Use of the HSS and XMSS Hash-Based Signature Algorithms in Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure
draft-ietf-lamps-x509-shbs-11
| Document | Type | Active Internet-Draft (lamps WG) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Authors | Daniel Van Geest , Kaveh Bashiri , Scott Fluhrer , Stefan-Lukas Gazdag , Stavros Kousidis | ||
| Last updated | 2024-11-15 | ||
| Replaces | draft-gazdag-x509-shbs | ||
| RFC stream | Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) | ||
| Intended RFC status | Proposed Standard | ||
| Formats | |||
| Reviews |
GENART Last Call review
(of
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by Stewart Bryant
Ready w/nits
|
||
| Additional resources | Mailing list discussion | ||
| Stream | WG state | Submitted to IESG for Publication | |
| Document shepherd | Russ Housley | ||
| Shepherd write-up | Show Last changed 2024-10-08 | ||
| IESG | IESG state | IESG Evaluation | |
| Action Holder | |||
| Consensus boilerplate | Yes | ||
| Telechat date |
On agenda of 2024-12-05 IESG telechat
Has a DISCUSS. Needs 8 more YES or NO OBJECTION positions to pass. |
||
| Responsible AD | Deb Cooley | ||
| Send notices to | [email protected] | ||
| IANA | IANA review state | Version Changed - Review Needed | |
| IANA expert review state | Expert Reviews OK |
draft-ietf-lamps-x509-shbs-11
LAMPS - Limited Additional Mechanisms for PKIX and SMIME D. Van Geest
Internet-Draft CryptoNext Security
Intended status: Standards Track K. Bashiri
Expires: 19 May 2025 BSI
S. Fluhrer
Cisco Systems
S. Gazdag
genua GmbH
S. Kousidis
BSI
15 November 2024
Use of the HSS and XMSS Hash-Based Signature Algorithms in Internet
X.509 Public Key Infrastructure
draft-ietf-lamps-x509-shbs-11
Abstract
This document specifies algorithm identifiers and ASN.1 encoding
formats for the stateful hash-based signature (HBS) schemes
Hierarchical Signature System (HSS), eXtended Merkle Signature Scheme
(XMSS), and XMSS^MT, a multi-tree variant of XMSS. This
specification applies to the Internet X.509 Public Key infrastructure
(PKI) when those digital signatures are used in Internet X.509
certificates and certificate revocation lists.
About This Document
This note is to be removed before publishing as an RFC.
Status information for this document may be found at
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-lamps-x509-shbs/.
Discussion of this document takes place on the LAMPS Working Group
mailing list (mailto:[email protected]), which is archived at
https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/browse/spasm/. Subscribe at
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/spasm/.
Source for this draft and an issue tracker can be found at
https://github.com/x509-hbs/draft-x509-shbs.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
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This Internet-Draft will expire on 19 May 2025.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
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Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Conventions and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Use Cases of Stateful HBS Schemes in X.509 . . . . . . . . . 4
4. Algorithm Identifiers and Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.1. HSS Algorithm Identifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.2. XMSS Algorithm Identifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.3. XMSS^MT Algorithm Identifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5. Public Key Identifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5.1. HSS Public Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5.2. XMSS Public Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5.3. XMSS^MT Public Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6. Key Usage Bits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7. Signature Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
7.1. HSS Signature Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
7.2. XMSS Signature Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
7.3. XMSS^MT Signature Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
8. Key Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
9. ASN.1 Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
10. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
11. Backup and Restore Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
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12. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
13. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
13.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
13.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Appendix A. HSS X.509 v3 Certificate Example . . . . . . . . . . 17
Appendix B. XMSS X.509 v3 Certificate Example . . . . . . . . . 20
Appendix C. XMSS^MT X.509 v3 Certificate Example . . . . . . . . 26
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
1. Introduction
Stateful HBS schemes such as HSS, XMSS and XMSS^MT combine Merkle
trees with One Time Signatures (OTS) in order to provide digital
signature schemes that remain secure even when quantum computers
become available. Their theoretic security is well understood and
depends only on the security of the underlying hash function. As
such they can serve as an important building block for quantum
computer resistant information and communication technology.
A stateful HBS private key is a finite collection of OTS keys, hence
only a limited number of messages can be signed and the private key's
state must be updated and persisted after signing to prevent reuse of
OTS keys. While the right selection of algorithm parameters would
allow a private key to sign a virtually unbounded number of messages
(e.g. 2^60), this is at the cost of a larger signature size and
longer signing time. Due to the statefulness of the private key and
the limited number of signatures that can be created, stateful HBS
schemes might not be appropriate for use in interactive protocols.
However, in some use cases the deployment of stateful HBS schemes may
be appropriate. Such use cases are described and discussed in
Section 3.
2. Conventions and Definitions
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
capitals, as shown here.
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3. Use Cases of Stateful HBS Schemes in X.509
As described in the Security Considerations of Section 10, it is
imperative that stateful HBS implementations do not reuse OTS
signatures. This makes stateful HBS algorithms inappropriate for
general use cases. The exact conditions under which stateful HBS
certificates may be used is left to certificate policies [RFC3647].
However the intended use of stateful HBS schemes as described by
[SP800208] can be used as a guideline:
| 1) it is necessary to implement a digital signature scheme in the
| near future;
| 2) the implementation will have a long lifetime; and
| 3) it would not be practical to transition to a different digital
| signature scheme once the implementation has been deployed.
In addition, since a stateful HBS private key can only generate a
finite number of signatures, use cases for stateful HBS public keys
in certificates should have a predictable range of the number of
signatures that will be generated, falling safely below the maximum
number of signatures that a private key can generate.
Use cases where stateful HBS public keys in certificates may be
appropriate due to the relatively small number of signatures
generated and the signer's ability to enforce security restrictions
on the signing environment include:
* Firmware signing (Section 1.1 of [SP800208], Table IV of
[CNSA2.0], Section 6.7 of [BSI])
* Software signing (Table IV of [CNSA2.0], [ANSSI])
* Certification Authority (CA) certificates.
In each of these cases, the operator is able to control their signing
environment such that signatures are generated in hardware
cryptographic modules and audited before the signature is published,
in order to prevent OTS key reuse.
Generally speaking, stateful HBS public keys are not appropriate for
use in end-entity certificates, however in the firmware and software
signing cases signature generation will often be more tightly
controlled. Some manufactures use common and well-established key
formats like X.509 for their code signing and update mechanisms.
Also there are multi-party IoT ecosystems where publicly trusted code
signing certificates are useful.
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In general, root CAs [RFC4949] generate signatures in a more secure
environment and issue fewer certificates than subordinate CAs
[RFC4949]. This makes the use of stateful HBS public keys more
appropriate in root CA certificates than in subordinate CA
certificates. However, if a subordinate CA can match the security
and signature count restrictions of a root CA, for example if the
subordinate CA only issues code-signing certificates, then using a
stateful HBS public key in the subordinate CA certificate may be
possible.
4. Algorithm Identifiers and Parameters
In this document, we define new OIDs for identifying the different
stateful hash-based signature algorithms. An additional OID is
defined in [I-D.ietf-lamps-rfc8708bis] and repeated here for
convenience.
The AlgorithmIdentifier type is defined in [RFC5912] as follows:
AlgorithmIdentifier{ALGORITHM-TYPE, ALGORITHM-TYPE:AlgorithmSet} ::=
SEQUENCE {
algorithm ALGORITHM-TYPE.&id({AlgorithmSet}),
parameters ALGORITHM-TYPE.
&Params({AlgorithmSet}{@algorithm}) OPTIONAL
}
| NOTE: The above syntax is from [RFC5912] and is compatible with
| the 2021 ASN.1 syntax [X680]. See [RFC5280] for the 1988 ASN.1
| syntax.
The fields in AlgorithmIdentifier have the following meanings:
* algorithm identifies the cryptographic algorithm with an object
identifier.
* parameters, which are optional, are the associated parameters for
the algorithm identifier in the algorithm field.
The parameters field of the AlgorithmIdentifier for HSS, XMSS, and
XMSS^MT public keys MUST be absent.
4.1. HSS Algorithm Identifier
The object identifier and public key algorithm identifier for HSS is
defined in [I-D.ietf-lamps-rfc8708bis]. The definitions are repeated
here for reference.
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The AlgorithmIdentifier for an HSS public key MUST use the id-alg-
hss-lms-hashsig object identifier.
id-alg-hss-lms-hashsig OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
iso(1) member-body(2) us(840) rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1) pkcs9(9)
smime(16) alg(3) 17 }
Note that the id-alg-hss-lms-hashsig algorithm identifier is also
referred to as id-alg-mts-hashsig. This synonym is based on the
terminology used in an early draft of the document that became
[RFC8554].
The public key and signature values identify the hash function and
the height used in the HSS/LMS tree. [RFC8554] and [SP800208] define
these values, but an IANA registry [IANA-LMS] permits the
registration of additional identifiers in the future.
