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Canadian AIDS Society
Société canadienne du sida
FormationMay 12, 1987; 37 years ago (1987-05-12)[1]
TypeCharitable organization
April 1, 1988 (1988-04-01)[2]
Legal statusActive
PurposeSupport and advocate for those affected by HIV/AIDS
Headquarters355-1554 Carling Avenue
Ottawa, Ontario
K1Z 7M4
Official languages
English; French
Executive Director
Ken Miller
Websitewww.cdnaids.ca

The Canadian AIDS Society (CAS) is a national charitable organization dedicated to advocating for AIDS Service Organizations across Canada. Established in 1987 amidst the growing HIV/AIDS crisis and an inadequate governmental response, CAS initially began as a grassroots movement and later formalized into a coalition, incorporating in 1988. The decision to relocate to Ottawa was strategic, aiming to enhance engagement with governmental bodies.[1][2][3]

Throughout its history, CAS has been involved in shaping national policies related to HIV/AIDS, including advocating for the development and renewal of the National AIDS Strategy (NAS) in Canada. CAS has also worked to secure funding for HIV/AIDS initiatives nationwide, facing challenges such as resistance from government officials.[4][5]

CAS conducts community outreach and awareness campaigns, managing initiatives such as National HIV Testing Day, AIDS Walk Canada, and the stewardship of the Canadian AIDS Memorial Quilt. These programs aim to raise awareness and provide support to individuals affected by HIV/AIDS across the country.[6][7][8]

In recent years, CAS has expanded its efforts to promote HIV testing and sexual health advocacy, emphasizing the importance of sustained access to testing resources, while continuing to address the needs of those impacted by HIV/AIDS within Canada's public health landscape.[9][10]

History

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Establishment

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The Canadian AIDS Society (CAS) was established in response to the growing HIV/AIDS crisis in Canada during the 1980s. At that time, the Canadian government's response to the epidemic was largely inadequate, resulting in insufficient support and resources to address the challenges posed by HIV/AIDS. Faced with bureaucratic inactivity and the absence of a coordinated national strategy, local organizations, including AIDS Service Organizations (ASOs), recognized the need to unite their efforts. The formation of CAS stemmed from discussions and collaborations among representatives of these ASOs during national conferences on HIV/AIDS held in Montreal in 1985 and Toronto in 1986. These conferences played a crucial role in mobilizing efforts to combat the epidemic on a broader scale, leading to the establishment of CAS as a national umbrella organization.[3]

In 1987, the CAS hosted its national conference in Ottawa, strategically leveraging the proximity to the nation's capital to engage with federal government agencies. This conference provided an opportunity for CAS to educate government officials about the diverse needs of community-based AIDS organizations across the country. This event marked a crucial phase in CAS's evolution, demonstrating its proactive advocacy and collaboration with government bodies as a representative of ASOs.[11]

The Canadian AIDS Society (CAS) underwent significant growth and evolution following its establishment. Initially operating as an informal network, CAS transitioned into a formalized coalition upon its incorporation in 1988. Led by Michael Phair, its first board chair from Edmonton, this transition represented a crucial phase in CAS's development. Relocating to Ottawa and obtaining charity status marked significant milestones, providing enhanced access to government channels and a more stable funding base. The membership of CAS grew from 16 to 27 organizations at the time of incorporation, highlighting the increasing support for CAS's objectives.[12][13]

With formalization, CAS gained the capacity to effectively represent AIDS Service Organizations (ASOs) across the nation, advocating for their interests at the national level. Despite these advancements, CAS remained committed to championing the concerns of local ASOs. The decentralized structure of CAS facilitated efficient advocacy for the needs of ASOs, while also ensuring that member organizations retained influence in the decision-making processes of the coalition. This emphasis on accountability to local organizations was imperative for CAS to uphold its credibility and effectiveness as a national advocacy entity.[3][14]

Since 1988, the Canadian AIDS Society (CAS) has reserved a seat on its board of directors for a person living with HIV/AIDS (PHA), acknowledging the importance of their inclusion in decision-making processes. Following the establishment of the First Annual Forum for PHAs in 1992, CAS has actively addressed a broad spectrum of issues relevant to PHAs. Through workshops and working groups, discussions have centered on organizational development and critical areas such as treatment and research, income security, housing and hospice care, and health promotion strategies. These concerns have become central to PHAs, influencing CAS's involvement in key areas essential to the community it serves.[15][16]

