockship Jinsen Maru had scuttled herself up at the planned location and that they were in the correct scuttling place relative to Jinsen Maru's position.[36] Sources differ as to casualties and the rescue of the crews of the five blockships. Casualties among the five blockships combined either was one killed[36] or three wounded.[37] Either each blockship crew was rescued by its ship's designated escort/rescue vessel.[37] – Buyo Maru's was the torpedo boatManazuru[36] (Imperial Japanese Navy) – or the designated escort/rescue vessels rescued three of the blockship crews and the other two crews escaped in their ship's boats.[36]
Russo-Japanese War: Approaching the harbor at Port Arthur, Manchuria, China, to be sunk as a blockship in the entrance, the 2,776-gross register tontransport came under fire by the stranded battleshipRetvizan (Imperial Russian Navy). Retvizan's gunfire disabled her steering gear, cut the detonator wires to her scuttling charge, and set her on fire, and she ran aground just outside the west end of the harbor entrance. Her crew abandoned her, leaving her in flames.[36][37] Sources differ as to casualties and the rescue of the crews of the five blockships. Casualties among the five blockships combined either was one killed[36] or three wounded.[37] Either each blockship crew was rescued by its ship's designated escort/rescue vessel.[37] – Hokoku Maru's was the torpedo boatHayabusa[36] (Imperial Japanese Navy) – or the designated escort/rescue vessels rescued three of the blockship crews and the other two crews escaped in their ship's boats.[36]
Russo-Japanese War: Approaching the harbor at Port Arthur, Manchuria, China, to be sunk as a blockship in the entrance, the 2,331-gross register tontransport ran hard aground on a rock outside the entrance. Her crew sank her with a scuttling charge and abandoned her.[36] Sources differ as to casualties and the rescue of the crews of the five blockships. Casualties among the five blockships combined either was one killed[36] or three wounded.[37] Either each blockship crew was rescued by its ship's designated escort/rescue vessel.[37] – Jinsen Maru's was the torpedo boatKasasagi[36] (Imperial Japanese Navy) – or the designated escort/rescue vessels rescued three of the blockship crews and the other two crews escaped in their ship's boats.[36]
Russo-Japanese War: Steaming toward Port Arthur, Manchuria, China, to be sunk as a blockship in the entrance to the harbor there, the 2,943-gross register tontransport ran aground and was wrecked 3 miles (4.8 km) from the entrance.[36] Casualties among the five blockships combined either was one killed[36] or three wounded.[37] Either each blockship crew was rescued by its ship's designated escort/rescue vessel.[37] – Tenshu Maru's was the torpedo boatChidori[36] (Imperial Japanese Navy) – or the designated escort/rescue vessels rescued three of the blockship crews and the other two crews escaped in their ship's boats.[36]
The steamer struck a rock and sank 160 miles (260 km) south of Rangoon, Burma before 10 February. The crew were rescued the next day by Gracchus (Australia).[47][48]
The steamer burned to the waterline and sank at dock in Lebanon, Delaware. Wreck removed by 8 July with pieces of the wreckage pulled up above the high tide mark.[21][50]
The cable layer was approaching Guam to deliver cable and spares when she went off course while entering Apra Harbor and ran hard aground on a nearby reef. Weather conditions deteriorated and the ship broke in two and sank. The wreck is now a popular diving location.
The ferry struck a waterlogged and abandoned mud scow adrift in the channel in Boston Harbor off Boston, Massachusetts. and was beached to prevent her from sinking.[4]
The Holland-class submarine was accidentally rammed by Berwick Castle (United Kingdom) and sunk with the loss of all eleven crew in The Solent. She was later raised, repaired, and returned to service.