4.2. XMSS Algorithm Identifier
The AlgorithmIdentifier for an XMSS public key MUST use the id-alg-
xmss-hashsig object identifier.
id-alg-xmss-hashsig OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1)
security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7) algorithms(6) 34 }
The public key and signature values identify the hash function and
the height used in the XMSS tree. [RFC8391] and [SP800208] define
these values, but an IANA registry [IANA-XMSS] permits the
registration of additional identifiers in the future.
4.3. XMSS^MT Algorithm Identifier
The AlgorithmIdentifier for an XMSS^MT public key MUST use the id-
alg-xmssmt-hashsig object identifier.
id-alg-xmssmt-hashsig OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1)
security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7) algorithms(6) 35 }
The public key and signature values identify the hash function and
the height used in the XMSS^MT tree. [RFC8391] and [SP800208] define
these values, but an IANA registry [IANA-XMSS] permits the
registration of additional identifiers in the future.
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5. Public Key Identifiers
Certificates conforming to [RFC5280] can convey a public key for any
public key algorithm. The certificate indicates the algorithm
through an algorithm identifier. An algorithm identifier consists of
an OID and optional parameters.
[RFC8554] defines the encoding of HSS public keys and [RFC8391]
defines the encodings of XMSS and XMSS^MT public keys. When used in
a SubjectPublicKeyInfo type, the subjectPublicKey BIT STRING contains
these encodings of the public key.
This document defines ASN.1 [X680] OCTET STRING types for encoding
the public keys when not used in a SubjectPublicKeyInfo. The OCTET
STRING is mapped to a subjectPublicKey (a value of type BIT STRING)
as follows: the most significant bit of the OCTET STRING value
becomes the most significant bit of the BIT STRING value, and so on;
the least significant bit of the OCTET STRING becomes the least
significant bit of the BIT STRING.
5.1. HSS Public Keys
The HSS public key identifier is as follows:
pk-HSS-LMS-HashSig PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-alg-hss-lms-hashsig
-- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
PARAMS ARE absent
CERT-KEY-USAGE
{ digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyCertSign, cRLSign } }
The HSS public key is defined as follows:
HSS-LMS-HashSig-PublicKey ::= OCTET STRING
[RFC8554] defines the encoding of an HSS public key using the
hss_public_key structure. See [SP800208] and [RFC8554] for more
information on the contents and format of an HSS public key. Note
that the single-tree signature scheme LMS is instantiated as HSS with
number of levels being equal to 1.
5.2. XMSS Public Keys
The XMSS public key identifier is as follows:
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pk-XMSS-HashSig PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-alg-xmss-hashsig
-- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
PARAMS ARE absent
CERT-KEY-USAGE
{ digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyCertSign, cRLSign } }
The XMSS public key is defined as follows:
XMSS-HashSig-PublicKey ::= OCTET STRING
[RFC8391] defines the encoding of an XMSS public key using the
xmss_public_key structure. See [SP800208] and [RFC8391] for more
information on the contents and format of an XMSS public key.
5.3. XMSS^MT Public Keys
The XMSS^MT public key identifier is as follows:
pk-XMSSMT-HashSig PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-alg-xmssmt-hashsig
-- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
PARAMS ARE absent
CERT-KEY-USAGE
{ digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyCertSign, cRLSign } }
The XMSS^MT public key is defined as follows:
XMSSMT-HashSig-PublicKey ::= OCTET STRING
[RFC8391] defines the encoding of an XMSS^MT public key using the
xmssmt_public_key structure. See [SP800208] and [RFC8391] for more
information on the contents and format of an XMSS^MT public key.
6. Key Usage Bits
The intended application for the key is indicated in the keyUsage
certificate extension [RFC5280]. When id-alg-hss-lms-hashsig, id-
alg-xmss-hashsig or id-alg-xmssmt-hashsig appears in the
SubjectPublicKeyInfo field of a CA X.509 certificate [RFC5280], the
certificate key usage extension MUST contain at least one of the
following values: digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyCertSign, or
cRLSign. However, it MUST NOT contain other values.
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When id-alg-hss-lms-hashsig, id-alg-xmss-hashsig or id-alg-xmssmt-
hashsig appears in the SubjectPublicKeyInfo field of an end entity
X.509 certificate [RFC5280], the certificate key usage extension MUST
contain at least one of the following values: digitalSignature,
nonRepudiation or cRLSign. However, it MUST NOT contain other
values.
7. Signature Algorithms
The same OIDs used to identify HSS, XMSS, and XMSS^MT public keys are
also used to identify their respective signatures. When these
algorithm identifiers appear in the algorithm field of an
AlgorithmIdentifier, the encoding MUST omit the parameters field.
That is, the AlgorithmIdentifier SHALL be a SEQUENCE of one
component, one of the OIDs defined in the following subsections.
When the signature algorithm identifiers described in this document
are used to create a signature on a message, no digest algorithm is
applied to the message before signing. That is, the full data to be
signed is signed rather than a digest of the data.
The format of an HSS signature is described in Section 6.2 of
[RFC8554]. The format of an XMSS signature is described in
Appendix B.2 of [RFC8391] and the format of an XMSS^MT signature is
described in Appendix C.2 of [RFC8391]. The octet string
representing the signature is encoded directly in a BIT STRING
without adding any additional ASN.1 wrapping. For the Certificate
and CertificateList structures, the octet string is encoded in the
"signatureValue" BIT STRING field.
7.1. HSS Signature Algorithm
The id-alg-hss-lms-hashsig OID is used to specify that an HSS
signature was generated on the full message, i.e. the message was not
hashed before being processed by the HSS signature algorithm.
See [SP800208] and [RFC8554] for more information on the contents and
format of an HSS signature.
7.2. XMSS Signature Algorithm
The id-alg-xmss-hashsig OID is used to specify that an XMSS signature
was generated on the full message, i.e. the message was not hashed
before being processed by the XMSS signature algorithm.
See [SP800208] and [RFC8391] for more information on the contents and
format of an XMSS signature.
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The signature generation MUST be performed according to 7.2 of
[SP800208].
7.3. XMSS^MT Signature Algorithm
The id-alg-xmssmt-hashsig OID is used to specify that an XMSS^MT
signature was generated on the full message, i.e. the message was not
hashed before being processed by the XMSS^MT signature algorithm.
See [SP800208] and [RFC8391] for more information on the contents and
format of an XMSS^MT signature.
The signature generation MUST be performed according to 7.2 of
[SP800208].
8. Key Generation
The key generation for XMSS and XMSS^MT MUST be performed according
to 7.2 of [SP800208]
9. ASN.1 Module
For reference purposes, the ASN.1 syntax is presented as an ASN.1
module here [X680]. Note that as per [RFC5280], certificates use the
Distinguished Encoding Rules; see [X690]. This ASN.1 Module builds
upon the conventions established in [RFC5911]. This module imports
objects from [RFC5911] and [I-D.ietf-lamps-rfc8708bis].
RFC EDITOR: Please replace [I-D.ietf-lamps-rfc8708bis] in the module
with a reference to the published RFC.
X509-SHBS-2024
{ iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1) security(5)
mechanisms(5) pkix(7) id-mod(0) id-mod-pkix1-shbs-2024(TBD) }
DEFINITIONS IMPLICIT TAGS ::= BEGIN
EXPORTS ALL;
IMPORTS
PUBLIC-KEY, SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM
FROM AlgorithmInformation-2009 -- [RFC5911]
{ iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1)
security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7) id-mod(0)
id-mod-algorithmInformation-02(58) }
sa-HSS-LMS-HashSig, pk-HSS-LMS-HashSig
FROM MTS-HashSig-2013 -- [I-D.ietf-lamps-rfc8708bis]
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{ iso(1) member-body(2) us(840) rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1) pkcs9(9)
id-smime(16) id-mod(0) id-mod-mts-hashsig-2013(64) };
--
-- Object Identifiers
--
-- id-alg-hss-lms-hashsig is defined in [I-D.ietf-lamps-rfc8708bis]
id-alg-xmss-hashsig OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1) security(5)
mechanisms(5) pkix(7) algorithms(6) 34 }
id-alg-xmssmt-hashsig OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1) security(5)
mechanisms(5) pkix(7) algorithms(6) 35 }
--
-- Signature Algorithms and Public Keys
--
-- sa-HSS-LMS-HashSig is defined in [I-D.ietf-lamps-rfc8708bis]
sa-XMSS-HashSig SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-alg-xmss-hashsig
PARAMS ARE absent
PUBLIC-KEYS { pk-XMSS-HashSig }
SMIME-CAPS { IDENTIFIED BY id-alg-xmss-hashsig } }
sa-XMSSMT-HashSig SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-alg-xmssmt-hashsig
PARAMS ARE absent
PUBLIC-KEYS { pk-XMSSMT-HashSig }
SMIME-CAPS { IDENTIFIED BY id-alg-xmssmt-hashsig } }
-- pk-HSS-LMS-HashSig is defined in [I-D.ietf-lamps-rfc8708bis]
pk-XMSS-HashSig PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-alg-xmss-hashsig
-- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
PARAMS ARE absent
CERT-KEY-USAGE
{ digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyCertSign, cRLSign } }
XMSS-HashSig-PublicKey ::= OCTET STRING
pk-XMSSMT-HashSig PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-alg-xmssmt-hashsig
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-- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
PARAMS ARE absent
CERT-KEY-USAGE
{ digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyCertSign, cRLSign } }
XMSSMT-HashSig-PublicKey ::= OCTET STRING
--
-- Public Key (pk-) Algorithms
--
PublicKeys PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
-- This expands PublicKeys from RFC 5912
pk-HSS-LMS-HashSig |
pk-XMSS-HashSig |
pk-XMSSMT-HashSig,
...