Structure

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Member organizations

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The Canadian AIDS Society (CAS) acts as a representative body for AIDS Service Organizations (ASOs) across Canada, spanning multiple provinces and cities. Eligibility for membership requires organizations to be community-based, volunteer-driven, with a primary focus on HIV/AIDS activities.[17]

Evolution of governance and representation

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The Canadian AIDS Society (CAS) is overseen by a board of directors, which includes two representatives from each region of Canada, one of whom is required to be HIV-positive. Additionally, CAS has two at-large board seats for one male and one female member, ensuring gender-diverse representation. One board seat is allocated for a young person living with HIV.[18]

Funding

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The Canadian AIDS Society (CAS) was actively involved in advocacy efforts related to the development and renewal of the National AIDS Strategy (NAS) in Canada. Despite initial challenges, such as resistance from Minister of Health Jake Epp, CAS initiated advocacy efforts for a National AIDS Strategy to address the escalating epidemic. Political momentum increased with the appointment of Perrin Beatty as Minister of Health in 1989, who committed to developing the NAS during the 5th International Conference on AIDS in Montreal. CAS established itself as a credible organization on Parliament Hill, gaining direct access to Minister Beatty and influencing policy discussions. Their efforts led to the release of the first phase of the NAS in 1990, with an annual budget of $37.3 million. CAS advocated for the renewal and expansion of the NAS through various means, including negotiations and policy development.[5][19][20]

In 1993, Phase II of the NAS was launched, allocating $42.2 million annually over five years. Despite facing challenges, CAS retained its position as a significant stakeholder in the negotiations for the National AIDS Strategy (NAS), ultimately securing the renewal of Phase III, which was renamed the Canadian Strategy on HIV/AIDS in 1998. This renewal was endorsed by Minister of Health Allan Rock and included ongoing government funding of $42.2 million annually. By then, CAS had grown to over 120 member organizations and expanded its staff to 22 employees, consolidating its position as a legitimate voice in Canadian politics and a vital advocate for AIDS Service Organizations (ASOs) nationwide.[4][21][22]

In 2003, the House of Commons Standing Committee on Health issued a unanimous recommendation for Canada to double its annual HIV/AIDS funding to $85 million. Subsequently, the federal government pledged to support this initiative by gradually increasing funding, starting from $42.2 million in 2004 and aiming to reach $84.4 million annually by 2009. However, Minister of Health Tony Clement, representing the Harper government, suspended the commitment to increase funding in 2007. Since then, funding has remained frozen at approximately $73 million annually for the last 15 years as of 2022.[23][24][25][26][27]

CAS has received funding from the federal government through the Public Health Agency of Canada. However, since the reorganization of funding priorities for HIV and Hepatitis C in 2016, CAS has not received any federal funding. This shift, alongside broader underfunding issues for HIV/AIDS service organizations in Canada, has provoked strong criticism from various stakeholders, including CAS's national partner, the HIV Legal Network.[28][29]

National HIV/AIDS organizations emphasize that despite groundbreaking medical discoveries moving towards a potential cure, advocates argue that progress faces challenges due to limited political support to increase funding. In 2023, the federal government allocated an annual budget of $33.4 million to the HIV and Hepatitis C Community Action Fund and the Harm Reduction Fund. Stigma remains a barrier despite treatment progress. Advocates argue for increased funding, citing a recommended annual budget of $100 million by the House of Commons Standing Committee on Health in 2019.[30][31][32]

Programs and campaigns

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AIDS memorial quilt

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In 1989, the Persons With AIDS (PWA) Coalition in Halifax organized the Canadian Tour of the American Names Project AIDS Memorial Quilt across Canada as part of a larger North American Tour. Collaborating with local AIDS activists, they exhibited the quilt to coincide with local Pride Week activities, with each host city required to raise $10,000 to cover the costs of hosting the quilt.[33][34][35][36]

The quilt journeyed through seven Canadian cities during the months of June and July:

As the quilt traveled, local panels were created to remember those who died of AIDS. The Canada Quilt took shape during the US Quilt's tour, with new Canadian panels. Returned to Halifax in July, these panels formed the first sections of the Canadian AIDS Memorial Quilt. Although separate from the US Quilt, the Names Project in Canada follows identical procedures. In October 1989, the Halifax PWA Coalition exhibited the Canadian quilt at the final display of the entire US quilt on The Ellipse in Washington, D.C.[44][45]

