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==Positions held==
==Positions held==
Other positions have included Diplomatic Fellow at the [[Council on Foreign Relations]] and Visiting Scholar at [[Columbia University]].<ref name=courier/> He is a member of the Board of Directors of the [[Institute of the Americas]]<ref>[[Institute of the Americas]], [http://www.iamericas.org/en/about-ioa/board-of-directors Board of Directors] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520060824/http://www.iamericas.org/en/about-ioa/board-of-directors |date=2012-05-20 }}, accessed 20 May 2012</ref> and of [[Freedom Now]],<ref>[[Freedom Now]], [http://www.freedom-now.org/about/board-of-advisors/ Board of Advisors], accessed 20 May 2012</ref> and of the Board of Advisors of [[Inter-American Dialogue]].<ref>[[Inter-American Dialogue]], [http://www.thedialogue.org/latin_america_advisor_newsletters Board of Advisors] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318212708/http://www.thedialogue.org/latin_america_advisor_newsletters |date=2012-03-18 }}, accessed 20 May 2012]</ref> He has been a Director at The Columbus Group, and is currently the Chairman of the Advisory Board at Athelera LLC as well as a Member of the Board of Advisors at VMS Associates, LLC.<ref>BusinessWeek.com, [http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=27129079&privcapId=3625811&previousCapId=23712082&previousTitle=Celera%20Partners,%20LLC Diego E. Arria], accessed 20 May 2012</ref>
Other positions have included Diplomatic Fellow at the [[Council on Foreign Relations]] and Visiting Scholar at [[Columbia University]].<ref name=courier/> He is a member of the Board of Directors of the [[Institute of the Americas]]<ref>[[Institute of the Americas]], [http://www.iamericas.org/en/about-ioa/board-of-directors Board of Directors] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520060824/http://www.iamericas.org/en/about-ioa/board-of-directors |date=2012-05-20 }}, accessed 20 May 2012</ref> and of [[Freedom Now]],<ref>[[Freedom Now]], [http://www.freedom-now.org/about/board-of-advisors/ Board of Advisors] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120615164755/http://www.freedom-now.org/about/board-of-advisors/ |date=2012-06-15 }}, accessed 20 May 2012</ref> and of the Board of Advisors of [[Inter-American Dialogue]].<ref>[[Inter-American Dialogue]], [http://www.thedialogue.org/latin_america_advisor_newsletters Board of Advisors] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318212708/http://www.thedialogue.org/latin_america_advisor_newsletters |date=2012-03-18 }}, accessed 20 May 2012]</ref> He has been a Director at The Columbus Group, and is currently the Chairman of the Advisory Board at Athelera LLC as well as a Member of the Board of Advisors at VMS Associates, LLC.<ref>BusinessWeek.com, [http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=27129079&privcapId=3625811&previousCapId=23712082&previousTitle=Celera%20Partners,%20LLC Diego E. Arria], accessed 20 May 2012</ref>


