Cometa periòdic
Els cometes periòdics són cometes que tenen uns períodes orbitals de menys de 200 anys (també coneguts com a cometes de període curt) o que s'ha observat el seu pas pel periheli més d'una vegada, com per exemple el Cometa de Halley.[1]
Els cometes reben una designació provisional en ser descoberts formada per l'any de la descoberta seguit d'una lletra en minúscula que identifica la quinzena del mes de la descoberta i un nombre progressiu que es refereix a les descobertes fetes en la mateixa quinzena del mes. Als cometes periòdics se'ls afegeix el prefix P/ i als no periòdics el prefix C/. Els cometes que s'han perdut o s'han desintegrat reben el prefix D/, els cometes l'òrbita dels quals no és del tot fiable com els cometes històrics reben el prefix X/ i per acabar reben un prefix A/ aquells objectes confosos amb cometes però que en realitat són considerats actualment planetes menors.[2] P/2005 T5 (Broughton). En la majoria dels casos, els cometes reben el nom del seu descobridor, però en alguns casos come el 2P/Encke i el 27P/Crommelin tenen el nom de la persona que calculà la seva òrbita.
Els cometes periòdics a vegades porten el mateix nom repetidament (nou cometes Shoemaker-Levy o vint-i-quatre cometes NEAT); El sistema IAU els distingeix pel prefix o per la designació completa (181P i 192P són ambdós "Cometes Shoemaker-Levy").
Les òrbites dels cometes són difícils de calcular a llarg termini a causa dels errors en la trajectòria coneguda que s'acumulen amb les pertorbacions dels planetes. Alguns cometes s'han perdut perquè les seves òrbites han estat afectades per efectes no gravitacionals com l'expulsió de gasos o altres materials que formen la coma del cometes i la seva cua. Això no obstant, es pot predir el pas proper pel periheli d'un cometa periòdic amb força precisió.
Cometes periòdics numerats
[modifica]Cometes periòdics no numerats
[modifica]| Cometa | Descobridor/s |
|---|---|
| D/1884 O1 (Barnard), al principi Barnard 1 | Barnard |
| P/2001 W2 (BATTeRS) | BATTeRS |
| P/2005 V1 (Bernardi) | Bernardi |
| P/2008 J2 (Beshore) | Beshore (Mount Lemmon Survey) |
| D/1819 W1 (Blanpain) | Blanpain |
| P/2008 O3 (Boattini) | Boattini (Mount Lemmon Survey) |
| P/2008 T1 (Boattini) | Boattini (Mount Lemmon Survey) [5] |
| P/2009 B1 (Boattini) | Boattini (Catalina Sky Survey) |
| P/2009 Q4 (Boattini) | Boattini (Catalina Sky Survey) |
| P/2010 U1 (Boattini) | Boattini (Mount Lemmon Survey) |
| P/1984 A1 (Bradfield), al principi Bradfield 1 | Bradfield |