}
--
-- Signature Algorithms (sa-)
--
SignatureAlgs SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM ::= {
-- This expands SignatureAlgorithms from RFC 5912
sa-HSS-LMS-HashSig |
sa-XMSS-HashSig |
sa-XMSSMT-HashSig,
...
}
END
10. Security Considerations
The security requirements of [SP800208] MUST be taken into account.
As stateful HBS private keys can only generate a limited number of
signatures, a user needs to be aware of the total number of
signatures they intend to generate in their use case, otherwise they
risk exhausting the number of OTS keys in their private key.
For stateful HBS schemes, it is crucial to stress the importance of
correct state management. If an attacker were able to obtain
signatures for two different messages created using the same OTS key,
then it would become computationally feasible for that attacker to
create forgeries [BH16]. As noted in [MCGREW] and [ETSI-TR-103-692],
extreme care needs to be taken in order to avoid the risk that an OTS
key will be reused accidentally. This is a new requirement that most
developers will not be familiar with and requires careful handling.
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Various strategies for a correct state management can be applied:
* Implement a record of all signatures generated by a key pair
associated with a stateful HBS instance, for example by logging
the OTS key indexes as signatures are generated. This record may
be stored outside the device which is used to generate the
signature. Check the record to prevent OTS key reuse before a new
signature is released. If OTS key reuse is detected, freeze all
new signature generation by the private key, re-audit previously
released signatures (possibly revoking the private key if
previously released signatures showed OTS key reuse), and perform
a post-failure audit.
* Use a stateful HBS instance only for a moderate number of
signatures such that it is always practical to keep a consistent
record and be able to unambiguously trace back all generated
signatures.
* Apply the state reservation strategy described in Section 5 of
[MCGREW], where upcoming states are reserved in advance by the
signer. In this way the number of state synchronisations between
nonvolatile and volatile memory is reduced.
11. Backup and Restore Management
Certificate Authorities have high demands in order to ensure the
availability of signature generation throughout the validity period
of signing key pairs.
Usual backup and restore strategies when using a stateless signature
scheme (e.g. SLH-DSA) are to duplicate private keying material and
to operate redundant signing devices or to store and safeguard a copy
of the private keying material such that it can be used to set up a
new signing device in case of technical difficulties.
For stateful HBS schemes, such straightforward backup and restore
strategies will lead to OTS reuse with high probability as a correct
state management is not guaranteed. Strategies for maintaining
availability and keeping a correct state are described in Section 7
of [SP800208].
12. IANA Considerations
One object identifier for the ASN.1 module in Section 9 is requested
for the SMI Security for PKIX Module Identifiers (1.3.6.1.5.5.7.0)
registry:
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+=========+========================+====================+
| Decimal | Description | References |
+=========+========================+====================+
| TBD | id-mod-pkix1-shbs-2024 | [EDNOTE: THIS RFC] |
+---------+------------------------+--------------------+
Table 1
IANA has updated the "SMI Security for PKIX Algorithms"
(1.3.6.1.5.5.7.6) registry [SMI-PKIX] with two additional entries:
+=========+=======================+====================+
| Decimal | Description | References |
+=========+=======================+====================+
| 34 | id-alg-xmss-hashsig | [EDNOTE: THIS RFC] |
+---------+-----------------------+--------------------+
| 35 | id-alg-xmssmt-hashsig | [EDNOTE: THIS RFC] |
+---------+-----------------------+--------------------+
Table 2
13. References
13.1. Normative References
[I-D.ietf-lamps-rfc8708bis]
Housley, R., "Use of the HSS/LMS Hash-Based Signature
Algorithm in the Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)", Work
in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-lamps-rfc8708bis-
03, 19 September 2024,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-lamps-
rfc8708bis-03>.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2119>.
[RFC5280] Cooper, D., Santesson, S., Farrell, S., Boeyen, S.,
Housley, R., and W. Polk, "Internet X.509 Public Key
Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List
(CRL) Profile", RFC 5280, DOI 10.17487/RFC5280, May 2008,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5280>.
[RFC5911] Hoffman, P. and J. Schaad, "New ASN.1 Modules for
Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) and S/MIME", RFC 5911,
DOI 10.17487/RFC5911, June 2010,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5911>.
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[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8174>.
[RFC8391] Huelsing, A., Butin, D., Gazdag, S., Rijneveld, J., and A.
Mohaisen, "XMSS: eXtended Merkle Signature Scheme",
RFC 8391, DOI 10.17487/RFC8391, May 2018,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8391>.
[RFC8554] McGrew, D., Curcio, M., and S. Fluhrer, "Leighton-Micali
Hash-Based Signatures", RFC 8554, DOI 10.17487/RFC8554,
April 2019, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8554>.
[SP800208] National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST),
"Recommendation for Stateful Hash-Based Signature
Schemes", 29 October 2020,
<https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-208>.
[X680] ITU-T, "Information technology - Abstract Syntax Notation
One (ASN.1): Specification of basic notation", ITU-T
Recommendation X.680, ISO/IEC 8824-1:2021, February 2021,
<https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-X.680>.
[X690] ITU-T, "Information technology - Abstract Syntax Notation
One (ASN.1): ASN.1 encoding rules: Specification of Basic
Encoding Rules (BER), Canonical Encoding Rules (CER) and
Distinguished Encoding Rules (DER)", ITU-T
Recommendation X.690, ISO/IEC 8825-1:2021, February 2021,
<https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-X.690>.
13.2. Informative References
[ANSSI] Agence nationale de la sécurité des systèmes d'information
(ANSSI), "ANSSI views on the Post-Quantum Cryptography
transition (2023 follow up)", 21 December 2023,
<https://cyber.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/document/follow
_up_position_paper_on_post_quantum_cryptography.pdf>.
[BH16] Bruinderink, L. and S. Hülsing, "Oops, I did it again –
Security of One-Time Signatures under Two-Message
Attacks.", 2016, <https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/1042.pdf>.
[BSI] Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik (BSI),
"Quantum-safe cryptography – fundamentals, current
developments and recommendations", 18 May 2022,
<https://www.bsi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/EN/BSI/
Publications/Brochure/quantum-safe-cryptography.pdf>.
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[CNSA2.0] National Security Agency (NSA), "Commercial National
Security Algorithm Suite 2.0 (CNSA 2.0) Cybersecurity
Advisory (CSA)", 7 September 2022,
<https://media.defense.gov/2022/Sep/07/2003071834/-1/-1/0/
CSA_CNSA_2.0_ALGORITHMS_.PDF>.
[ETSI-TR-103-692]
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI),
"State management for stateful authentication mechanisms",
November 2021, <https://www.etsi.org/deliver/
etsi_tr/103600_103699/103692/01.01.01_60/
tr_103692v010101p.pdf>.
[IANA-LMS] IANA, "Leighton-Micali Signatures (LMS)", n.d.,
<https://www.iana.org/assignments/leighton-micali-
signatures/>.
[IANA-XMSS]
IANA, "XMSS: Extended Hash-Based Signatures", n.d.,
<https://iana.org/assignments/xmss-extended-hash-based-
signatures/>.
[MCGREW] McGrew, D., Kampanakis, P., Fluhrer, S., Gazdag, S.,
Butin, D., and J. Buchmann, "State Management for Hash-
Based Signatures", 2 November 2016,
<https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/357>.
[RFC3279] Bassham, L., Polk, W., and R. Housley, "Algorithms and
Identifiers for the Internet X.509 Public Key
Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List
(CRL) Profile", RFC 3279, DOI 10.17487/RFC3279, April
2002, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3279>.
[RFC3647] Chokhani, S., Ford, W., Sabett, R., Merrill, C., and S.
Wu, "Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate
Policy and Certification Practices Framework", RFC 3647,
DOI 10.17487/RFC3647, November 2003,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3647>.
[RFC4949] Shirey, R., "Internet Security Glossary, Version 2",
FYI 36, RFC 4949, DOI 10.17487/RFC4949, August 2007,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4949>.