==Opposition to Venezuelan government==
==Opposition to Venezuelan government==
Line 75: Line 75:
===Ranch expropriation===
===Ranch expropriation===
[[File:HaciendaLaCarolina.jpg|thumb|right|''La Carolina'' taken by Arria one month before the expropriation, according to him.]]
[[File:HaciendaLaCarolina.jpg|thumb|right|''La Carolina'' taken by Arria one month before the expropriation, according to him.]]
On 30 April 2010, Arria's ranch, "La Carolina" in [[Yaracuy State]], was taken over by the [[Venezuelan government]]. Minister of Agriculture [[Elias Jaua]] "declared that lawyers and historians working for the National Lands Institute (INTI) ha[d] not been able to find continuity of ownership deeds in the national register and therefore the lands are "fallow" and return to the State".<ref>Vheadline.com, 13 May 2010, [http://www.vheadline.com/readnews.asp?id=91793 It's final: Arria farm declared social property after failure to trace title deeds] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303194830/http://www.vheadline.com/readnews.asp?id=91793 |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> According to government officials, the ranch was unproductive and was a case of idle lands; according to Arria, the farm had 300 cattle and 90% of it was under some form of agricultural development.<ref>{{in lang|es}} ''[[El Universal (Caracas)|El Universal]]'', 2 May 2010, [http://www.eluniversal.com/2010/05/02/eco_ava_prohiben-a-propietar_02A3843051.shtml Prohíben a propietarios ingresar a finca La Carolina]</ref> Becoming aware of the expropriation threat, Arria took photos of the farm and the cattle and posted them on the Internet, including the one used here. ''[[Correo del Orinoco (2009)|Correo del Orinoco]]'', a state-owned newspaper, reported its claims that Arria's declarations about expropriation and looting by the Ministry of Agriculture are "subversive and tend to urge the homicide of Hugo Chávez."<ref>{{in lang|es}} ''[[Correo del Orinoco (2009)|Correo del Orinoco]]'', 10 May 2010, [http://www.correodelorinoco.gob.ve/impacto/declaraciones-diego-arria-son-subversivas-e-instan-al-magnicidio/ Declaraciones de Diego Arria son subversivas e instan al magnicidio]</ref> According to Arria, the expropriation was a reaction to Arria's participation in the [[Oslo Freedom Forum]], where he stated that Chavez will have to face International Justice one day for his "crimes" against the Venezuelan people.<ref>{{in lang|es}}, elnuevodiario.com.do, 11 May 2010, [http://elnuevodiario.com.do/app/article.aspx?id=198546 "Ex embajador de Venezuela dice Chávez le quitó finca por venganza política"]</ref> He has since described the ranch's seizure as "pillaging and ransacking."<ref name="tcs.cam.ac.uk"/>
On 30 April 2010, Arria's ranch, "La Carolina" in [[Yaracuy State]], was taken over by the [[Venezuelan government]]. Minister of Agriculture [[Elias Jaua]] "declared that lawyers and historians working for the National Lands Institute (INTI) ha[d] not been able to find continuity of ownership deeds in the national register and therefore the lands are "fallow" and return to the State".<ref>Vheadline.com, 13 May 2010, [http://www.vheadline.com/readnews.asp?id=91793 It's final: Arria farm declared social property after failure to trace title deeds] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303194830/http://www.vheadline.com/readnews.asp?id=91793 |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> According to government officials, the ranch was unproductive and was a case of idle lands; according to Arria, the farm had 300 cattle and 90% of it was under some form of agricultural development.<ref>{{in lang|es}} ''[[El Universal (Caracas)|El Universal]]'', 2 May 2010, [http://www.eluniversal.com/2010/05/02/eco_ava_prohiben-a-propietar_02A3843051.shtml Prohíben a propietarios ingresar a finca La Carolina]</ref> Becoming aware of the expropriation threat, Arria took photos of the farm and the cattle and posted them on the Internet, including the one used here. ''[[Correo del Orinoco (2009)|Correo del Orinoco]]'', a state-owned newspaper, reported its claims that Arria's declarations about expropriation and looting by the Ministry of Agriculture are "subversive and tend to urge the homicide of Hugo Chávez."<ref>{{in lang|es}} ''[[Correo del Orinoco (2009)|Correo del Orinoco]]'', 10 May 2010, [http://www.correodelorinoco.gob.ve/impacto/declaraciones-diego-arria-son-subversivas-e-instan-al-magnicidio/ Declaraciones de Diego Arria son subversivas e instan al magnicidio]</ref> According to Arria, the expropriation was a reaction to Arria's participation in the [[Oslo Freedom Forum]], where he stated that Chavez will have to face International Justice one day for his "crimes" against the Venezuelan people.<ref>{{in lang|es}}, elnuevodiario.com.do, 11 May 2010, [http://elnuevodiario.com.do/app/article.aspx?id=198546 "Ex embajador de Venezuela dice Chávez le quitó finca por venganza política"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714230722/http://elnuevodiario.com.do/app/article.aspx?id=198546 |date=2014-07-14 }}</ref> He has since described the ranch's seizure as "pillaging and ransacking."<ref name="tcs.cam.ac.uk"/>


===False accusations===
===False accusations===

Revision as of 18:00, 23 October 2022

Diego Arria
President of the United Nations Security Council
In office
1 March 1992 – 31 March 1992
Permanent Representative of Venezuela in the United Nations
In office
11 March 1991 – August 1993
PresidentCarlos Andrés Pérez
Succeeded byAdolfo Raul Taylhardat
Minister of Information and Tourism
In office
February 1977[1] – 17 March 1978[1]
PresidentCarlos Andrés Pérez
Succeeded byCelestino Armas
Governor of Caracas, Capital District
In office
15 March 1974[2] – February 1977[3]
PresidentCarlos Andrés Pérez
Preceded byGuillermo Alvarez Bajarez[4]
Succeeded byManuel Montilla Caceres[4]
President of the Corporación Nacional de Hotelería y Turismo (CONAHOTU)
In office
12 March 1969 – 2 February 1974
PresidentRafael Caldera
Personal details
Born (1938-10-08) 8 October 1938 (age 86)
Caracas, Venezuela
Nationality Venezuela
RelationsDivorced 2012
Alma materUniversity of Michigan

Diego Enrique Arria Salicetti (born 8 October 1938 in Caracas, Venezuela),[5] is a Venezuelan politician and diplomat who served as Venezuela's Permanent Representative to the United Nations (1991–1993) and President of the Security Council (March 1992).

