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Bath Spa railway station

Coordinates: 51°22′39″N 2°21′23″W / 51.3775°N 2.3564°W / 51.3775; -2.3564
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Bath Spa
National Rail
Main buildings seen from Dorchester Street
General information
LocationBath, Bath and North East Somerset
England
Coordinates51°22′39″N 2°21′23″W / 51.3775°N 2.3564°W / 51.3775; -2.3564
Grid referenceST752643
Managed byGreat Western Railway
Platforms2
Other information
Station codeBTH
ClassificationDfT category C1
History
Original companyGreat Western Railway
Pre-groupingGreat Western Railway
Post-groupingGreat Western Railway
Key dates
31 August 1840Opened as Bath
1949Renamed Bath Spa
Passengers
2019/20Decrease 6.433 million
 Interchange Increase 0.198 million
2020/21Decrease 1.199 million
 Interchange Decrease 36,281
2021/22Increase 4.086 million
 Interchange Increase 0.132 million
2022/23Increase 5.468 million
 Interchange Increase 0.173 million
2023/24Increase 6.118 million
 Interchange Increase 0.194 million
Listed Building – Grade II*
Official nameBATH SPA STATION
Designated11 August 1972 (1972-08-11)
Reference no.1395629[1]
Notes
Passenger statistics from the Office of Rail and Road

Bath Spa railway station is the principal station serving the city of Bath in Somerset, England. It is on the Great Western Main Line, 106 miles 71 chains (106.89 mi; 172.0 km) down the line from the zero point at London Paddington between Chippenham to the east and Oldfield Park to the west.[2] It is the busiest station in Somerset, and the second busiest station in South West England after Bristol Temple Meads.[3]

The station is managed by Great Western Railway, which operates all trains at this station.

History

[edit]
Bath station in 1845, showing the original roof
Bath Spa station in 1962

Bath Spa station was built in 1840 for the Great Western Railway by Brunel and is now a Grade II* listed building.[1] It is in an asymmetrical Tudor style with curving gables on the north bank of the Avon where the line curves across from the southern bank to the station and then back again.[4] Opened on 31 August 1840, the station was named Bath and was renamed Bath Spa in 1949 to distinguish it from Bath Green Park station, which did not have its name altered from Bath until 1951.[5]

The station has wide spacing between the platforms because it was built with two broad gauge carriage sidings between the platform lines. The original station featured a hammerbeam roof that covered the area between the platforms, similar to that which still exists at Bristol Temple Meads. However, Bath's roof was removed in 1897 when the station was remodelled with longer platforms.[1][6]

A three-track goods shed was built immediately west of the station, to the north of the main track. In 1877 a goods depot was built about 500 metres to the west at Westmoreland and the goods shed was demolished for the station remodelling in 1897.[6]

A footbridge leads from the rear of the station across the Avon, allowing direct access to the Widcombe area of the city. Open in 1862, the bridge was originally made from wood and tolled (known locally as Halfpenny Bridge). However, this original structure collapsed disastrously in 1877 with a number of deaths, and the present steel girder bridge was erected as a replacement later that same year.[7]

Redevelopment

[edit]
Rebuilding the platforms in 2017

Since privatisation Great Western Railway has managed Bath Spa. In 2005 the company obtained listed building consent for alterations to the building, including the installation of lifts to the platforms. Ticket barriers have also been installed.[8]

Other developments started in 2011 to integrate the station with the new Bath bus station and SouthGate shopping centre,[9] and redevelop some of the station car park and northern ramp into a restaurant complex at a cost of £12 million.[10] There are plans to adapt some arches at the station to encourage retail use.[11]

Bath Spa won awards for Best Medium-Sized Station and Overall Best Station at the 2013 International Station Awards.[12]

The station was modified in April 2017 for the Great Western Main Line electrification project. Because of its listed status, the platform canopies could not be cut back to fit overhead electrification equipment on the alignment and so the platforms were widened so that future electrification masts could be installed between the tracks. (Electrification through the station was deferred in November 2016). The work provided a larger circulation area and reduced the gap between train and platform.[13]

Other stations in Bath

[edit]