[RFC5912] Hoffman, P. and J. Schaad, "New ASN.1 Modules for the
Public Key Infrastructure Using X.509 (PKIX)", RFC 5912,
DOI 10.17487/RFC5912, June 2010,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5912>.
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[RFC8410] Josefsson, S. and J. Schaad, "Algorithm Identifiers for
Ed25519, Ed448, X25519, and X448 for Use in the Internet
X.509 Public Key Infrastructure", RFC 8410,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8410, August 2018,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8410>.
[RFC8411] Schaad, J. and R. Andrews, "IANA Registration for the
Cryptographic Algorithm Object Identifier Range",
RFC 8411, DOI 10.17487/RFC8411, August 2018,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8411>.
[SMI-PKIX] IANA, "SMI Security for PKIX Algorithms", n.d.,
<https://www.iana.org/assignments/smi-numbers/smi-
numbers.xhtml#smi-numbers-1.3.6.1.5.5.7.6>.
Appendix A. HSS X.509 v3 Certificate Example
This section shows a self-signed X.509 v3 certificate using HSS.
Certificate:
Data:
Version: 3 (0x2)
Serial Number:
e8:91:d6:06:91:4f:ce:f3
Signature Algorithm: hss
Issuer: C = US, ST = VA, L = Herndon, O = Bogus CA
Validity
Not Before: May 14 08:58:11 2024 GMT
Not After : May 14 08:58:11 2034 GMT
Subject: C = US, ST = VA, L = Herndon, O = Bogus CA
Subject Public Key Info:
Public Key Algorithm: hss
hss public key:
PQ key material:
00:00:00:01:00:00:00:05:00:00:00:04:c0:96:12:
8b:ea:38:30:78:eb:f6:fb:43:d7:7f:9f:9e:81:39:
e2:7c:b9:34:4e:6e:53:19:f0:ee:68:75:85:83:d3:
2b:e9:7b:14:46:9e:4e:c5:e3:5a:18:0b:30:e5:13
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
58:15:AB:F4:CF:03:69:02:60:7A:57:4D:C5:D5:B3:72:
8A:19:21:68
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
58:15:AB:F4:CF:03:69:02:60:7A:57:4D:C5:D5:B3:72:
8A:19:21:68
X509v3 Basic Constraints: critical
CA:TRUE
X509v3 Key Usage: critical
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Certificate Sign, CRL Sign
Signature Algorithm: hss
Signature Value:
00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:04:9c:37:52:ff:b9:d7:
df:f5:5b:01:ba:50:c2:50:cc:6f:f3:b1:73:df:0c:2a:ea:b3:
ed:96:1e:ce:e7:58:05:da:8d:a7:77:21:42:32:d9:f9:4a:4d:
f7:2b:18:2a:1c:5c:69:03:f3:1c:9c:95:6d:31:9a:c9:ca:84:
4d:ae:b3:8b:c3:71:ac:3f:87:51:be:38:b4:bf:d9:dc:90:1f:
1e:54:bd:f9:1a:65:70:d4:46:b6:ad:4d:6d:16:b9:fb:29:f4:
e3:86:42:4a:3f:a4:8f:01:84:9b:44:0b:23:22:9c:97:6d:d5:
b9:26:39:11:ab:46:82:bd:10:6c:b4:7a:64:ed:c7:40:b0:33:
f0:b5:81:1c:b4:41:54:9c:30:d9:d2:93:ba:48:8c:4f:d0:25:
41:60:7b:90:5e:12:20:b7:30:16:16:1e:b7:ee:d8:4b:ee:ed:
3c:70:fc:ff:36:18:aa:24:23:87:91:65:a8:95:2d:b6:1c:d1:
02:7b:70:81:8a:18:17:c0:45:62:fe:47:a1:3e:69:54:31:67:
58:9a:e1:e3:c9:8d:ee:1e:2a:d1:46:75:e9:e4:90:67:01:57:
92:54:db:b4:ea:de:8b:e7:eb:fc:27:80:9b:d5:da:e0:8e:b0:
b3:08:ca:6f:a1:1c:f4:40:65:b0:f6:f8:c9:a7:97:04:c8:7c:
9e:56:ec:2f:4b:cd:45:8b:d7:e6:a7:50:c7:e6:21:2c:17:31:
23:11:7a:ae:9a:b5:84:5f:e6:5c:82:99:a8:3a:a9:91:87:9a:
24:5c:83:01:91:7c:fc:cd:be:2e:92:50:fb:12:11:96:08:0d:
c9:24:0d:bb:6f:fb:59:05:af:7f:96:bc:a3:f4:58:e2:fa:0a:
4a:f2:4c:f7:b3:1b:81:dd:4a:41:a0:b1:dd:52:4c:bb:6d:c0:
a8:d9:bb:29:c8:fc:e3:7e:f8:6a:e5:5e:c4:e4:e8:7c:0b:00:
87:15:75:a2:06:50:97:c6:1f:14:52:79:04:a8:9c:ec:b1:c7:
6a:46:33:98:b8:63:f7:a7:2c:d4:62:78:94:1c:5d:9d:4f:a6:
0a:ae:39:50:85:b2:09:8d:62:c9:4c:11:9f:0c:91:a5:ac:2d:
11:bd:71:b6:0c:ea:34:98:53:fc:2e:cc:7b:a4:9c:2e:7a:a4:
8d:e2:e8:8c:01:a9:9c:3e:b5:34:77:33:82:01:d4:ef:72:04:
d6:5b:e5:f6:2c:1b:ae:86:c4:73:02:44:85:d6:f7:ac:a3:e8:
f6:a9:b5:5c:6d:46:88:da:55:b8:2b:7a:4c:0c:9a:e7:cd:5d:
62:8a:ca:c8:96:ce:8d:71:7b:d2:c1:0d:9a:35:55:2b:84:3e:
0e:a5:fa:d6:a0:76:8e:23:b3:df:c9:3b:4f:68:56:1e:e9:3c:
79:5b:d3:25:54:11:ad:a6:ac:58:11:49:8f:4d:c4:c1:39:99:
76:3a:a6:d1:2f:57:ad:bf:7c:9d:57:cc:37:0d:29:84:29:7b:
cb:46:85:c3:81:c5:33:9a:65:c3:2f:01:48:ca:44:6c:f1:84:
3d:d0:49:c2:c1:05:db:77:4c:b9:72:3d:6f:ce:69:f2:91:c6:
15:25:8f:da:38:7e:ef:5b:3e:5f:35:ab:a6:78:16:28:42:c1:
2c:2f:9e:11:53:2c:bd:c4:24:7b:e9:c4:ce:3d:d6:41:c7:5d:
92:91:c3:37:cb:72:44:d7:0d:70:85:13:0b:ac:b3:0f:b0:e5:
e3:2e:48:b9:9c:b8:d7:3e:7c:50:69:03:7a:5f:ae:f8:6c:09:
61:97:6b:ce:cd:e5:f0:55:fe:05:f8:97:1d:9e:81:65:f5:ff:
9a:7a:8c:96:d8:f8:cf:d8:dc:55:ce:67:7a:00:6b:fd:bb:3f:
1b:3d:65:94:c1:5a:b6:a0:8e:be:a4:be:26:90:5f:1f:06:d4:
ea:3f:a6:97:40:8e:bf:18:5c:92:0f:15:e3:05:4a:14:51:1e:
23:81:ef:cf:f7:a8:88:75:f8:2d:28:37:26:87:27:63:5c:01:
53:0e:5e:53:d2:a7:18:eb:2f:c0:82:49:05:b0:4d:33:6f:94:
10:91:77:f8:90:9e:ca:fe:bb:3d:c4:42:d6:89:84:98:42:f4:
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24:b3:b4:db:5e:2b:66:a9:ff:6c:18:d4:79:f8:72:73:53:9b:
02:ed:04:73:77:a4:68:cf:4b:be:4b:16:50:62:87:f9:49:99:
e3:a1:0c:42:92:bc:a9:e3:2d:22:82:35:7f:71:15:88:70:6a:
01:ab:44:64:ad:e5:52:d4:97:ee:bb:44:7b:6e:08:7f:dd:94:
fd:c9:1c:6b:59:d1:92:51:29:03:ce:ec:bf:41:a5:14:69:54:
3a:b4:39:d9:44:5d:f1:b2:f4:5c:6b:9f:c9:5f:bb:fc:c8:c7:
a3:8b:e1:ec:e2:d0:69:5a:40:1c:9c:9d:8a:3d:77:3b:c1:5d:
c0:72:61:4b:37:c5:96:8c:6d:8b:f8:56:da:ac:3e:3c:72:09:
ce:f6:c3:fe:5d:cf:37:d9:68:cd:a7:dd:f7:96:63:da:8c:1d:
df:b8:32:cf:eb:97:11:83:fe:6b:aa:b9:e2:4b:b2:ea:62:73:
c3:1c:e9:40:90:56:4f:12:c3:ba:f4:2b:d9:1c:50:cc:e0:51:
d8:eb:bf:67:28:0c:2d:13:8d:b3:6f:13:6a:1d:a7:54:20:ba:
82:5b:b8:e5:1f:89:f1:67:26:c1:dc:1b:60:57:ed:a6:2c:f2:
17:01:7f:a5:e7:5c:64:c9:3c:08:f2:cf:48:ec:88:84:ef:03:
c2:f5:eb:05:31:7d:fe:7f:3c:71:41:28:17:64:5f:b9:ec:54:
79:d0:b3:98:fb:84:9c:36:8b:43:0b:d4:c9:ec:09:4a:70:13:
62:f2:36:c8:b4:75:cc:2a:77:08:a0:9d:ef:19:d6:88:dc:e2:
b2:4e:40:61:71:cb:c7:c3:de:16:6f:49:7f:5e:d5:17:00:00:
00:05:79:47:12:9f:ce:eb:1d:a8:fd:0d:b0:18:44:6a:ef:54:
28:46:e4:19:f6:2d:3e:74:bb:9d:36:0a:ae:67:4a:28:7a:1b:
80:39:a0:08:2a:28:a0:ec:55:ee:55:aa:a1:cc:94:d4:36:1a:
b3:57:25:30:ad:2c:5e:63:ba:22:fc:aa:7a:59:64:f6:d8:03:
20:28:71:f9:dc:09:fa:4c:81:b9:64:1b:ad:ea:cb:db:18:17:
5d:d8:98:bd:d2:8d:c5:04:7c:5b:92:9a:89:f6:bc:d6:55:c7:
08:5d:3c:58:8e:18:ac:6f:88:a8:d7:9e:d4:ee:5d:f5:21:4e:
a5:8b:19:5f:e3:f4:66:f9:25:4d:f9:c6:60:62:31:72:5c:34:
34:67:1a:a7:6a:7d:54:a3:d8:9b:1f:5b:f8:08:41:79:5b:43
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-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
Appendix B. XMSS X.509 v3 Certificate Example
This section shows a self-signed X.509 v3 certificate using XMSS.