The steam coaster grounded on rocks at Stanton Point off Port Soderick, Isle of Man in heavy weather and fog (Point of Ayr, Flintshire for Laxey, Isle of Man, with coal); the crew landed in the ship's boat.[58]
The tug was wrecked at Point Au Sable, Michigan when her steering gear broke. The vessel was a total loss. Three crewmen were killed and two were rescued by life-saving crew stationed on the point.[4]
"Last scene on board the Japanese transport Kinshu Maru." (1904 Japanese illustration)Russo-Japanese War: The armed transport was stopped in the Sea of Japan off Gensan, Korea, by a squadron consisting of the armored cruisersGromoboi and Rossia, the protected cruiserBogatyr, and torpedo boats (all Imperial Russian Navy). Her crew surrendered and was removed, but a company of Imperial Japanese Army infantry on board refused to surrender, so the Russians torpedoed her with the soldiers still on board. The soldiers then opened rifle fire on the nearest cruiser, and the Russian squadron opened gunnery fire on Kinshu Maru and sank her in about 15 minutes, Rossia receiving the credit for the sinking. The Japanese soldiers continued to fire until Kinshu Maru sank beneath them.[67][68]
The steamer became waterlogged 2+1⁄2 miles (4.0 km) off the Sturgeon Bay Canal. She was towed into the canal basin and sank. The crew made it to shore in small boats.[4]
Russo-Japanese War: The Yoshino-class protected cruiser capsized and sank after she was accidentally rammed by the armored cruiserKasuga (Imperial Japanese Navy) in fog in Korea Bay. A total of 318 sailors were lost; of her 101 survivors, Kasuga's boats picked up 96 and other Japanese vessels rescued five.[76]
The tow steamer was destroyed when her boilers exploded at West Louisville, Kentucky. 17 crewmen were killed or mortally wounded, 5 were wounded, with 10 uninjured survivors.[4][79]
The vessel caught fire at dock at Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, when a kerosene lamp exploded. The fire was put out by the fire department. When a fireman went to check to hold to make sure the fire was out there was an explosion that sank the vessel and mortally wounding the fireman who died on 31 May. The vessel was raised the next day.[4]
The steamer was wrecked in fog and heavy seas on Knife Island off the north shore of Lake Superior and broke up. Her boiler and machinery were salvaged. Her crew was rescued by the tug Edna G. (United States).[83][84]
Fireboats (left) fight the fire aboard the wreck of General Slocum (right).The excursion paddle steamer caught fire and burned out on the East River in New York City before beaching herself and sinking in shallow water off North Brother Island just off the shore of the Bronx, New York. A total of 1,021, or 958, lives were lost, 180 injured.[4]
The cargo ship ran aground at Plum Point, Jamaica. She later was refloated and towed to New York City in the United States. She subsequently was scrapped.[92]
During fleet exercises off the coast of China, the destroyer struck an uncharted rock in the East China Sea off the mouth of the Yangtze and sank without loss of life.
The passenger ship struck Rockall Reef and sank. 585 passengers and 45 crew were killed. 127 survivors were rescued, 27 by the trawler Sylvia, 32 by Cervona (flag unknown), her captain and 69 others were rescued from a lifeboat by Energie (flag unknown).[97][98]
The steamer while at dock unloading cargo took on a list breaking 1 of her deadlights through which water filled her and she sank at dock in Salem, Massachusetts. Later raised with no damage.[87]
The steamer grounded on the bottom of the Nushagak River and started leaking. She freed herself four hours later and either sank in seven fathoms (42 ft; 13 m) of water. Reportedly was saved.[4]
The steamer was attempting to land at a dock at Catawba Island on Lake Erie in heavy seas when she was thrown into the dock, breaking her bulwarks. She then listed, losing part of her cargo of stone, and sank. Her engine and gear were salvaged, then she was towed off and abandoned, eventually washing ashore on the island again.[4][107]
The steamer caught fire shortly after leaving Kingston, Ontario due to a failure in her furnace. She was beached after the fire was extinguished. with light damage.[4]
The steamer ran aground in dense fog on the Upper Gangway Ledge, Mussel Ridge Channel, Maine. Her pumps could not keep up and she drifted onto the Northwest Ledge and sank. Raised and repaired.[109]
The steamer was sunk at dock when New Orleans (United States) lost the tow line to her tow causing her to veer off course and strike a scow tied up at the same dock and pushing it into the Hopkins at the Lake Street Bridge, Chicago sinking her. Raised and repaired.[110]
The schooner ran aground and was wrecked at the entrance to Little Egg Harbor Bay, New Jersey in eight feet (2.4 m) feet of water. Wreck removed with dynamite by 28 September. The vessel's bowsprit towed to Atlantic City, while the rest of the wreckage was pulled ashore for use as firewood.[117]
The T Nolson & Co. 474-ton cargo ship was wrecked at Hell's Mouth, Llŷn Peninsula, Caernarfonshire. Ganda broke from her moorings, and one of her ropes tangled around her propeller, as her captain tried to get his ship away from the jetty. She drifted helplessly onto the rocky shore.[119]
