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Antarctic Treaty issue

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Antarctic Treaty issue
Country of productionUnited States
DesignerHoward Koslow
CommemoratesAntarctic Treaty
DepictsMap of Antarctica
Face valueUS¢8

The Antarctic Treaty issue is a postage stamp that was issued by the United States Post Office Department on June 23, 1971. Designed by Howard Koslow, it commemorates the tenth anniversary of the Antarctic Treaty, and is notable as Koslow's first postage stamp design.

The stamp has a face value of eight cents. One-hundred thirty million were issued.

Background

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The Antarctic Treaty was signed on December 1, 1959 by the United States and eleven other nations involved in scientific research on the continent of Antarctica during the preceding biennium; seven of these nations – Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway and the United Kingdom – had competing territorial claims to Antarctica.[1] From November 18 to November 19, 1968, the fifth consultative meeting of the state parties to the treaty was held in Paris.[2] During it, the issue of decennial commemorative stamps by the state parties who had signed the Antarctic Treaty was recommended.[3]

Release

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The Antarctic Treaty issue commemorates the Antarctic Treaty which provided a framework governing access to Antarctica (pictured).

The public announcement of the Antarctic Treaty issue release was made in May 1971 and it was officially released on June 23, 1971, the tenth (decennial) anniversary on which the Antarctic Treaty became effective.[4][5]

The official release was accompanied by a first day ceremony in Washington, D.C. attended by United States Secretary of State William P. Rogers, United States Postmaster General Winton M. Blount, and the ambassadors to the United States of the state parties to the Antarctic Treaty.[5] During the ceremony, Blount presented an album of the stamps to Soviet ambassador Anatoly Dobrynin.[5]

One-hundred thirty million Antarctic Treaty issue stamps were printed.[6]

Proofs

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Specimens of the stamp, as well as its plate proofs, are held by the National Philatelic Collection, housed in the National Postal Museum.[7] In 2013, the United States Postal Service (USPS) auctioned on eBay a proof of the Antarctic Treaty issue that contained the handwritten approval of Postmaster General Blount.[8] The proof was one of two such proofs of the Antarctic Treaty issue held in the Postmaster General's Philatelic Collection.[8] It sold for $1,099.99.[9]

Design

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The stamp was designed by the acclaimed American postage stamp illustrator Howard Koslow, and was notable as his first postage stamp design.[10][11][12] It features a map of Antarctica in white, set on a field of blue, which was adapted from the logo design used on documents of the treaty's consultative meetings.[13] Earlier, in 1965, the Special Committee on Antarctic Research of the International Council of Scientific Unions had called for stamps commemorating the decennial of the treaty to prominently feature the map of Antarctica.[14] Due to competing territorial claims in Antarctica, the simplicity of a map-centered design was considered a matter of political importance.[14]

The stamp has an eight cents face value.[10]

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In addition to the United States, other state parties to the Antarctic Treaty also issued commemorative stamps on its ten-year anniversary.[4]

In 1991, on the thirtieth anniversary of the Antarctic Treaty, the United States issued another stamp commemorating the Antarctic Treaty.[15] Howard Koslow returned to design the fifty-cent, airmail, stamp which depicted USCGC Glacier near Ross Island.[15]

Emblem of the Antarctic Treaty

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Emblem of the Antarctic Treaty

After the design found on the stamp was employed as an emblem of the Antarctic Treaty System informally since the first consultative meeting in 1961,[16][17] with similar designs found even in the first redaction of the treaty from 1959,[18] the members of the Antarctic Treaty System have adopted it officially in 2002.[19] The emblem is used in the form of a flag,[20][21][22] among other forms, and it has inspired subsequent designs.[23] Officially this emblem represents the Antarctic Treaty System and not the continent itself.[20]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "The Antarctic Treaty". ats.aq. Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty. Retrieved August 22, 2018.
  2. ^ "Fifth Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting". coldregions.org. American Geosciences Institute. Retrieved August 22, 2018.
  3. ^ Final Report of the Fifth Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting. Antarctic Treaty System. 1968. p. 2.
  4. ^ a b Weis, Paul (May 5, 1971). "Stamps: Wildlife Series". Daily Courier. Copley News Service. Retrieved November 21, 2017.
  5. ^ a b c "President Praises Antarctic Treaty on its Anniversary". Department of State Newsletter. United States Department of State. 1971.
  6. ^ "Antarctic Treaty Issue". arago.si.edu. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved September 3, 2017.
  7. ^ "8c Antarctic Treaty plate proof". si.edu. National Postal Museum. Retrieved August 22, 2018.
  8. ^ a b McGlone, Peggy (September 17, 2013). "U.S. Postal Service partners with eBay for online collectible store". nj.com. Retrieved August 22, 2018.
  9. ^ Liebson, Matthew. "Rare Proofs Surface in First Round of USPS eBay Auctions". Virtual Stamp Club. American First Day Cover Society. Retrieved August 22, 2018.
  10. ^ a b Grimes, William (February 1, 2016). "Howard Koslow Dies at 91; Artist Designed Stamps for 40 Years". The New York Times. Retrieved September 3, 2017.
  11. ^ Langer, Emily (February 2, 2016). "Howard Koslow, stamp designer whose masterpieces adorned millions of items of mail, dies at 91". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 22, 2018.
  12. ^ Wozniak, Maurice (2001). Krause-Minkus Standard Catalog of U.S. Stamps. Krause Publications. p. 412. ISBN 0873493214.
  13. ^ Connor, William (April 11, 1971). "Nine U.S. Stamps to be Issued During Next Several Months". The San Bernardino Sun. Retrieved November 21, 2017.
  14. ^ a b Sollie, Finn (December 1970). "The Political Experiment in Antarctica". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Retrieved November 21, 2017.
  15. ^ a b Kronish, Syd (July 6, 1991). "Peace-promoting Antarctic Treaty honored on latest issue". The Post-Crescent. Associated Press. Retrieved August 22, 2018.(subscription required)
  16. ^ "Antarctic treaty, first consultative meeting, 10 Jul 1961" (PDF) (in French).
  17. ^ "Postage stamp issues to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the Antarctic Treaty, 1961". Polar Record. 16 (100): 104–105. January 1972. doi:10.1017/S0032247400062677. ISSN 1475-3057. S2CID 251050011. The representatives recommend their governments:...that the most prominent feature of the stamp should be the Atlantic Treaty emblem representing a map of Antarctica, which appears on the official documents of consultative meetings;
  18. ^ "Original facsimile of Antarctic Treaty, 1 December 1959" (PDF).
  19. ^ "The Antarctic Treaty Explained". British Antarctic Survey. Retrieved 2020-10-27.
  20. ^ a b "Antarctic Treaty database - Decision 2 (2002) - ATCM XXV - CEP V, Warsaw". ats.aq. Retrieved 2020-10-26.
  21. ^ "Antarctic Treaty". www.fotw.info. Retrieved 2023-03-29.
  22. ^ "HEADQUARTERS AGREEMENT FOR THE SECRETARIAT OF THE ANTARCTIC TREATY" (PDF).
  23. ^ Dumont-Le Cornec, Elisabeth (2020). The World Encyclopedia of Flags: Banners and Ensigns. Firefly Books. p. 154. ISBN 978-0-2281-0258-8. Archived from the original on 2023-10-01. Retrieved 2023-03-29. ...One flag was designed by Graham Bartram and is very similar to the flag of the Antarctic Treaty, and the other is by Whitney Smith... Neither of these flags has ever been flown on the territories governed by the treaty.
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