| P/1989 A3 (Bradfield), al principi Bradfield 2 | Bradfield |
| D/1886 K1 (Brooks), al principi Brooks 1 | Brooks |
| P/2005 T5 (Broughton) | Broughton |
| P/1999 V1 (Catalina) | Catalina Sky Survey (Hergenrother) |
| P/1999 XN120 (Catalina) | Catalina Sky Survey |
| P/2005 JQ5 (Catalina) | Catalina Sky Survey |
| P/2005 JY126 (Catalina) | Catalina Sky Survey |
| P/2005 N5 (Catalina) | Catalina Sky Survey |
| P/2007 C2 (Catalina) | Catalina Sky Survey [6] |
| P/2007 T6 (Catalina) | Catalina Sky Survey [7] |
| P/2007 VQ11 (Catalina) | Catalina Sky Survey [8] |
| P/2008 E1 (Catalina) | Catalina Sky Survey [9] |
| P/2009 WX51 (Catalina) | Catalina Sky Survey |
| P/2008 S1 (Catalina–McNaught) | Catalina Sky Survey i McNaught [10] |
| P/2005 JD108 (Catalina–NEAT) | Catalina Sky Survey i NEAT |
| P/2005 L4 (Christensen) | Christensen |
| P/2005 O2 (Christensen) | Christensen |
| P/2005 T2 (Christensen) | Christensen |
| P/2005 W2 (Christensen) | Christensen |
| P/2006 F2 (Christensen) | Christensen |
| P/2006 R2 (Christensen) | Christensen |
| P/2006 S1 (Christensen) | Christensen |
| P/2006 S4 (Christensen) | Christensen |
| P/2006 U5 (Christensen) | Christensen |
| P/2006 WY182 (Christensen) | Christensen |
| P/2007 B1 (Christensen) | Christensen [11] |
| P/2007 C1 (Christensen) | Christensen (Catalina Sky Survey) [12] |
| D/1894 F1 (Denning) | Denning |
| P/1921 H1 (Dubiago) | Dubiago |
| P/2007 H3 (Garradd) | Garradd [13] |
| P/2007 R4 (Garradd) | Garradd [14] |
| P/2008 R1 (Garradd) | Garradd [15] |
| P/1997 C1 (Gehrels) | Gehrels |
| P/2006 U7 (Gibbs) | Gibbs (Mount Lemmon Survey) |
| P/2006 W1 (Gibbs) | Gibbs (Catalina Sky Survey) |
| P/2006 Y2 (Gibbs) | Gibbs (Catalina Sky Survey) |
| P/2007 K2 (Gibbs) | Gibbs (Catalina Sky Survey) [16] |
| P/2007 R2 (Gibbs) | Gibbs (Catalina Sky Survey) |
| P/2007 R3 (Gibbs) | Gibbs (Mount Lemmon Survey) [17] |
| P/2007 T4 (Gibbs) | Gibbs (Catalina Sky Survey) [18] |
| P/2008 Y2 (Gibbs) | Gibbs (Catalina Sky Survey) |
| P/2009 K1 (Gibbs) | Gibbs (Mount Lemmon Survey) |
| P/2011 C2 (Gibbs) | Gibbs (Mount Lemmon Survey) |
| P/2007 Q2 (Gilmore) | Gilmore |
| D/1978 R1 (Haneda–Campos) | Haneda i Campos |
| D/1952 B1 (Harrington–Wilson) | Harrington i Wilson |
| D/1766 G1 (Helfenzrieder) | Helfenzrieder |
| P/1999 D1 (Hermann) | Hermann |
| P/2006 D1 (Hill) | Hill (Catalina Sky Survey) |
| P/2006 S6 (Hill) | Hill (Catalina Sky Survey) |
| P/2007 V2 (Hill) | Hill (Mount Lemmon Survey) [19] |
| P/2008 L2 (Hill) | Hill (Catalina Sky Survey) |
| P/2008 T4 (Hill) | Hill (Catalina Sky Survey) [20] |