In 1992, the Canadian AIDS Society (CAS) cared for the Quilt until 1994. The Names Project Canada located in Halifax took over in June 1994,[46] growing the quilt from 400 to over 640 panels. Originating as a response to the AIDS epidemic, the quilt commemorates lives and raises funds for AIDS service organizations.[47]

National HIV testing day

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On June 27, 2019, CAS hosted its second annual event in collaboration with local health workers and community organizations. Over 100 community organizations established HIV testing sites for Canada's annual National HIV Testing Day, which is held each year.[48][9]

Sexual health advocacy

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STBBI testing during the COVID-19 pandemic

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In collaboration with the University of Ottawa and Ottawa Public Health, CAS partnered with local organizations such as the AIDS Committee of Ottawa (ACO) in piloting the GetaKit project, which facilitated the first testing of HIV self-testing home kits in Ottawa on April 23, 2020.[49]

Approved by Health Canada on November 3, 2020, the first HIV self-testing home kits serve as a tool to reduce the number of undetected infections.[50][51]

References

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  1. ^ a b "Federal Corporation Information: Canadian AIDS Society". Government of Canada. Corporations Canada. 12 May 1987. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  2. ^ a b "Charity Listing: Canadian AIDS Society". Government of Canada. Canada Revenue Agency. 31 March 2017. Archived from the original on 20 September 2018. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
  3. ^ a b c "Chapter Two: A Historical Summary of the Canadian AIDS Society". The evolution of the Canadian AIDS Society: a social movement organization as network, coalition and umbrella organization (Thesis). McGill University. 1 August 2000. pp. 34 to 61. Retrieved 15 January 2024. HIV/AIDS in Canada was very much one of neglect on the part of the government.
  4. ^ a b "HIV/AIDS Epidemiology, National AIDS Strategy and Budget Report". House of Commons of Canada. Parliament of Canada. May 1995. Retrieved 11 March 2024.
  5. ^ a b Duffin, J. (1994). "AIDS, memory and the history of medicine: musings on the Canadian response". Genitourinary Medicine. 70 (1): 64–69. doi:10.1136/sti.70.1.64. PMC 1195183. PMID 8300104.
  6. ^ Britneff, Beatrice (22 June 2018). "Canadian AIDS Society lives to see another year, launching national 'HIV testing day'". Global News. Retrieved 12 October 2018. the first-ever national "HIV testing day" in the country
  7. ^ "National AIDS Walk for Life History". AIDS Walk for Life. Scotiabank. 2007. Archived from the original on 1 September 2007. Retrieved 10 April 2024. CAS assumed management of the national AIDS walk campaign in 1996 and established AIDS Canada.
  8. ^ "The Canadian AIDS Memorial Quilt: Website Launch!". AIDS Activist History Project. 17 October 2011. Archived from the original on 22 October 2018. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  9. ^ a b "When it comes to HIV, know your status". SaskToday.ca. Saskatchewan: Glacier Media Group. 28 June 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
  10. ^ Mallais, Chris (27 February 2024). "Unfunded = Untenable: The Uncertain Future Of At-Home HIV Testing In Canada". Queer News. Retrieved 15 April 2024. 'And so a workaround that allows them to receive this service provides autonomy in their own healthcare.' – Ken Miller, Executive Director, CAS
  11. ^ Charles M. Roy (Refer to the nation's capital AKA Ottawa) (1 January 1996). "4". Living & Serving Persons with HIV: The Participation of PHAs in the National Community-based AIDS Movement (PDF). p. 31. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
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  21. ^ "More help on the way for AIDS patients". CBC News Canada. 13 November 1998. Retrieved 11 March 2024.
  22. ^ Minister of Health, Allan Rock (November 2001), Current Realities: Strengthening the Response. Canada's Report on HIV/AIDS 2001 (PDF), Health Canada, retrieved 11 March 2024
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  24. ^ "Committee wants more money for AIDS strategy". The Globe and Mail. 5 June 2003. Retrieved 11 March 2024.
  25. ^ "The Federal Initiative to Address HIV/AIDS in Canada" (PDF). 2004. p. 9. Retrieved 11 March 2024.
  26. ^ Gerald Caplan (17 August 2012). "Conservatives Have Done Little to Combat AIDS". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 11 March 2024.
