Gwo ka

Gwo ka

music genre, waa balibu

Yaɣ sheli	music of Guadeloupe, French Caribbean music
Tingbani shɛli din yina	France
Location of creation	Guadeloupe
Intangible cultural heritage status	National Inventory of Intangible Cultural Heritage in France, Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
Described at URL	https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/00991, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/00991, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/00991

Gwo ka nyɛla French creole bachi zaŋ n-ti luŋ daa. Di yi pahi Gwotanbou, di soochi Ka nee Banboula (archaic), nyɛla daŋ yuli zaŋ n-ti nuu luŋa mini bɛ mali li ŋmɛri shili shɛli, din nya yɛli kpeeni Guadeloupean yila ni. Maan pahi, lala bachi ŋɔ tooi nyɛla bɛ ni nyari shɛli tambourine (tanbou d'bas), kadri yila ŋmɛbu ni, bee a ni yɛn kuli yɛn ŋmɛ (tanbou).

Gwo Ka yila ŋɔ bɔhimbu yila sɛnchiri pia ni ayopɔin ni na, saha shɛli bɛ ni daa kohiri daba.

Luŋ ŋmɛbu soya ka mani ayopɔin n namdi gwo ka yila, di ni ka luŋsi ŋɔ tooi ŋmɛ n teei kumsi ŋɔ doli taba. Luŋ konkoba n-nye din piini li ka di dii tuɣi goligi. Din galisi di ni, boula, ŋmɛri la sunsuuni kukoli ka zaɣibil' maa mi (markeur) kpaŋsiri li, ka kpɛri wa wariba ni, ban yuunda, bee ban yiinda. Gwo ka yilibu tooi nyɛla lɔŋ ni, nyee ni, ni kaa, amaa di ni tooi lahi niɛ ka bala, ka kookali ni kukobala too doli li. Wahi gba tooi beni salim di salima ka gwo ka ŋmɛri doli li.

Ʒɛmana ŋɔ, Guadeloupe, luŋ ŋmɛbu bi lahi go n chirigiri waa. Amaa taarihi ni, ni lala yɛla diba ayi ŋɔ daa nyɛla din bi waligira léwôz kali ni, diɛma din daa laɣindi dakuli ayi kam asibiri ka miri yɔŋ ni (yobu dabisili), ni asibiri daa ŋɔ yuuni kam luɣi shɛŋa din be tiŋgbani zuɣu. Gwoka yila daa nyɛla ka na kuli nya bɛ ni ŋmɛri saha kam yuuni ni bɛ ni ti mali kaya diɛma ka mani léwòz, kout’tanbou, véyé ni adiini laɣinsi.

Zuŋɔ, Guadeloupan tinkpansi na nyɛla ban laɣindi bohindi léwôz, amaa gwo ka din nya ʒɛmana di ni ka yoli na kuli nyɛla din za di gama zuɣu, ka bɛ mi li gwo ka moderne.

Taarihi

Gwo Ka yila ŋɔ piligi la sɛnchiri pia ni ayopɔin saha din daa niŋ ka daba kohibu na saha shɛli, ka di daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa laɣim di kaya ni bɛ kpuri zaɣa palli: taɣa dee ʒinɛli yɛla ni Europe kaya ni ta'ada paɣasibu. Africa daba ban daa bɛ Guadeloupe daa nyɛla ban tooi laɣindi ŋmɛri luŋsi, yiini yila, ka wara. Dalli kam zaŋ ŋmɛ binkumda lala saha daa nyɛla Code Noir ni chihi shɛli. Din zuɣu, dabba daa zaŋdi la bɛ kukoya niŋbu baŋsim ŋan daa nya bouladjèl, ka di paɣasiri luŋsi. Lala saha, Gwoka ŋmɛbu ŋɔ daa nyɛla din jɛndi kparilim yɛltɔɣa, di bahi bahindi dakanda, kofee ni kodu kobu.

Yuuni 1946, laɣinsi din daa nya kaya paɣasibu gu ka taɣi ni maŋ-sulinsi daa ti soli ka Gwoka wuligi gili, ka di daa leei di naba labi zani saha piligu. Din zuɣu, yuuni 1988, looya ni tiŋgbani zabira, bihi bapira Félix Cotellon daa kpuri Festival de Gwoka Sentann (Gwoka chuɣu), Sainte-Anne yiŋ dundɔŋni ka yaɣali ŋɔ gɔmnanti sɔŋsim daa kani. Bɔhimbu ni tɔɣano nim daa nyɛla din niŋ chuɣu maa ni.