| P/2009 O3 (Hill) | Hill (Catalina Sky Survey) |
| P/2009 Q1 (Hill) | Hill (Catalina Sky Survey) |
| P/2009 W1 (Hill) | Hill (Catalina Sky Survey) |
| P/2010 A1 (Hill) | Hill (Catalina Sky Survey) |
| P/2010 A3 (Hill) | Hill (Catalina Sky Survey) |
| P/2010 U2 (Hill) | Hill (Catalina Sky Survey) |
| P/2010 V1 (Ikeya–Murakami) | Ikeya i Murakami |
| P/2010 E2 (Jarnac) | Jarnac Observatory (D. Levy, W. Levy i T. Glinos) |
| P/1998 U3 (Jäger) | Jäger |
| P/1996 A1 (Jedicke) | V. Jedicke i R. Jedicke[3] |
| P/1997 B1 (Kobayashi) | Kobayashi |
| P/2005 W3 (Kowalski) | Kowalski (Catalina Sky Survey) |
| P/2006 F1 (Kowalski) | Kowalski (Mount Lemmon Survey) |
| P/2007 T2 (Kowalski) | Kowalski (Catalina Sky Survey) [21] |
| P/2009 Y2 (Kowalski) | Kowalski (Mount Lemmon Survey) |
| P/2009 QG31 (La Sagra) | La Sagra Sky Survey |
| P/2009 T2 (La Sagra) | La Sagra Sky Survey |
| P/2010 R2 (La Sagra) | La Sagra Sky Survey |
| P/1996 R2 (Lagerkvist) | Lagerkvist |
| P/1997 T3 (Lagerkvist–Carsenty) | Lagerkvist i Carsenty |
| P/2004 C1 (Larsen) | Larsen |
| P/2004 H2 (Larsen) | Larsen |
| P/2004 H3 (Larsen) | Larsen |
| P/2005 N3 (Larson) | Larson (Mount Lemmon Survey) |
| P/2007 R1 (Larson) | Larson (Mount Lemmon Survey)[22] |
| P/2007 V1 (Larson) | Larson (Catalina Sky Survey)[23] |
| P/2007 S2 (Lemmon) | Mount Lemmon Survey |
| P/2008 CL94 (Lemmon) | Mount Lemmon Survey |
| P/1991 L3 (Levy) | Levy |
| P/2006 T1 (Levy) | Levy |
| D/1770 L1 (Lexell) | Lexell |
| P/1998 Y2 (Li) | Li |
| P/1999 E1 (Li) | Li |
| P/1998 G1 (LINEAR) | LINEAR |
| P/1998 VS24 (LINEAR) | LINEAR |
| P/1998 Y1 (LINEAR) | LINEAR |
| P/1999 G1 (LINEAR) | LINEAR |
| P/1999 S3 (LINEAR) | LINEAR |
| P/1999 XS87 (LINEAR) | LINEAR |
| P/2000 G2 (LINEAR) | LINEAR |
| P/2000 D2 (LINEAR) | LINEAR |
| P/2000 R2 (LINEAR) | LINEAR |
| P/2002 A1 (LINEAR) | LINEAR |
| P/2002 A2 (LINEAR) | LINEAR |
| P/2002 B1 (LINEAR) | LINEAR |
| P/2002 AR2 (LINEAR) | LINEAR |
| P/2002 CE10 (LINEAR) | LINEAR |
| P/2002 EJ57 (LINEAR) | LINEAR |
| P/2002 T5 (LINEAR) | LINEAR |
| P/2003 F1 (LINEAR) | LINEAR |
| P/2003 HT15 (LINEAR) | LINEAR |
| P/2003 O2 (LINEAR) | LINEAR |
| P/2003 O3 (LINEAR) | LINEAR |
| P/2003 R1 (LINEAR) | LINEAR |
| P/2003 U1 (LINEAR) | LINEAR |
| P/2003 U2 (LINEAR) | LINEAR |
| P/2003 W1 (LINEAR) | LINEAR |
| P/2004 WR9 (LINEAR) | LINEAR |
| P/2005 Q4 (LINEAR) | LINEAR |
| P/2004 FY140 (LINEAR) | LINEAR |
| P/2000 QJ46 (LINEAR) | LINEAR |
| P/2005 YQ127 (LINEAR) | LINEAR |
| P/2008 A2 (LINEAR) | LINEAR [24] |