The only other open station in Bath is Oldfield Park, a small commuter station in a western suburb, with limited services to Bristol and to Bath Spa, and onward stations.[14]

Former stations now closed in Bath were Green Park (the Midland terminus, whose overall roof and primary buildings survive, and which for part of its life was named "Bath Queen Square"),[15] Bathampton and Weston (a suburban station on the Midland line which closed in 1953). Westmoreland Road was a GWR goods station.[16] Twerton-on-Avon, and Hampton Row Halt, both on the GWR route, closed in 1917 as a World War I economy measure.[17]

Services

[edit]
A Class 800 at Bath Spa on a service towards Bristol Temple Meads

All services at Bath Spa are operated by Great Western Railway. They provide services between London Paddington and Bristol Temple Meads at a frequency of 2 trains per hour (1 train per hour on Sundays). These give a service from Bath to Chippenham, Swindon and Reading. 1 train every 2 hours extends beyond Bristol to Weston-super-Mare, and 3 trains a day extend to Taunton or Penzance.[18]

Between Bristol Temple Meads and Westbury a further 3 trains per hour are provided, calling at many of the smaller stations along the route. Of these trains 1 train per hour runs between Cardiff Central and Portsmouth Harbour, 1 train per hour runs from Bristol Temple Meads to Salisbury and 1 train per hours runs from Gloucester to Westbury, with 1 train per 2 hours extending to Weymouth. [19]

Preceding station National Rail National Rail Following station
Bristol Temple Meads   Great Western Railway
(Great Western Main Line) 		  Chippenham
Oldfield Park   Great Western Railway
(Wessex Main Line and Heart of Wessex Line) 		  Freshford

Civil engineering

[edit]

The GWR line from London crosses the Avon at the east end of the station, then crosses it again to the west of the station before continuing along a viaduct. Both bridges and the viaduct were originally designed by Brunel, and all are listed buildings.

St James's Bridge

[edit]
North side of the bridge
St James's Railway Bridge
Coordinates51°22′42″N 2°21′18″W / 51.3783°N 2.3549°W / 51.3783; -2.3549
CarriesGWR Main Line
CrossesRiver Avon
Characteristics
Longest span27 m (89 ft)
History
ArchitectBrunel
Openedc. 1840
Statistics
Listed Building – Grade II
Official nameST JAMES'S RAILWAY BRIDGE
Designated5 August 1975 (1975-08-05)
Reference no.1395151[20]

The eastern bridge is a elliptical stone arch, with a smaller circular arch either side. It was repaired in brick in 1927. Although not referred to as such, it is a skew bridge, crossing the river at about 45 degrees; it "embodies Brunel's ability to find elegant architectural solutions to engineering challenges."[20]

Skew Bridge

[edit]
North side of bridge; station to the left
Skew Bridge
Coordinates51°22′38″N 2°21′30″W / 51.3772°N 2.3583°W / 51.3772; -2.3583
CarriesGWR main line
CrossesRiver Avon
Characteristics
MaterialStone abutments/pier, with
  • 1840: Laminated timber
  • 1878: Steel, cast & wrought iron
First section length24.38 m (80.0 ft)
Second section length24.38 m (80.0 ft)
History
Designer
  • Brunel
  • 1878: Wakefield Simpson
Built1840
Rebuilt1878
Statistics
Listed Building – Grade II
Official nameSKEW BRIDGE AND ASSOCIATED CANTILEVERED WALKWAY IMMEDIATELY TO THE WEST OF BATH SPA STATION
Designated21 September 2000 (2000-09-21)
Reference no.1395344[21]

Brunel originally intended the Skew Bridge over the Avon to be constructed of cast iron, but he was unable to let the contract for this. Instead, he designed each arch to consist of six arches of laminated timber. Each arch had five laminations of 6 inches (15 cm) thick Baltic pine, bent to shape and held together with bolts and straps of iron.[22] Under the arches, a walkway allowed pedestrians to pass along the south bank of the river; railings were added to the walkway during the 1878 rebuilding.[21]

In 1878, Wakefield Simpson replaced the timber arches with two wrought iron truss spans, supported by iron cylinders which rest on the original piers and abutments. The bridge was strengthened in the 1960s with additional steel supports and superstructure, to allow it to carry the extended platforms of Bath Station.[21][23]