He was governor of the Federal District of Caracas in the mid-1970s. Other positions have included Diplomatic Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations and Visiting Scholar at Columbia University.[6] Arria is a critic of former President of Venezuela, Hugo Chávez,[7] and denounced him at the International Criminal Court at The Hague for crimes against humanity. Chávez died before the court could judge his case.

Background

Arria was schooled partly in Caracas and partly at the Augusta Military Academy at Fort Defiance, Virginia. He obtained a degree in economics and political science from the University of Michigan.[8] Arria worked for the Inter-American Development Bank in Washington, D.C. until he returned to Venezuela in 1969, initially as Director of Tourism in Rafael Caldera's Ministry of Development, and later as president of the CONAHOTU (National Corporation of Hotels and Tourism),[9] and president of Venezuelan Tourism Corporation.

Political career

Arria resigned as head of the Venezuela Tourism Corporation to create the political movement Causa Común (Common Cause) that later supported the presidential candidacy of Carlos Andrés Pérez. In 1973, Arria was elected member of the National Congress, representing the state of Miranda. Shortly after Carlos Andrés was elected in March 1974, he appointed Arria Governor of the Federal District (Caracas),[2] at a time when this was one of the most important presidential appointments.[10] In September 1974, he went to Chile to negotiate with President Pinochet for the release of his friend Orlando Letelier, who later became a colleague at the Inter American Development Bank in D.C. Pinochet ordered the release of Letelier, who was told by the officer in charge that "the arm of DINA is long; General Pinochet will not and does not tolerate activities against his government." This was a clear warning to Letelier that living in exile in Venezuela and United States would not guarantee his safety. In fact, not long after in 1976, Letelier was murdered in a car bomb attack in Washington D.C on Pinochet's order.[11] Arria intervened again by bringing Letelier's body to Caracas for burial, where it remained until the end of Pinochet's rule. He subsequently moved from the governorship to become Minister of Information and Tourism in February 1977.[1][3][12] He resigned on 17 March 1978 in order to stand as an independent candidate in the 1978 Venezuelan presidential election.[1] As part of his campaign, he published two books: "Primero La Gente" ("The People First") and "Dedicación a una Causa" ("Dedication to a Cause").

In 2012, Arria stood as an independent candidate for the presidential nomination of the Coalition for Democratic Unity for the 2012 Venezuelan presidential election. Primary elections were held on 12 February 2012, with Henrique Capriles Radonski winning the nomination.

United Nations

Arria was Venezuela's Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 1991 to 1993,[13][14] and President of the Security Council (March 1992),[15] during Venezuela's membership of the Security Council. Arria later became Special Advisor to Kofi Annan, Secretary General of the UN.[6]

Arria (formula) meetings

As UNSC president, he initiated the eponymous 'Arria formula'[16] a very informal consultation process which affords members of the Security Council the opportunity to hear persons in a confidential, informal setting. These meetings are presided over by a member of the Council who acts as a facilitator for the discussion rather than the President of the council. Arria has described this formula as a way of ensuring that members 'have to be honest'.[17] He was chairman during the massacres at Srebrenica. After visiting the enclave, he warned of its impending doom and predicted that a massacre would take place, saying it was "slow motion Genocide" and describing the besieged enclave as "a concentration camp policed by UNPROFOR".[18] According to the UN,

During the March 1992 Council presidency of Venezuela, Ambassador Diego Arria was contacted by Fra Joko Zovko, a Croatian priest who was eager to convey an eyewitness account of the violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina to members of the Council. Not being able to find a formal way to hold a meeting, Arria decided to invite Council members to meet with Fra Joko in the UN delegates lounge. This experience gave Arria the idea of institutionalising this innovative informal meeting format which came to be known as the “Arria-formula”. With the concurrence of Council members, subsequent Arria meetings moved from the delegates lounge to a UN conference room in the basement and were supported by simultaneous interpretation. More recently, many Arria meetings have been held in large UN conference rooms such as, for example, the Trusteeship Council chamber.[19]