The ship, carrying granite, set sail at 7pm and ran into strong tides forcing it onto the Black Rock outside St Sampsons' harbour, Guernsey. The next few days the planking was removed from the hull and the cargo removed into waiting carts.[123][124]
The barquentine, carrying a cargo of granite, set sail from Saint Sampson, Guernsey, in the Channel Islands at 7:00 p.m. and ran into strong tides which forced her onto Black Rock outside the harbour. Over the next few days, the planking was removed from her hull and her cargo removed and transferred to waiting carts.[126][124]
1904 Hurricane No. 2: The tow steamer was lying at dock at the Iron Pier at the Delaware Breakwater in Delaware Bay when the hurricane hit. Her crew abandoned her, except for one who could not get to shore. She drifted ashore. Refloated on 15 or 16 September.[138]
1904 Hurricane No. 2: The tow steamer was driven ashore on the New Jersey side of the Delaware River just above Alloway Creek opposite Reedy Island when the hurricane hit. She drifted ashore. Refloated on 15 September.[139]
1904 Hurricane No. 2: The tow steamer suffered superstructure damage, then filled and sank 1⁄2 mile (0.80 km) off and below the mouth of the Christiana River. Eight of the ten crewmen were killed.[138]
The Star-class destroyer lost a propeller blade at speed. The blade pierced the hull and the ship foundered in the Gulf of Patras without loss of life.
The bark sailed from Newport News, Virginia on 10 September to Bangor, Maine with a cargo of coal. It was last reported on 13 September from a location "30 miles east-southeast from Fenwicks Island".[146]Willard Mudgett perhaps "foundered in the heavy southeast gale that prevailed on 13 September"[147] or was caught in the second hurricane of the 1904 season as it worked its way up the eastern coast. With a crew of ten men, Captain Fred Blanchard was in command of the ship at the time of its disappearance. His father, Captain William H. Blanchard, was a passenger.
The tow steamer struck a submerged object one-half mile (0.80 km) below San Hickney and was beached. The hole was patched and the vessel was pulled off.[4]
The steamer grounded on a shoal in the Yukon River seven miles (11 km) above Eagle City, Alaska. She backed off the shoal and sank with the bow in four feet (1.2 m) of water and the stern in six feet (1.8 m). Raised fairly soon after.[4]
The steamer in fog and rain struck a rocky ledge off Point Au Sable in Lake Superior. The ship was beaten to pieces over the next couple days. Her boilers were salvaged and towed to Grand Marais, Minnesota in the Fall of 1906 where they remained submerged until brought up in July 1907.[154][155][156][157]
The cruiser ran aground at the entrance to Posyet Bay and was damaged. She was on a voyage from Vladivostok to Posyet Bay. She was refloated and was assisted back to Vladivostok by the cruiser Bogatyr (Imperial Russian Navy). Subsequently repaired and returned to service.[40]
The steamer was loading cargo from the river bank near Fir, Washington, when she was caught on a snag tilting her till she filled and sank. Later raised and was undamaged.[4]
The stores shipUSS Culgoa rammed the 418 GRT schooner Wilson and Hunting off Barnegat Lighthouse, New Jersey, capsizing her. Four people aboard the schooner were killed; four were rescued; and one person aboard the steamship was injured.[167][168]
The railroad ferry attempted to leave dock in Ogdensburg, New York with two insecure loaded rail cars. One of them broke loose and rolled where it was dangling off the stern causing the ferry to begin filling with water. She was run onto the bar and sank in 14 feet (4.3 m) of water. Raised and repaired.[4]
The tow steamer sank at dock at Philadelphia, possibly her stern was caught under the dock with a rise in water level. Raised on 18 November and found to be undamageed. The vessel was back in service by 23 November.[171]
The steamer burned in Lake Erie 8 miles (13 km) east of Marblehead, Ohio and was abandoned by her crew who made it to shore in her boats. She sank in 45 feet (14 m) of water 6 miles (9.7 km) east of Chickenole Reef, 8 miles off Middle Island.[176][177][178]
The schooner sank in the Cohansey River, New Jersey sometime in November. The wreck was removed with dynamite, with the work completed by 13 June 1905.[190]
The freighter sank in the East River while tied up at Pier 3 after probably being damaged by ice while en route from South Amboy, New Jersey. Later raised.[22]
The three masted schooner wrecked at Terschelling, the Netherlands. The captain was killed, the other crew members were rescued. The wreck was found by divers in 1983.[213]
The Nelson Line steamer sailed from Swansea, Wales on 10 December 1904 for Buenos Aires and was not seen again; she was formally declared missing on 23 May 1905.[215]
^"Maritime Intelligence (cont.)". Shipping & Maritime Gazette and Lloyd's List. No. 20708. London. 28 January 1904. p. 10. Retrieved 3 January 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
^Moynihan, Maria (7 August 2003). "Rare pic of ship wreck". The Kerryman. Tralee. p. 11. Retrieved 3 January 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
^ abCorbett, Julian S., Maritime Operations in the Russo-Japanese War, Volume I, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1994, ISBN1-55750-129-7, p. 99.