  27. ^ "Horizontal Evaluation of the Federal Initiative to Address HIV/AIDS". Public Health Agency of Canada. March 2019. Retrieved 11 March 2024.
  28. ^ "Dozens of HIV/AIDS organizations struggling from lost funding - iPolitics". iPolitics. 24 April 2018. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
  29. ^ "The Missing Millions: Stopping and Reversing the Steady Erosion of Federal HIV Funding" (PDF). Canadian HIV Legal Network. 1 March 2018. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
  30. ^ "Government of Canada supports community-based projects addressing HIV, Hepatitis C, and other sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections". Public Health Agency of Canada. 1 December 2022. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  31. ^ "Written Submission for the Pre-Budget Consultations Brief HIV Legal Network" (PDF). House of Commons of Canada. Parliament of Canada. 1 October 2022. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  32. ^ "Is Canada's HIV funding 'complacent?' Why experts say time is now for boost". Global News. 2 April 2023. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  33. ^ Anita Martinez (10 June 1989). "Halifax PWA Coalitions". Halifax Rainbow Encyclopedia. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  34. ^ "Names Quilt to Tour North America". Vol. 10. Communique, Northern Lambda Nord. 1 June 1989. p. 2. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  35. ^ "Names Project Quilt 1989 North America Tour". RFD Magazine Gay. No. 57 Spring 1989. Short Mountain Collective RFD Press. March 21, 1989. p. 7. ISSN 0149-709X. Retrieved January 25, 2024.
  36. ^ Gallagher, Kenneth (25 May 1989). "The Quilt: Handicraft of the Heart". The Charlatan. Vol. 19, no. 1. Ottawa: Charlatan Publications Inc. (published 1989). p. 16. ISSN 0315-1859. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  37. ^ "AIDS Quilt come to Halifax" (PDF). Pandora. 1 June 1989. p. 16. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  38. ^ The Representations of HIV/AIDS in Québec Cinema 1986-1996 (PDF) (Thesis). The University of Leeds. 1 September 2016. p. 35. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  39. ^ "Pride Guide for June 9 - 18, 1998: Memorial Quilt". Gays of Ottawa (GO). 1 June 1989. pp. 3, 4, 5. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  40. ^ Southin, Brent (1 May 1989). "Names project quilt committee in Toronto". RITES. p. 5. Retrieved 15 January 2024. Refer to the article at the bottom of the newspaper page.
  41. ^ "A flyer promoting the Names project AIDS Memorial Quilt". Village Clinic. 29 June 1989. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  42. ^ Robert Walker, Alison Myes (5 July 1989). "Tears flow at AIDS exhibit". Calgary Herald. p. 11. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  43. ^ Michael Peter Brown (1 December 1994). Locating Citizenship Across the City Politics of AIDS in Vancouver, Canada (Thesis). University of British Columbia. p. 191. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  44. ^ "Angles and VGCC News: a subject index to two Canadian periodical publications of the Vancouver gay community". Angles 6(9) (Sept. 1989): 10. (Refer to Names Project on page 614). 1 September 1989. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  45. ^ "The Canadian AIDS Memorial Quilt". Angles 10(9) (Sept. 1992): 27. Vancouver. 1 September 1992.
  46. ^ "Federal Corporation Information: The NAMES Project Canada, 304037-2". Government of Canada. Corporations Canada. 3 June 1994. Retrieved 22 October 2018.
  47. ^ Cotnam, Hallie (16 April 2018). "AIDS group mulls how to preserve a Canadian quilt". CBC News. Retrieved 22 October 2018.
  48. ^ "Canada's Second National HIV Testing Day Takes Place". Global Citizens. 27 June 2019. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  49. ^ O'Byrne, P.; Musten, A.; Orser, L.; Inamdar, G.; Grayson, M. O.; Jones, C.; Francoeur, M.; Lachance, S.; Paulin, V. (17 May 2021). "At-home HIV self-testing during COVID: implementing the GetaKit project in Ottawa". Canadian Journal of Public Health. 112 (4): 587–594. doi:10.17269/s41997-021-00505-8. PMC 8127455. PMID 33999399.
  50. ^ "Canada approves first HIV self-test in long-awaited move to reduce screening barriers". The Canadian Press. 30 November 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  51. ^ Bresge, Adina (3 November 2020). "Canada approves first HIV self-test in long-awaited move to reduce screening barriers". The Star. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
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