One Arria formula meeting did gain attention; it was hosted by the Russian UN delegation[20] dealing with OPCW reporting on the Douma chemical attack in the Syrian Civil War, which was held at the UNSC on 20 January 2020.[21] Other Arria formula meetings have been held on Israeli settlements[22] and religious persecution in China and Pakistan.[23]

Positions held

Other positions have included Diplomatic Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations and Visiting Scholar at Columbia University.[6] He is a member of the Board of Directors of the Institute of the Americas[24] and of Freedom Now,[25] and of the Board of Advisors of Inter-American Dialogue.[26] He has been a Director at The Columbus Group, and is currently the Chairman of the Advisory Board at Athelera LLC as well as a Member of the Board of Advisors at VMS Associates, LLC.[27]

Opposition to Venezuelan government

In November 2011, Arria filed charges for crimes against humanity against Chávez at the International Criminal Court in The Hague.[7]

Ranch expropriation

La Carolina taken by Arria one month before the expropriation, according to him.

On 30 April 2010, Arria's ranch, "La Carolina" in Yaracuy State, was taken over by the Venezuelan government. Minister of Agriculture Elias Jaua "declared that lawyers and historians working for the National Lands Institute (INTI) ha[d] not been able to find continuity of ownership deeds in the national register and therefore the lands are "fallow" and return to the State".[28] According to government officials, the ranch was unproductive and was a case of idle lands; according to Arria, the farm had 300 cattle and 90% of it was under some form of agricultural development.[29] Becoming aware of the expropriation threat, Arria took photos of the farm and the cattle and posted them on the Internet, including the one used here. Correo del Orinoco, a state-owned newspaper, reported its claims that Arria's declarations about expropriation and looting by the Ministry of Agriculture are "subversive and tend to urge the homicide of Hugo Chávez."[30] According to Arria, the expropriation was a reaction to Arria's participation in the Oslo Freedom Forum, where he stated that Chavez will have to face International Justice one day for his "crimes" against the Venezuelan people.[31] He has since described the ranch's seizure as "pillaging and ransacking."[17]