^ abCorbett, Julian S., Maritime Operations in the Russo-Japanese War, Volume I, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1994, ISBN1-55750-129-7, p. 121
^Corbett, Julian S., Maritime Operations in the Russo-Japanese War, Volume I, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1994, ISBN1-55750-129-7, pp. 129-130, 473.
^ abcdCorbett, Julian S., Maritime Operations in the Russo-Japanese War, Volume II, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1994, ISBN1-55750-129-7, p. 437.
^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstCorbett, Julian S., Maritime Operations in the Russo-Japanese War, Volume I, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1994, ISBN1-55750-129-7, pp. 134–135, 503.
^Chesneau, Roger, and Eugene M. Kolesnik, Conway′s All the World's Fighting Ships 1860-1905, New York: Mayflower Books, 1979, ISBN0-8317-0302-4, p. 215.
^ abcdeChesneau, Roger, and Eugene M. Kolesnik, Conway′s All the World's Fighting Ships 1860-1905, New York: Mayflower Books, 1979, ISBN0-8317-0302-4, p. 207.
^Corbett, Julian S., Maritime Operations in the Russo-Japanese War, Volume I, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1994, ISBN1-55750-129-7, pp. 77, 136.
^ abcdefChesneau, Roger, and Eugene M. Kolesnik, Conway's All the World′s Fighting Ships 1860-1905, New York: Mayflower Books, 1979, ISBN0-8317-0302-4, p. 206.
^Corbett, Julian S., Maritime Operations in the Russo-Japanese War, Volume I, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1994, ISBN1-55750-129-7, pp. 149-150.
^Corbett, Julian S., Maritime Operations in the Russo-Japanese War, Volume I, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1994, ISBN1-55750-129-7, pp. 182-184.
^ abCorbett, Julian S., Maritime Operations in the Russo-Japanese War, Volume I, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1994, ISBN1-55750-129-7, p. 194.
^Corbett, Julian S., Maritime Operations in the Russo-Japanese War, Volume I, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1994, ISBN1-55750-129-7, pp. 194-195.
^ abcdefghijCorbett, Julian S., Maritime Operations in the Russo-Japanese War, Volume II, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1994, ISBN1-55750-129-7, p. 446.
^"The War". The Times. No. 37394. London. 14 May 1904. col A-C, p. 7.
^Jentschura, Hansgeorg (1977). Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869-1945. London: Arms & Armour Press. pp. 94–95. ISBN0-85368-151-1.
^ abJentschura, Hansgeorg (1977). Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869-1945. London: Arms & Armour Press. pp. 16–18. ISBN0-85368-151-1.
^Chesneau, Roger, and Eugene M. Kolesnik, eds., Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860-1905, New York: Mayflower Books, 1979, ISBN0-8317-0302-4, p. 234.
^Corbett, Julian S., Maritime Operations in the Russo-Japanese War, Volume I, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1994, ISBN1-55750-129-7, p. 233.
^ abCorbett, Julian S., Maritime Operations in the Russo-Japanese War, Volume I, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1994, ISBN1-55750-129-7, p. 446.
^Corbett, Julian S., Maritime Operations in the Russo-Japanese War, Volume I, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1994, ISBN1-55750-129-7, p. 259.