Yuuni 1981, yili yiinda, bihi bapira Gérard Lockel daa nyɛla ŋun zaŋ Traité de Gwoka modên wuhi salo, kookali tuuli zaŋ chaŋ gwoka yila ŋɔ banzali polo. O daa wuhiya ni Gwoka nyɛla din ka kuko' daa, ka vori miriti Europe yila nima. O ni daa saɣati Gwoka zaa naai, o daa kpuɣi li pa zaŋ tam Africa yila ta'ada. Lockel nam saha, Gwoka daa nyɛla din taɣi pa tooi yina sambanni ti diɛmdi akpaaku zuɣu ni Europe mini North America binkumda.

Yila vihigu wuhiya ni lala binkumda na ŋɔ nyɛla din pilli pili West Africa tiŋgbani (Guinea gulf, Congo...) binkumda ni yila ni. Zaŋ yi bɛ yila ni wa' bobigu ni, daba ŋɔ nam yɛltɔɣa palli ka di ŋmani creole balli: Gwo Ka.

Lala yila ŋɔ nyɛla din tabi Africa: - di yili labi yili repetitive form - Yɛl' pala nambu - wan doli yila maa - saɣibu zaŋ yi ban ŋmɛri ni ban wara - lɔŋ niɣinbu balibu

Binkumda

Binkumda din ŋmɛri gwo ka ŋɔ nyɛla ka mani lunsi ayi (ka, créole zinli zuɣu): boula zaŋ yini ni makè gba zaŋ yini.

Taarihi ni, bɛ mali la ka ni:

• nimdi dim chim bee n-ŋɔ ka niɛm (bari a vyann bee bouko, créole zinli zuɣu);
• Bua gbaŋ (po a kabrit, créole zinli zuɣu) — di nya bua laa, boula bee. bua nyaŋ, makè;
• kuri' timsili (sèk, i.e. circle in créole);
• da' yaɣa (klé, créole zinli zuɣu);
• mia (zoban, créole zinli zuɣu).

Di tooi zooya ka Ka yaɣali ŋɔ ŋuna bɛ zaŋ ŋa pahi di zuɣu:

• ti-bwa: daɣu ŋan waɣilim paai sɛntimita pia ni anu hali ni pishi ka bɛ zaŋ zali "Ka" yaɣa bee bamboo din yalim paai sɛntimita pia ni anu;
• chacha: yoɣu ŋman' kɔŋ — bee ŋmani shɛli dabam — ka bɛ tooi bindirigu pali li (ka mani kawana, yɛlim, tankpaɣu...).

Rhythms

Din taɣiri (biɛhigu ni yilibu soli) "master" di ni pahi gungɔŋ maa zuɣu ni di nam yila maa yili doli diba ayopɔin bee waa:

• léwôz ŋɔ nyɛla tɔbu kumsi, ka di mali tiri yilibu ŋɔ yaa zaŋ chaŋ kobu polo, amaa di daa lahi nyɛla kom bahibu waa;
• kaladja ŋɔ wuhiri la nimmohi din be yurilim ni;
• toumblak ŋɔ, ka mani kaladja, yiindi mi tam yurilim zuɣu, puli waa, dɔɣim yiko waa;
• padjabèl nyɛla fiɛbiga din mali ŋmaari waa;
• graj ŋɔ din doli la kprilim tuma;
• woulé ŋɔ nyɛla "creole waltz", niŋdi gban piɛla tabibi ni buɣisibu;
• mendé ŋɔ n daa yɛn nya yili doli bahigu kana, ka "Congos" daa na be kontiraaji ni di nyahibu nyaaŋa, ka di laɣim wuhiri di chuɣu puhibu.

Waa

"Gwo-ka nyɛla waa din nam viɛnyɛla, waa din mali ni nyambo, di ni ʒia saha shɛli ŋɔ. (…) Gwo-ka, waa din ka saɣisibu, ka nye din mali ni nyambo ni taɣi dee: Waa din nya nyɛvuli"