| P/2008 R3 (LINEAR) | LINEAR [25] |
| P/2008 WZ96 (LINEAR) | LINEAR |
| P/2010 A2 (LINEAR) | LINEAR |
| P/2010 A5 (LINEAR) | LINEAR |
| P/2010 WK (LINEAR) | LINEAR |
| P/2011 J3 (LINEAR) | LINEAR |
| P/2003 WC7 (LINEAR–Catalina) | LINEAR i Catalina Sky Survey |
| P/2004 V5 (LINEAR–Hill) | LINEAR i Hill |
| P/2008 QP20 (LINEAR–Hill) | LINEAR i Hill [26] |
| P/2001 BB50 (LINEAR–NEAT) | LINEAR i NEAT |
| P/2004 R3 (LINEAR–NEAT) | LINEAR i NEAT |
| P/2004 T1 (LINEAR–NEAT) | LINEAR i NEAT |
| P/2001 R6 (LINEAR–Skiff) | LINEAR i Skiff |
| P/2000 S4 (LINEAR–Spacewatch) | LINEAR i Spacewatch |
| P/1999 RO28 (LONEOS) | LONEOS |
| P/2000 S3 (LONEOS) | LONEOS |
| P/2001 OG108 (LONEOS) | LONEOS |
| P/2004 A1 (LONEOS) | LONEOS |
| P/2004 VR8 (LONEOS) | LONEOS |
| P/2005 GF8 (LONEOS) | LONEOS |
| P/2005 SB216 (LONEOS) | LONEOS |
| P/2006 Q2 (LONEOS) | LONEOS |
| P/2005 RV25 (LONEOS–Christensen) | LONEOS i Christensen |
| P/2005 XA54 (LONEOS–Hill) | LONEOS i Hill |
| P/1998 QP54 (LONEOS–Tucker) | LONEOS i Tucker |
| P/2010 J3 (McMillan) | McMillan |
| P/2004 R1 (McNaught) | McNaught |
| P/2005 J1 (McNaught) | McNaught |
| P/2005 K3 (McNaught) | McNaught |
| P/2005 L1 (McNaught) | McNaught |
| P/2005 Y2 (McNaught) | McNaught |
| P/2006 G1 (McNaught) | McNaught |
| P/2006 H1 (McNaught) | McNaught |
| P/2006 K2 (McNaught) | McNaught |
| P/2007 H1 (McNaught) | McNaught |
| P/2008 J3 (McNaught) | McNaught |
| P/2008 O2 (McNaught) | McNaught |
| P/2008 Y3 (McNaught) | McNaught |
| P/2009 Q5 (McNaught) | McNaught |
| P/2009 S2 (McNaught) | McNaught |
| P/2009 U4 (McNaught) | McNaught |
| P/2010 J5 (McNaught) | McNaught |
| P/2011 L1 (McNaught) | McNaught |
| P/2011 P1 (McNaught) | McNaught |
| P/1994 N2 (McNaught–Hartley) | McNaught i Hartley |
| P/1994 X1 (McNaught–Russell) | McNaught i Russell |
| P/1917 F1 (Mellish) | Mellish |
| P/1997 G1 (Montani) | Montani |
| P/2001 F1 (NEAT) | NEAT |
| P/2001 H5 (NEAT) | NEAT |
| P/2001 M10 (NEAT) | NEAT |
| P/2001 Q6 (NEAT) | NEAT |
| P/2001 Q11 (NEAT) | NEAT (Meyer, en imatges d'arxiu) |
| P/2001 T3 (NEAT) | NEAT |
| P/2002 K4 (NEAT) | NEAT |
| P/2003 E1 (NEAT) | NEAT |
| P/2003 F2 (NEAT) | NEAT |
| P/2003 QX29 (NEAT) | NEAT |
| P/2003 S1 (NEAT) | NEAT |
| P/2003 U3 (NEAT) | NEAT |
| P/2004 F1 (NEAT) | NEAT |
| P/2005 R1 (NEAT) | NEAT |
| P/2002 T6 (NEAT–LINEAR) | NEAT i LINEAR |
| P/2003 SQ215 (NEAT–LONEOS) | NEAT i LONEOS |
| P/2008 Q2 (Ory) | Ory |
| P/2010 T2 (PANSTARRS) | Pan-STARRS 1 |
| P/1827 M1 (Pons–Gambart) | Pons i Gambart |
| P/2005 S3 (Read) | Read (Spacewatch) |