^ abcCorbett, Julian S., Maritime Operations in the Russo-Japanese War, Volume II, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1994, ISBN1-55750-129-7, p. 443.
^ abcdefCorbett, Julian S., Maritime Operations in the Russo-Japanese War, Volume II, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1994, ISBN1-55750-129-7, p. 438.
^Chesneau, Roger, and Eugene M. Kolesnik, Conway′s All the World′s Fighting Ships 1860-1905, New York: Mayflower Books, 1979, ISBN0-8317-0302-4, p. 213.
^"S.S. Nemesis". Zeehan and Dundas Herald. Vol. XV, no. 235. Tasmania, Australia. 15 July 1904. p. 2. Retrieved 2 March 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
^ abcdeCorbett, Julian S., Maritime Operations in the Russo-Japanese War, Volume II, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1994, ISBN1-55750-129-7, p. 439.
^ abcdefCorbett, Julian S., Maritime Operations in the Russo-Japanese War, Volume II, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1994, ISBN1-55750-129-7, p. 440.
^ abChesneau, Roger, and Eugene M. Kolesnik, eds., Conway′s All the World′s Fighting Ships 1860-1905, New York: Mayflower Books, 1979, ISBN0-8317-0302-4, p. 200.
^Chesneau, Roger, and Eugene M. Kolesnik, Conway′s All the World′s Fighting Ships 1860-1905, New York: Mayflower Books, 1979, ISBN0-8317-0302-4, p. 198.
^Chesneau, Roger, and Eugene M. Kolesnik, Conway′s All the World′s Fighting Ships 1860-1905, New York: Mayflower Books, 1979, ISBN0-8317-0302-4, p. 212.
^Corbett, Julian S., Maritime Operations in the Russo-Japanese War, Volume II, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1994, ISBN1-55750-129-7, p. 49.
^MacGregor, David R. (David Roy) (1983). The tea clippers : their history and development, 1833–1875 (2nd ed., rev. and expanded ed.). London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 203–204. ISBN0851772560. OCLC9997008.
^Corbett, Julian S., Maritime Operations in the Russo-Japanese War, Volume II, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1994, ISBN1-55750-129-7, pp. 52-53.
^Dufiel, Yves (2008). Dictionnaire des naufrages dans la Manche (in French).
^Corbett, Julian S., Maritime Operations in the Russo-Japanese War, Volume II, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1994, ISBN1-55750-129-7, p. 433.
^"Out 18 Days and Overdue". The Boston Globe. 28 September 1904.
^Matthews, Frederick (1931). American Merchant Ships: 1850-1900. Salem, Massachusetts: Marine Research Society. p. 357.
^ abcdCorbett, Julian S., Maritime Operations in the Russo-Japanese War, Volume II, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1994, ISBN1-55750-129-7, p. 444.
^Corbett, Julian S., Maritime Operations in the Russo-Japanese War, Volume II, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1994, ISBN1-55750-129-7, p. 82.
^Corbett, Julian S., Maritime Operations in the Russo-Japanese War, Volume II, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1994, ISBN1-55750-129-7, p. 85.
^War Department Office of the Chief of Staff, Epitome of the Russo-Japanese War, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1907, p. 155.
^Corbett, Julian S., Maritime Operations in the Russo-Japanese War, Volume II, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1994, ISBN1-55750-129-7, pp. 88-89.
^"John T. Johnson". Alpena County George N. Fletcher Public Library. Retrieved 16 November 2019.
^Corbett, Julian S., Maritime Operations in the Russo-Japanese War, Volume II, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1994, ISBN1-55750-129-7, p. 93.
^Chesneau, Roger, and Eugene M. Kolesnik, eds., Conway′s All the World′s Fighting Ships 1860-1905, New York: Mayflower Books, 1979, ISBN0-8317-0302-4, p. 202.
^"Glen Island". Hunting New England Shipwrecks. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
^Chesneau, Roger, and Eugene M. Kolesnik, Conway′s All the World′s Fighting Ships 1860-1905, New York: Mayflower Books, 1979, ISBN0-8317-0302-4, p. 204.
United States
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Norway
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Imperial Russian Navy
Imperial Japanese Navy).
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Regia Marina
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