Van Geest, et al. Expires 19 May 2025 [Page 20]
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Certificate:
Data:
Version: 3 (0x2)
Serial Number:
54:7e:64:70:29:9e:03:c5:7a:a5:5c:78:d1:27:87:8c:
54:35:17:5d
Signature Algorithm: xmss
Issuer: C = FR, L = Paris, O = Bogus XMSS CA
Validity
Not Before: Jul 10 08:27:24 2024 GMT
Not After : Jul 8 08:27:24 2034 GMT
Subject: C = FR, L = Paris, O = Bogus XMSS CA
Subject Public Key Info:
Public Key Algorithm: xmss
xmss public key:
PQ key material:
00:00:00:01:2b:eb:bf:66:14:de:6f:96:5b:4d:2a:
50:00:7b:ad:5c:22:b0:13:79:72:02:14:a9:5f:fc:
96:e0:9b:78:8e:d6:be:8c:1c:70:3c:d8:dd:78:b2:
1a:14:47:be:1f:0d:74:72:3f:36:76:c2:cb:19:ad:
29:90:0b:82:de:9b:7f:df
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
62:CE:35:A5:47:77:FF:21:87:2E:BC:2D:27:E7:8E:F4:
35:6B:CF:D8
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
62:CE:35:A5:47:77:FF:21:87:2E:BC:2D:27:E7:8E:F4:
35:6B:CF:D8
X509v3 Basic Constraints: critical
CA:TRUE
X509v3 Key Usage: critical
Certificate Sign, CRL Sign
Signature Algorithm: xmss
Signature Value:
00:00:00:00:e5:88:a8:b8:73:ad:4d:92:f8:5c:81:c5:8a:63:
57:6a:a7:3b:54:aa:b6:06:8a:d9:f1:c2:0b:c8:27:1e:4b:a2:
cf:e2:da:44:ea:e8:f2:40:a8:b9:54:9c:49:36:12:24:df:74:
ad:e5:29:ef:4f:da:88:0d:21:5d:3b:64:63:27:d0:84:b5:95:
7a:30:18:37:cd:34:17:dd:ac:9d:9e:48:db:74:07:79:84:21:
5a:f0:26:cd:21:64:7b:77:33:48:58:67:9b:2c:b2:85:6d:cc:
ec:31:4b:2f:51:55:3a:85:e1:ca:04:15:ce:6e:47:39:f5:e9:
31:45:41:ed:71:c6:4f:96:f5:ae:64:6a:bd:72:d0:8c:17:02:
99:10:1d:14:34:ca:e5:47:e3:f7:66:96:96:11:d5:97:76:76:
83:f1:84:a5:b6:00:5e:3e:67:97:7a:32:dc:c8:eb:4c:29:46:
77:99:d6:da:45:e6:7b:8c:45:6d:b5:29:6b:fd:98:a2:89:8d:
0c:30:42:f5:0b:7c:97:c5:b1:1d:e2:da:67:a9:48:a4:9e:29:
f4:60:3f:4d:1d:48:83:82:38:ef:fa:cb:1d:86:11:a1:15:94:
fb:d5:ee:68:f9:44:b9:3d:54:70:f3:be:17:8d:d7:2e:85:2d:
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33:28:35:e2:02:59:5f:1f:ed:78:0a:c6:62:f0:7d:fe:73:96:
03:4c:b4:42:e3:00:c2:d7:cb:eb:51:10:c4:0c:64:b8:37:fe:
85:d0:8e:11:6d:a6:16:77:b1:1e:01:d9:1e:f3:10:9c:dd:01:
bc:38:75:5e:8f:58:9e:5b:6c:7b:0a:41:08:59:35:a9:3a:83:
19:e0:7d:a1:f5:cf:a3:1c:4e:07:e1:ad:03:95:f2:d3:8b:79:
33:f8:52:22:53:1b:1e:32:9a:61:3f:c4:7c:9a:e8:d5:b5:28:
f1:84:65:d5:c1:fc:4d:16:93:88:93:69:ca:fa:94:a0:95:4e:
23:ae:1e:60:e0:e8:b4:bf:ff:16:95:71:0f:31:74:bb:be:b8:
5a:eb:24:95:8b:95:28:13:cd:e3:a9:65:f7:f5:6e:9b:a9:a9:
7a:05:ce:ab:f0:54:62:d9:12:f8:a1:1a:68:df:af:15:8f:8a:
df:67:27:c9:ed:bd:e1:81:a6:8d:9a:84:f3:91:36:d9:89:74:
8e:ef:84:dc:5c:03:1a:08:e4:d7:f0:72:fc:6d:8a:01:34:94:
e5:ff:08:51:1b:80:5f:e7:07:d8:9f:25:e4:1d:c3:f8:e5:d0:
9c:50:cf:66:71:f9:cc:f7:c0:a7:d0:66:01:b7:17:a0:5f:66:
97:a4:ff:62:ac:1c:a0:63:0d:30:28:e9:90:d5:59:a4:48:d8:
07:87:02:4b:3f:68:23:a5:04:dc:b3:d7:45:f6:dc:b0:ec:c6:
90:a6:1c:a1:f8:7e:84:ba:63:7e:5a:64:14:78:58:f5:75:c0:
f5:e1:1d:bd:49:57:c0:40:08:07:99:7f:43:2e:e2:25:d8:ed:
a3:1a:e3:78:f1:78:af:02:49:54:36:59:8e:d3:72:a5:0b:52:
32:bd:17:a2:cf:e1:47:21:28:3d:ba:b6:24:d9:18:f9:44:73:
35:ed:29:a4:18:bc:ed:68:cd:4a:9a:34:cb:1a:2f:b3:5f:ba:
73:9b:18:ee:7a:a8:92:25:65:25:81:04:63:1c:22:2b:b8:ba:
81:21:bc:f9:9d:a8:78:98:75:bc:ed:4a:c6:b7:6f:c0:91:24:
eb:1d:f9:5d:e0:e3:78:4e:05:f6:34:0f:7b:41:54:49:20:a2:
30:66:94:f1:da:c1:6c:3f:5e:10:92:92:a3:0c:7e:e8:8b:26:
11:1c:d7:68:c9:31:79:b3:a4:d5:63:00:68:c3:e3:86:2d:09:
92:4b:2d:63:7d:b8:03:a4:4c:60:b4:2c:12:d5:0b:9f:16:28:
ea:88:2f:bb:1c:19:0b:0f:40:3d:67:e8:0b:fa:c6:e3:39:44:
b2:bd:8a:3f:21:dd:aa:ec:a3:8c:48:dd:4c:99:43:86:d7:48:
81:6b:e5:b9:bb:59:9f:1c:0f:3f:11:f7:7c:4b:67:a8:95:c2:
7c:cb:3b:66:b0:79:a6:55:6f:6d:b0:29:8a:5e:7b:ee:30:68:
f3:dd:41:29:91:f6:79:71:ae:8d:21:70:78:1d:5d:d2:f7:cf:
e7:42:38:d1:8c:52:a6:a6:f6:b1:38:b1:2b:23:81:e1:1f:21:
6d:99:3f:10:eb:b1:a9:73:b8:3e:31:99:cc:dd:2b:df:58:27:
db:0b:5a:29:99:8f:b1:9f:e9:31:42:d0:26:db:53:b7:7e:30:
41:95:c3:f0:07:83:bb:b0:63:b5:16:48:f2:a6:60:2f:32:5d:
22:a1:da:76:4e:37:26:53:0d:95:7b:2d:b9:05:2f:93:2b:d4:
df:c1:02:5b:f7:a5:a2:4f:11:5c:80:f4:f0:bd:c7:ea:3c:db:
6f:e2:eb:6c:7f:c3:58:d9:31:77:4b:4d:f7:ce:bb:d6:c8:64:
a3:01:d5:f9:a4:8d:e8:f0:ee:09:06:2c:0b:3c:ac:0a:57:d8:
e4:81:79:ea:4a:bd:51:03:88:4c:d0:4c:0b:c4:0c:7e:2d:e7:
df:1b:67:62:c0:d1:9c:ad:bb:d3:f0:75:dd:83:aa:70:99:2c:
19:78:3d:26:2b:47:6f:24:c1:60:02:1e:4b:75:04:91:1f:08:
1c:b3:79:a0:9b:db:fb:5d:3f:c7:e3:09:1f:41:3e:64:bb:ad:
19:3d:35:e1:a6:f4:69:0b:a2:04:37:42:95:c6:c7:e5:f4:56:
0e:67:5b:78:34:bb:07:f1:8f:e7:73:5b:87:d7:df:c9:2d:8d:
8c:42:76:87:15:85:4b:23:03:20:34:e1:1b:f6:0c:1e:84:53:
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07:d4:63:2d:97:89:1c:b3:44:99:eb:d4:df:32:74:be:0d:63:
11:22:fd:fa:8e:e2:0b:56:12:56:0c:46:16:ad:44:10:26:98:
dc:cf:c9:95:67:3e:11:c1:76:fa:b8:12:ea:96:f6:d9:91:ac:
bf:49:b9:1c:8e:15:05:53:ac:9e:04:d2:5b:b8:87:bf:81:50:
f7:02:a4:c0:9c:18:0f:45:ac:7a:82:cf:46:15:42:40:09:32:
89:a5:ea:90:a5:99:68:f9:93:0c:7b:d6:7a:a8:e9:51:e2:90:
9e:b9:ed:21:db:d9:7e:de:dc:62:6b:44:6b:9f:81:c5:77:39:
8e:1d:78:30:de:dc:53:80:e0:c3:fa:fa:94:68:28:91:98:86:
ff:86:04:a9:bd:58:7c:31:37:1f:db:9a:29:f3:c1:48:10:20:
71:5f:fc:35:13:eb:7b:12:e2:7d:1c:cc:97:fe:8f:5c:a2:dd:
f6:d2:a3:b2:ea:51:b3:ef:b1:1e:79:0b:00:53:f4:f2:52:75:
5a:d7:17:c5:31:a0:54:4e:2b:28:2c:4f:6b:7a:27:3a:2c:04:
da:b3:1d:04:4e:a4:4e:94:5c:a8:91:70:ab:c0:4b:75:9f:b3:
6a:a9:4e:8a:22:e9:7f:fd:ec:53:e7:6a:6d:32:0b:8b:ab:4c:
e7:7d:72:ec:04:62:1c:1a:45:1e:33:8e:37:ae:6a:2f:c8:fb:
f3:69:ed:11:01:f3:f4:57:e9:29:d5:3b:0c:9c:0c:c4:cb:c3:
38:5c:01:e7:d6:31:c3:d8:ce:24:d7:be:71:9b:c8:96:13:ca:
5c:5d:e4:92:40:af:86:a0:4b:ff:a7:55:39:70:fd:ac:0a:e1:
87:c7:01:4b:c3:41:36:c6:c6:33:8f:4f:25:4a:8d:70:92:ac:
7c:95:cc:49:a9:dc:d6:6a:67:52:a5:5b:7f:2f:bb:91:e3:be:
d6:28:fc:22:d0:72:66:e8:09:73:a7:23:c6:a6:89:38:0b:e5:
d0:b3:f1:40:38:9c:4d:17:96:11:17:44:ef:e3:94:51:91:4c:
5d:fe:d9:ed:c3:76:a0:2d:3b:dc:8d:b9:31:15:f6:75:58:74:
2f:57:b4:29:21:29:6d:5f:eb:06:71:0a:f4:db:ff:c6:2f:16:
73:a7:76:6b:d0:5b:a7:21:5c:fd:f0:11:e8:6f:9b:d0:c9:c9:
fe:35:76:4a:4a:63:9b:ba:48:ac:af:4f:91:67:9c:5c:47:d8:
e3:2d:03:12:5e:f1:cb:56:34:75:69:95:ad:68:96:6c:e7:4a:
91:72:fb:9b:ba:e8:92:56:fb:9a:5b:5d:3b:9d:d3:c5:c4:52:
42:1b:f9:4a:47:42:dd:77:49:da:2b:bd:d7:94:5f:7b:b8:64:
b9:06:32:7c:ea:d1:36:f6:95:b8:57:41:1b:6e:66:31:2c:ee:
87:7a:5c:19:2f:d8:95:4a:16:93:48:f3:97:25:3d:24:61:1e:
d0:63:37:ee:3a:c9:a3:46:c5:94:a0:7e:24:cc:7f:72:8d:14:
9e:3c:33:ec:cd:9a:dd:b5:08:90:98:19:95:85:38:ff:ff:d2:
1e:bf:a6:c4:97:13:2b:3d:47:e9:57:59:d3:7d:99:01:6e:53:
4d:c0:82:97:fb:89:d6:7c:b7:23:0e:7d:6e:23:88:53:06:8f:
16:ff:40:0a:1b:cd:d5:1e:91:01:3e:77:3a:5f:c1:57:3a:7b:
c6:d5:51:d7:e2:ec:89:12:6b:9d:03:e4:9d:bb:7d:4e:02:bf:
67:8d:03:ca:90:56:f0:9a:97:4b:02:2d:4c:31:89:82:76:97:
fe:2f:d5:0a:3d:ea:0d:38:6c:30:75:5f:ae:91:53:d7:45:64:
df:ba:0b:22:80:44:85:6d:0e:5c:29:7f:82:9e:54:a3:7a:95:
be:96:79:66:9d:5b:a2:d6:2e:47:c6:99:7d:2b:32:dc:f2:b6:
02:91:6d:63:d4:93:45:60:c4:42:71:10:9e:fb:90:2f:e6:75:
71:ce:78:70:c1:da:ff:e1:47:fe:79:2b:8e:9a:81:bf:dd:02:
e3:78:39:71:17:b3:23:14:11:9d:29:8e:21:a1:98:b0:ac:03:
5a:6c:9e:62:64:ef:4f:03:ca:37:a6:ed:e4:78:d5:0d:99:29:
f5:5c:61:e6:48:cb:97:0e:5e:f9:2c:f6:b6:c7:7c:0c:a4:f7:
1a:f7:67:b5:5c:03:bf:bf:7a:e2:4d:a2:9b:5d:5d:5f:51:d0:
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91:50:3a:24:8d:19:18:23:2e:cf:30:8d:5d:e3:e7:02:93:fa:
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60:74:72:c9:70:d8:59:b7:80:7f:da:f6:67:3f:d0:ba:be:1b:
a1:87:da:92:2d:a3:6c:99:29:57:aa:cb:d1:8d:66:f1:2d:c9:
56:60:24:56:4b:19:9f:f5:65:84:89:86:7d:4d:8b:f8:5b:60:
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5c:c5:20:1e:3d:b5:dc:92:b2:9c:d8:1b:1b:e0:bc:44:7b:9c:
95:c5:53:48:91:b2:a5:46:16:bf:50:af:a5:44:cc:54:78:3f:
ed:20:d8:2e:0b:41:3d:f1:04:9d:df:3c:4a:d7:81:04:ff:8c:
b7:79:f8:51:8d:b7:2e:ac:2c:54:e6:fc:43:76:8e:f9:be:8c:
b8:5c:ad:c4:13:af:b0:6e:3b:d1:82:57:1e:f5:52:84:ca:cc:
d2:68:f3:2d:04:ff:27:0a:e6:a2:fa:c0:a9:97:d6:64:45:18:
5c:6f:9e:c1:64:22:66:db:56:02:c3:a8:57:fc:87:1b:5c:43:
15:8e:58:fc:f2:00:0b:4f:6a:4b:a0:5c:da:f2:e5:1b:82:4a:
6b:ef:db:63:d7:7d:93:1d:2f:20:78:37:17:22:82:cd:6b:c1:
83:61:05:81:99:0c:25:29:d6:5f:22:bc:06:67:7d:67
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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qWX39W6bqal6Bc6r8FRi2RL4oRpo368Vj4rfZyfJ7b3hgaaNmoTzkTbZiXSO74Tc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uuiSVvuaW107ndPFxFJCG/lKR0Ldd0naK73XlF97uGS5BjJ86tE29pW4V0EbbmYx
LO6HelwZL9iVShaTSPOXJT0kYR7QYzfuOsmjRsWUoH4kzH9yjRSePDPszZrdtQiQ
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dpf+L9UKPeoNOGwwdV+ukVPXRWTfugsigESFbQ5cKX+CnlSjepW+lnlmnVui1i5H
xpl9KzLc8rYCkW1j1JNFYMRCcRCe+5Av5nVxznhwwdr/4Uf+eSuOmoG/3QLjeDlx
F7MjFBGdKY4hoZiwrANabJ5iZO9PA8o3pu3keNUNmSn1XGHmSMuXDl75LPa2x3wM
pPca92e1XAO/v3riTaKbXV1fUdDWUo8qIGgIu/CcBQ7vs0kMKh2P+QO3YQlxiH3i
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S7Cs3ZAu0OHrcTKDXSqpubUk/OnsGMrJoQVZPvqv7U6Gsf5AR5tCd6+cK6DiPv1R
qwJ36PE5RapUthTUFCD8NoHmBJiKoMCKz672tdy36yaG088cOGVUBLG1CUj1LQe6