St James' Viaduct

[edit]
North side of the viaduct
St James' Viaduct
Coordinates51°22′38″N 2°21′36″W / 51.3772°N 2.3600°W / 51.3772; -2.3600
CarriesGWR main line
CrossesLower Bristol Road
Other name(s)Holloway Viaduct, Southgate Viaduct
Characteristics
MaterialLimestone, brick, steel
History
Built1840
Opened21 Aug 1840
Rebuilt1911, 1961
Statistics
Listed Building – Grade II*
Official nameSt James' Viaduct (MLN110705)
Designated11 August 1972 (1972-08-11)
Reference no.1395135[24]

After the Skew Bridge, the line continues towards Bristol over St James' Viaduct, a "castellated Gothic fantasy"[25] with pointed arches and arrow slots on the northern (Bath-facing) side; the southern side is plainer. There are seventeen arches in total; the spans crossing Wells Road and Lower Bristol Road were rebuilt in steel in 1911–12 as locomotives had become heavier; the former span was again rebuilt in 1961–62.[24][25]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Historic England. "Bath Spa Station (1395629)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 27 December 2011.
  2. ^ Padgett, David (June 2018) [1989]. Munsey, Myles (ed.). Railway Track Diagrams 3: Western & Wales (6th ed.). Frome: Trackmaps. map 5C. ISBN 978-1-9996271-0-2.
  3. ^ "Office of Rail & Road".
  4. ^ "Avonside House Design and Access Statement" (PDF). Bath and North East Somerset Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
  5. ^ Butt, R.V.J. (1995). The Directory of Railway Stations. Yeovil: Patrick Stephens Ltd. p. 29. ISBN 1-85260-508-1. R508.
  6. ^ a b Goods shed, Bath Spa Station, Bath - Historic Building Assessment (PDF) (Report). Oxford Archaeological Unit. 10 March 2000. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  7. ^ Historic England, Halfpenny Bridge and Lodge House (1394582) Retrieved 12 December 2021
  8. ^ "Gating proposal for Bath Spa Station ticket hall" (PDF). Bath and North East Somerset Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
  9. ^ "Bath Southgate Transport Interchange" (PDF). Southgate Bath. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
  10. ^ "First image of £12m Bath restaurant scheme". Bath Chronicle. 8 December 2011. Archived from the original on 9 January 2012. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
  11. ^ "Retail Proposals at Bath Spa Railway Station, Bath" (PDF). Oxford Architects. Bath and North East Somerset Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
  12. ^ Harris, Nigel, ed. (25 December 2013). "Awards for Bath Spa". Rail. No. 738. Haymarket. p. 12.
  13. ^ "Modernisation of Bath Spa station". Rail Engineer. Archived from the original on 18 January 2018. Retrieved 17 January 2018.
  14. ^ "Oldfield Park". The Heart of Wessex Line 2010. Archived from the original on 7 January 2011. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
  15. ^ "The Midland Railway". Bristol and Bath Railway Path. Archived from the original on 28 November 2011. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
  16. ^ Maggs, Colin C. (2013). The GWR Bristol To Bath. Amberley Publishing. ISBN 9781445625829. Archived from the original on 26 January 2019. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
  17. ^ Mike Oakley (2002). Somerset Railway Stations. Dovecote Press, Wimborne. ISBN 1-904349-09-9.
  18. ^ Table 125 National Rail timetable, December 2023
  19. ^ Table 133 National Rail timetable, December 2023
  20. ^ a b Historic England & 1395151.
  21. ^ a b c Historic England & 1395344.
  22. ^ Brindle, Steven (2005). Brunel : the man who built the world. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 158. ISBN 0297844083.
  23. ^ Great Western Main Line Route Structures Gazetteer | Historic England. Alan Baxter & Associates LLP. 18 April 2012. p. 485. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  24. ^ a b Historic England & 1395135.
  25. ^ a b Great Western Main Line Route Structures Gazetteer | Historic England. Alan Baxter & Associates LLP. 18 April 2012. p. 487. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
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