False accusations

Diego Arria and several other opposition figures were the victims of an attempt by the Venezuelan government to accuse them of a fabricated plot. A top Venezuelan government official, Jorge Rodriguez, alleged that he had uncovered emails between the accused that proved their guilt,[32][33][34] resulting in Venezuela's attorney general Luisa Ortega Díaz subpoenaing Arria as a witness, along with María Corina Machado, Pedro Burelli, and Ricardo Koesling,[35] and a week later, on June 11, warrants were issued for their arrest.[36] However, the defendants hired Kivu, a US-based cybersecurity company, with Kivu performing an analysis of the alleged emails covered in the Venezuelan government's report, stating that there was "no evidence of the existence of any emails between Pedro Burelli's Google email accounts and the alleged recipients," that the alleged emails had "many indications of user manipulation," and that "Venezuelan officials used forged emails to accuse government adversaries of plotting to kill President Nicolas Maduro."[37][38][39][40]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Latin America political report, Volume 12, Latin American Newsletters Ltd., 1978, p89
  2. ^ a b Latin America 1974, Facts on File, p164
  3. ^ a b Howard Rae Penniman (1980), Venezuela at the polls: the National elections of 1978, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, p159
  4. ^ a b David J. Myers, Henry A. Dietz (2002), Capital city politics in Latin America: democratization and empowerment, Lynne Rienner Publishers, p113
  5. ^ el-nacional.com, Diego Arria Archived 2012-05-20 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 20 May 2012
  6. ^ a b c "The European Courier | Diego Arria". Archived from the original on 2010-02-09. Retrieved 2010-05-13.
  7. ^ a b "Diego Arria files complaint against President Chávez at The Hague". El Universal. 21 November 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
  8. ^ (in Spanish) noticias24.com, 11 February 2012, Perfil de Diego Arria: Un hombre con amplia experiencia y una propuesta radical Archived 2013-01-30 at archive.today
  9. ^ Judith Ewell (1984), Venezuela: A Century of Change, C. Hurst & Co, p178
  10. ^ "the tasks given to federal district governors between 1945 and the 1970s, and the kinds of individuals appointed to this office, suggest that a president viewed naming the federal district governor to be one of his three or four most important appointments." - Steve Ellner, David J. Myers, "Caracas: incomplete Empowerment amid Geographical Feudalism", p103, in David J. Myers, Henry A. Dietz (2002), Capital city politics in Latin America: democratization and empowerment, Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2002
  11. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2008-03-06. Retrieved 2014-01-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  12. ^ "Carr Center for Human Rights Policy". Archived from the original on 2012-08-05. Retrieved 2010-05-14.
  13. ^ "Diego Arria". Archived from the original on 2010-07-14. Retrieved 2010-05-13.
  14. ^ adolfotaylhardat.net, Adolfo Raul Taylhardat - Curriculum Vitae Archived 2011-09-03 at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^ United Nations, Presidents of the Security Council : 1990-1999 Archived October 18, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  16. ^ http://dspace.cigilibrary.org/jspui/bitstream/123456789/18545/1/The%20Arria%20Formula.pdf?1[permanent dead link]
  17. ^ a b "Interview: UN Security Council President - Diego Arria | International | the Cambridge Student". Archived from the original on 2014-06-05. Retrieved 2014-06-05.
  18. ^ "U.N. Visitors Say Srebrenica Is 'an Open Jail'". The New York Times. 1993-04-26. Retrieved 2020-02-12.
  19. ^ "Arria-Formula Meetings : UN Security Council Working Methods : Security Council Report". February 2020 Monthly Forecast. 2019-10-17. Retrieved 2020-02-12. See also UN Security Council Working Methods Handbook
  20. ^ "Arria-formula Meeting on Syria Chemical Weapons : What's In Blue". What's In Blue. 2020-01-20. Retrieved 2020-02-12.
  21. ^ Pavia, Will; York, New (2020-01-21). "Russia accused of misinformation over claim Syrian chemical attack was faked - World". The Times. Retrieved 2020-02-12.
  22. ^ Lazaroff, Tovah (2019-05-09). "Greenblatt: Biased UNSC ignores Hamas rockets, blasts Israeli settlements". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. Retrieved 2020-02-12.
  23. ^ "China, Pak targeted at UNSC for persecution of minorities". Tribuneindia News Service. 2019-08-24. Retrieved 2020-02-12.
  24. ^ Institute of the Americas, Board of Directors Archived 2012-05-20 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 20 May 2012
  25. ^ Freedom Now, Board of Advisors Archived 2012-06-15 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 20 May 2012
  26. ^ Inter-American Dialogue, Board of Advisors Archived 2012-03-18 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 20 May 2012]
  27. ^ BusinessWeek.com, Diego E. Arria, accessed 20 May 2012
  28. ^ Vheadline.com, 13 May 2010, It's final: Arria farm declared social property after failure to trace title deeds Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine
  29. ^ (in Spanish) El Universal, 2 May 2010, Prohíben a propietarios ingresar a finca La Carolina
  30. ^ (in Spanish) Correo del Orinoco, 10 May 2010, Declaraciones de Diego Arria son subversivas e instan al magnicidio
  31. ^ (in Spanish), elnuevodiario.com.do, 11 May 2010, "Ex embajador de Venezuela dice Chávez le quitó finca por venganza política" Archived 2014-07-14 at the Wayback Machine
  32. ^ "Burelli difundió correo que "utilizó el Sebin para falsificar prueba"". El Universal. 6 June 2014. Retrieved 14 June 2014.
  33. ^ "JUDICIAL: dictan orden de captura a Burelli, Arria y Koesling". Reportero 24. 11 June 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
  34. ^ "Arria niega ser autor de los correos por los que se le acusa de conspirar". El Universal. 28 May 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
  35. ^ de la Rosa, Alicia (4 June 2014). "Fiscalía libró órdenes de comparecencia para Burelli, Machado y Arria". El Universal. Retrieved 14 June 2014.
  36. ^ "Ordenan captura de Diego Arria y otros dos opositores venezolanos". El Nuevo Herald. 11 June 2014. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 11 June 2014.
  37. ^ "Evidence in English | Evidencia en Castellano". Scribd. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
  38. ^ "Expert Says Emails Used to Accuse Maduro Opponents of Assassination Plot Are Fake". The Wall Street Journal. 30 June 2014. Retrieved 1 July 2014.
  39. ^ "Pedro Burelli presenta pruebas forenses de la presunta falsificación de correos". CNN. 1 July 2014. Retrieved 3 July 2014.
  40. ^ "Venezuela accused of forging Maduro assassination plot evidence". Reuters. 2 July 2014. Retrieved 7 September 2014.
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