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FjhgdHLJcNhZt4B/2vZnP9C6vhuhh9qSLaNsmSlXqsvRjWbxLclWYCRWSxmf9WWE
iYZ9TYv4W2Ddry1mdmxm2cb1OSVs5XtDl2RcxSAePbXckrKc2Bsb4LxEe5yVxVNI
kbKlRha/UK+lRMxUeD/tINguC0E98QSd3zxK14EE/4y3efhRjbcurCxU5vxDdo75
voy4XK3EE6+wbjvRglce9VKEyszSaPMtBP8nCuai+sCpl9ZkRRhcb57BZCJm21YC
w6hX/IcbXEMVjlj88gALT2pLoFza8uUbgkpr79tj132THS8geDcXIoLNa8GDYQWB
mQwlKdZfIrwGZ31n
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
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Appendix C. XMSS^MT X.509 v3 Certificate Example
This section shows a self-signed X.509 v3 certificate using XMSS^MT.
Certificate:
Data:
Version: 3 (0x2)
Serial Number:
5c:22:ad:8a:06:51:9e:67:02:6a:2d:43:3e:8b:c7:23:
43:77:80:c8
Signature Algorithm: xmssmt
Issuer: C = FR, L = Paris, O = Bogus XMSSMT CA
Validity
Not Before: Jul 10 08:28:04 2024 GMT
Not After : Jul 8 08:28:04 2034 GMT
Subject: C = FR, L = Paris, O = Bogus XMSSMT CA
Subject Public Key Info:
Public Key Algorithm: xmssmt
xmssmt public key:
PQ key material:
00:00:00:01:4b:a7:89:11:6f:fc:1d:fb:d3:e7:71:
73:b8:a2:48:ef:53:b9:9d:1f:c6:8a:7c:be:4f:8a:
29:fa:41:fd:bd:da:20:7f:f6:3b:b0:c5:b8:a7:c2:
f2:5a:f2:26:14:eb:36:f0:26:2f:87:74:fb:0e:d5:
7e:17:a0:d1:4d:b6:cf:51
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
7C:7D:59:B8:95:61:D5:03:6A:1E:3D:F1:24:AB:1D:ED:
04:CD:DB:5F
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
7C:7D:59:B8:95:61:D5:03:6A:1E:3D:F1:24:AB:1D:ED:
04:CD:DB:5F
X509v3 Basic Constraints: critical
CA:TRUE
X509v3 Key Usage: critical
Certificate Sign, CRL Sign
Signature Algorithm: xmssmt
Signature Value:
00:00:00:57:c4:98:89:ff:d9:0a:8e:6e:6f:16:95:8c:ec:35:
42:21:c2:ca:56:ed:f8:81:f1:b2:4f:2b:6d:73:f4:37:55:fc:
f4:4e:15:eb:6b:90:de:34:fe:d6:96:70:94:8d:c1:e7:4a:32:
49:30:3a:40:a4:67:d2:fb:da:f8:d8:a1:7a:48:22:1c:e3:98:
bc:d0:68:85:29:c9:e5:f7:5c:56:d8:9c:80:be:68:ed:11:eb:
39:0f:ef:cb:09:b2:28:30:a6:2b:05:bc:de:11:22:be:c4:dc:
08:9a:3d:b4:49:37:1f:54:5e:5f:2d:93:62:b0:95:c5:5d:23:
92:f3:55:40:78:19:00:56:9e:a2:f1:0e:4b:ae:75:d6:92:09:
b1:79:ec:c9:18:67:19:09:86:83:74:5d:0a:06:ab:da:f0:af:
02:97:4d:d7:73:06:8b:a2:84:c7:09:af:dd:8b:15:39:e4:30:
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e8:84:e8:fa:39:5b:aa:37:6e:95:89:ac:26:4a:4e:ca:be:29:
08:4b:3c:28:a7:85:6a:ad:5a:d2:93:eb:12:e1:9a:87:1c:40:
3b:cf:15:6c:43:4e:88:21:54:52:7e:0d:6d:17:29:8d:15:6f:
ef:42:5a:a9:25:d0:97:80:61:31:22:a4:9f:25:17:51:ad:0b:
a1:cb:93:b4:f5:a6:b0:22:1b:6d:50:64:2a:48:bd:05:16:88:
00:e3:7b:56:d0:03:b3:7a:2d:6a:0b:f3:de:a2:8c:6e:81:80:
2c:8f:e9:d8:78:ed:5b:99:c9:13:d1:b6:eb:78:c3:40:2b:a1:
7a:84:0a:ba:12:87:5e:1d:38:24:22:8f:c0:a3:65:1c:1c:ce:
2d:8e:e5:2f:1f:be:93:5c:fe:1c:cd:a8:9d:7e:7e:cf:18:e2:
9c:c5:54:dc:62:61:74:23:55:64:66:21:96:4c:a7:2e:8a:94:
a6:35:10:a5:e8:5e:6e:91:ac:a8:cb:ed:51:2b:66:45:03:f5:
87:ed:4d:8c:4e:6d:54:80:a1:33:8a:84:9d:23:31:90:c6:05:
11:a7:9d:bd:51:0a:73:47:bc:08:49:11:b3:98:ff:01:14:69:
d7:c0:a0:0c:55:e4:5e:e2:fa:84:ac:27:b3:85:2c:99:71:52:
9c:33:f8:9d:8c:d2:13:bc:6e:18:79:15:a7:02:ee:15:eb:27:
d8:af:24:38:02:9c:ca:30:f3:e2:30:41:2f:62:a2:2c:a5:81:
1b:71:6d:b1:94:bd:c6:3d:9e:5e:51:45:de:5b:f4:d7:e6:35:
e7:d8:7c:d5:98:ec:7e:0e:f8:9d:c1:a7:7b:b3:65:b1:a1:4b:
2d:ec:d9:12:45:6b:1f:0b:1c:6b:3b:0a:66:76:39:f4:cc:9b:
e1:b7:17:f7:53:fc:c3:a6:18:f7:2e:45:52:b1:18:99:75:d1:
69:bb:77:c8:1a:84:5f:06:b5:8b:cb:02:b0:b2:0f:bf:17:18:
65:3d:a7:72:5b:71:9f:92:7e:3a:df:84:cc:65:5c:c4:5b:70:
fd:cc:38:9e:12:6e:f9:ff:1f:02:fc:ca:f5:68:86:fc:ca:71:
f1:3d:7b:32:b4:d4:c3:a2:20:16:3f:12:07:71:95:3b:d4:b1:
1e:fc:8c:1f:34:8c:c8:ab:8c:bb:75:93:c1:1a:d2:85:3e:9a:
e6:04:86:88:de:27:46:ca:f3:f7:f3:8e:54:18:ea:aa:ae:14:
02:b1:4a:6a:e0:24:77:40:28:8d:37:27:9c:87:6a:81:09:d2:
01:4d:20:7f:de:84:a8:80:8c:8e:63:82:be:66:df:87:30:5c:
b8:71:0a:e9:91:68:71:6e:97:97:f0:27:4e:fa:ae:6a:85:ac:
80:cd:38:48:49:c1:2b:9d:db:54:c5:f0:bf:fa:06:e8:96:3a:
c0:95:f0:88:bd:8e:80:78:3d:dc:ad:5d:0a:56:dd:c7:80:9f:
fc:64:58:4d:6d:27:f6:d7:1a:8c:b2:1c:09:ea:7d:4f:74:99:
0d:4a:0c:b8:b0:ef:74:dd:6f:6f:dc:e5:83:e1:e3:c2:e8:58:
17:b8:44:8a:2d:ec:df:54:f6:1f:67:a2:b3:c5:19:fb:b9:c7:
1b:3c:ea:bd:2c:e1:43:65:d1:5a:17:dc:93:9d:c5:85:0c:55:
34:13:49:15:92:e2:52:14:d1:81:aa:62:02:1a:ba:c9:b0:53:
85:8e:7b:d1:4e:34:76:ac:79:d7:b3:48:92:bf:55:7e:2d:5c:
cd:32:9b:c1:41:a7:a3:cd:b7:94:5c:96:1e:3e:27:4d:eb:f0:
61:4b:a4:e3:3c:bb:69:85:37:e9:9c:98:f4:68:7a:61:77:8c:
bd:b9:30:d6:f1:fd:69:78:3f:96:99:7b:69:39:90:b3:7c:b6:
88:ed:cd:19:da:42:64:e5:32:4c:a2:30:f7:c4:e8:27:93:70:
ed:fa:5e:ca:8e:7a:d1:13:af:15:b1:59:c9:9b:91:61:0b:06:
d5:cc:2e:80:bb:49:93:dd:be:53:88:be:af:80:64:7c:5e:be:
7b:8b:e7:5f:39:af:ab:67:42:6b:06:aa:ef:d6:69:af:a9:00:
1f:a0:15:10:04:3e:db:93:b2:37:db:eb:85:59:43:a2:8d:8f:
06:8c:cb:a2:1d:a8:3c:9f:f4:a4:7c:c8:cd:ff:f0:a8:79:0f:
e7:d8:94:67:ec:17:3f:fa:6e:04:07:4f:bf:86:04:6c:fc:46:
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b3:81:17:0b:4b:7d:1c:9e:74:02:1e:ef:de:0d:1b:c1:c0:04:
4d:46:fd:dc:0b:a4:c6:33:e6:85:0a:60:39:4d:0b:f9:49:44:
33:e0:15:99:19:bf:c7:8a:c6:96:04:93:37:6b:5d:e8:be:73:
d4:80:b8:81:0f:9a:91:44:cf:72:02:d3:c9:f8:e0:7d:d2:9b:
2b:ff:eb:42:6e:38:7e:dc:cd:a7:90:c5:2c:2b:a0:23:37:b9:
64:10:a6:27:68:47:c5:f1:e8:8d:41:c1:49:e8:35:48:ce:c8:
08:4c:ad:f2:ad:5d:e9:62:eb:c9:3c:61:85:18:c6:34:73:fd:
26:a4:f0:50:83:9b:64:54:aa:55:6c:d8:a2:21:81:ff:9c:27:
39:1f:c3:a2:0e:e5:53:b1:d7:fa:1f:ef:29:8b:c2:90:98:ea:
2e:dd:45:bf:c3:6c:a3:93:47:99:03:18:25:e8:a5:ee:2e:77:
eb:7f:f4:49:49:59:98:c1:fc:ab:1e:ad:20:bd:f8:24:fd:21:
1b:da:5a:07:55:c8:50:05:31:50:93:b2:f8:6e:db:73:4d:5f:
34:aa:f3:34:83:90:f0:41:6d:c8:43:56:d1:75:07:f5:16:20:
b3:99:b2:c7:34:25:c4:0e:74:5a:51:0f:7b:3b:7f:6a:a9:41:
17:b5:47:62:2d:4f:b9:61:97:60:e9:ae:ca:ad:31:6e:4b:0a:
47:9c:53:66:a3:4e:c3:96:7c:01:a0:8e:ae:83:45:42:e6:92:
12:8e:97:6f:e8:a0:b7:7d:a6:74:24:aa:20:b0:fa:9e:98:e8:
7c:b4:da:30:e9:94:08:96:b7:b9:53:4f:75:5f:0c:4d:82:e3:
cf:6e:bc:fa:23:4f:fa:33:17:7c:98:b6:1e:47:89:3e:d9:a1:
aa:42:19:25:ae:9e:3f:53:44:ac:91:96:d8:55:c3:40:1d:fa:
ad:86:38:62:bd:27:2f:26:34:be:ad:9a:01:44:42:c8:54:a5:
3a:e9:0a:ff:f8:41:6d:38:1e:e2:3d:08:3a:94:4f:1e:60:d0:
b1:c2:8e:94:34:f0:30:3e:f0:91:25:ee:98:34:b4:8d:95:4e:
cf:ed:1d:61:89:c9:59:10:68:f2:bc:2e:5c:bd:c0:0f:1d:9c:
2f:7c:c0:27:25:14:9b:de:a3:74:64:28:14:2c:a2:b2:90:3a:
a4:6a:50:e9:8e:ca:78:e5:b6:74:56:e0:92:69:7d:b4:2e:e0:
e7:66:92:16:92:a0:c3:db:4f:d3:d0:57:4d:4a:28:ee:b7:cc:
04:ef:17:d9:fc:01:bb:1e:b2:5b:02:3d:1f:5a:85:73:a1:81:
96:b7:33:5d:79:e5:6b:c9:29:73:34:01:69:ea:57:f0:01:be:
4e:f3:5c:f3:0a:a7:37:08:ad:18:9c:c7:4c:59:d0:5d:bb:01:
f1:53:76:cb:cd:d9:84:5e:bc:22:11:76:01:d9:e3:af:17:03:
01:ef:38:4c:ad:c1:7d:a9:c6:61:2b:ba:9c:81:95:86:af:bb:
73:90:dc:d9:2f:d1:3f:95:6a:b9:46:0f:fb:84:64:7c:7d:86:
65:aa:10:71:56:19:5f:60:52:7f:19:fa:d5:5a:e0:90:e4:b9:
62:55:71:2a:61:f9:37:2f:5e:07:71:43:cf:06:ca:6a:d5:52:
c8:33:e1:ad:b2:3e:a4:61:01:00:bc:55:5d:0a:f3:e6:4f:35:
06:c4:a8:3f:4c:8b:9b:c9:41:4b:f4:c1:57:ee:3c:c0:44:68:
52:5a:2d:b9:a7:f2:41:da:c4:8d:7d:db:40:b6:fc:47:63:5a:
69:a1:c7:8c:cc:3f:af:51:94:37:95:58:82:79:d2:16:4a:bf:
12:0b:59:a5:a5:11:71:e6:1c:63:3b:ea:f0:2f:10:e0:97:9a:
a1:04:53:d0:72:f4:3c:77:3b:78:ee:b5:aa:6b:f5:bb:5c:e9:
35:4f:69:65:87:29:24:ec:47:7b:78:5a:a7:c1:e5:f1:73:7d:
4d:79:ef:ef:4e:75:87:db:8f:36:fd:50:3e:74:dc:17:d4:c3:
3f:4f:82:24:51:1b:12:16:26:61:db:93:15:19:39:55:f5:05:
2c:6e:85:dd:b2:cc:4f:c0:09:0a:76:46:d8:e4:f2:11:92:a1:
e0:36:a8:25:c7:45:19:6c:98:eb:9a:fa:c1:ec:80:18:ce:d1:
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Van Geest, et al. Expires 19 May 2025 [Page 29]
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Van Geest, et al. Expires 19 May 2025 [Page 30]
Internet-Draft HSS and XMSS for X.509 November 2024
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Van Geest, et al. Expires 19 May 2025 [Page 31]
Internet-Draft HSS and XMSS for X.509 November 2024
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-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIU6zCCAXOgAwIBAgIUXCKtigZRnmcCai1DPovHI0N3gMgwCgYIKwYBBQUHBiMw
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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
Van Geest, et al. Expires 19 May 2025 [Page 34]
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Acknowledgments
Thanks for Russ Housley, Panos Kampanakis, Michael StJohns and Corey
Bonnell for helpful suggestions and reviews.
This document uses a lot of text from similar documents [SP800208],
([RFC3279] and [RFC8410]) as well as [I-D.ietf-lamps-rfc8708bis].
Thanks go to the authors of those documents. "Copying always makes
things easier and less error prone" - [RFC8411].
Authors' Addresses
Daniel Van Geest
CryptoNext Security
Email: [email protected]
Kaveh Bashiri
BSI
Email: [email protected]
Scott Fluhrer
Cisco Systems
Email: [email protected]
Stefan-Lukas Gazdag
genua GmbH
Email: [email protected]
Stavros Kousidis
BSI
Email: [email protected]
Van Geest, et al. Expires 19 May 2025 [Page 35]