Gray and black four-eyed opossum
| Gray and black four-eyed opossums[1][2][3] | |
|---|---|
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| Didelphis opossum | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Infraclass: | Marsupialia |
| Order: | Didelphimorphia |
| Family: | Didelphidae |
| Subfamily: | Didelphinae |
| Tribe: | Didelphini |
| Genus: | Philander Brisson, 1762 |
| Type species | |
| Didelphis opossum Linnaeus, 1758
| |
| Species | |
| Synonyms | |
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The nine species in the genus Philander, commonly known as gray and black four-eyed opossums, are members of the order Didelphimorphia. Mature females have a well-developed marsupium. The tail appears to be hairless except for the proximal (closest to the body) 5 or 6 cm, which has a few long hairs. The tail is slightly longer than the head-and-body length, and it is black for the proximal one half to two thirds of its length. The genus is closely related to Didelphis but the species of Philander are smaller than those of Didelphis. The genus formerly included Metachirus nudicaudatus, but this species lacks a pouch and so is now considered a separate genus.[4] The common name comes from the white spots above the eyes, which can appear from a distance to be another set of eyes.
Phylogeny
[edit]| Phylogeny of a 5,911 species 31 gene supertree[5][6] | Phylogeny of a 4,705 species 182 gene supertree[7][8] | |||
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Species
[edit]- Philander andersoni (Osgood 1913) - Anderson's four-eyed opossum
- Philander canus (Osgood 1913) - Common four-eyed opossum
- Philander deltae Lew, Perez-Hernandez & Ventura 2006 - Deltaic four-eyed opossum
- Philander mcilhennyi Gardner & Patton 1972 - McIlhenny's four-eyed opossum
- Philander melanurus (Thomas 1899) - Dark four-eyed opossum
- Philander nigratus (Thomas 1923) - Black four-eyed opossum
- Philander opossum (Linnaeus 1758) Gilmore 1941 - Gray four-eyed opossum
- Philander pebas Voss, Díaz-Nieto & Jansa 2018 - Pebas four-eyed opossum
- Philander quica (Temminck 1824) - Southern four-eyed opossum
- Philander vossi Gardner & Ramírez-Pulido, 2020 - Northern four-eyed opossum
The following three species are recognized by the IUCN and Mammal Species of the World but not by the American Society of Mammalogists. P. frenatus is considered a synonym of Philander opossum, and the latter two are junior synonyms of Philander canus.[9]
- Philander frenatus (Olfers 1818) - Southeastern four-eyed opossum
- Philander mondolfii Lew, Perez-Hernandez & Ventura 2006 - Mondolfi's four-eyed opossum
- Philander olrogi Flores, Barquez & Díaz 2008 - Olrog's four-eyed opossum
References
[edit]- ^ Gardner, A. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 16–17. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
- ^ Lew, Daniel; Roger Pérez-Hernández; Jacint Ventura (2006). "Two new species of Philander (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae) from northern South America". Journal of Mammalogy. 87 (2): 224–237. doi:10.1644/05-MAMM-A-065R2.1.
- ^ David A. Flores; Barqueza, R.M. & Díaza, M.M. (2008). "A new species of Philander Brisson, 1762 (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae)". Mammalian Biology. 73 (1): 14–24. Bibcode:2008MamBi..73...14F. doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2007.04.002.
- ^ Gardner, Alfred L. (2008). Mammals of South America: Marsupials, xenarthrans, shrews, and bats. University of Chicago Press. p. 669. ISBN 978-0-226-28240-4.
- ^ Upham, Nathan S.; Esselstyn, Jacob A.; Jetz, Walter (2019). "Inferring the mammal tree: Species-level sets of phylogenies for questions in ecology, evolution and conservation". PLOS Biol. 17 (12): e3000494. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000494. PMC 6892540. PMID 31800571.
- ^ Upham, Nathan S.; Esselstyn, Jacob A.; Jetz, Walter (2019). "DR_on4phylosCompared_linear_richCol_justScale_ownColors_withTips_80in" (PDF). PLOS Biology. 17 (12): e3000494. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000494. PMC 6892540. PMID 31800571.
- ^ Álvarez-Carretero, Sandra; Tamuri, Asif U.; Battini, Matteo; Nascimento, Fabrícia F.; Carlisle, Emily; Asher, Robert J.; Yang, Ziheng; Donoghue, Philip C.J.; dos Reis, Mario (2022). "A species-level timeline of mammal evolution integrating phylogenomic data". Nature. 602 (7896): 263–267. Bibcode:2022Natur.602..263A. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04341-1. hdl:1983/de841853-d57b-40d9-876f-9bfcf7253f12. PMID 34937052.
- ^ Álvarez-Carretero, Sandra; Tamuri, Asif U.; Battini, Matteo; Nascimento, Fabrícia F.; Carlisle, Emily; Asher, Robert J.; Yang, Ziheng; Donoghue, Philip C.J.; dos Reis, Mario (2022). "4705sp_colours_mammal-time.tree". Nature. 602 (7896): 263–267. Bibcode:2022Natur.602..263A. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04341-1. hdl:1983/de841853-d57b-40d9-876f-9bfcf7253f12. PMID 34937052.
- ^ Voss, Robert S.; Díaz-Nieto, Juan F.; Jansa, Sharon A. (January 31, 2018). "A Revision of Philander (Marsupialia: Didelphidae), Part 1: P. quica, P. canus, and a New Species from Amazonia". American Museum Novitates (3891). Retrieved 14 October 2024.
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