| P/2005 T3 (Read) | Read |
| D/1918 W1 (Schorr) | Schorr |
| P/2003 L1 (Scotti) | Scotti |
| P/2010 C1 (Scotti) | Scotti |
| P/2010 E5 (Scotti) | Scotti |
| P/2010 H4 (Scotti) | Scotti |
| P/2010 H5 (Scotti) | Scotti |
| P/2011 A2 (Scotti) | Scotti |
| D/1993 F2 (Shoemaker–Levy), al principi Shoemaker–Levy 9 | C. Shoemaker, E. Shoemaker i Levy |
| P/2004 V3 (Siding Spring) | Siding Spring Survey |
| P/2006 HR30 (Siding Spring) | Siding Spring Survey |
| P/2006 R1 (Siding Spring) | Siding Spring Survey |
| P/2000 S1 (Skiff) | Skiff |
| P/2004 V1 (Skiff) | Skiff |
| P/2005 S2 (Skiff) | Skiff |
| D/1977 C1 (Skiff-Kosai) | Skiff i Kosai |
| P/1999 R1 = P/2003 R5 = P/2007 R5 (SOHO) | SOHO [27] |
| P/1999 X3 = P/2004 E2 = P/2008 K10 (SOHO) | SOHO [28] |
| P/1997 J6 = P/2001 D1 = P/2004 X7 = P/2008 S2 (SOHO) | SOHO [29] |
| P/1996 X3 = P/2002 S7 = P/2008 N4 (SOHO) | SOHO [30] |
| P/1999 J6 = P/2004 V9 = P/2010 H3 (SOHO) | SOHO [31] |
| P/2000 O3 = P/2005 W4 = P/2011 E1 (SOHO) | SOHO [32] |
| P/2005 JN (Spacewatch) | Spacewatch |
| P/2006 F4 (Spacewatch) | Spacewatch |
| P/2006 XG16 (Spacewatch) | Spacewatch [33] |
| P/2011 JB15 (Spacewatch–Boattini) | Spacewatch i Boattini |
| P/2009 SK280 (Spacewatch–Hill) | Spacewatch i Hill |
| P/2004 DO29 (Spacewatch–LINEAR) | Spacewatch i LINEAR |
| P/2005 T4 (SWAN) | SWAN instrument del satèl·lit SOHO (Matson i Mattiazzo) |
| D/1895 Q1 (Swift) | Swift |
| P/2005 E1 (Tubbiolo) | Tubbiolo |
| P/2010 H2 (Vales) | Vales (Črni Vrh Observatory) |
| P/1942 EA (Väisälä), al principi Väisälä 2 | Väisälä |
| D/1960 S1 (van Houten) | C. van Houten i I. van Houten-Groeneveld[4] |
| P/2002 Q1 (Van Ness) | Van Ness |
| P/1937 D1 (Wilk) | Wilk |
| P/2010 B2 (WISE) | WISE |
| P/2010 D1 (WISE) | WISE |
| P/2010 D2 (WISE) | WISE |
| P/2010 JC81 (WISE) | WISE |
| P/2010 K2 (WISE) | WISE |
| P/2010 N1 (WISE) | WISE |
| P/2010 P4 (WISE) | WISE |
| P/2009 L2 (Yang–Gao) | Yang i Gao |
| P/2007 S1 (Zhao) | Zhao[34] |
| P/2011 N1 | de la Cueva, Ortiz, Santos Sanz i Morales |
| P/2011 NO1 | Elenin i Molotov |
Referències
[modifica]- ↑ «Cometary Designation System».(anglès)
- ↑ «Cometary Designation System».(anglès)
- ↑ http://www.cometography.com/pcomets/96a1.html Arxivat 2010-12-15 a Wayback Machine.
- ↑ Vsekhsvyatsky, S. K. «Comets of 1961–1970». Nauka [Moscow], 1967, p. 25.(anglès)
Enllaços externs
[modifica]- Centre de planetes menors(anglès)
- Cometography.com Cometes periòdics(anglès)
- Catàleg de cometes Seiichi Yoshida(anglès)
- MPC: Dates de les darreres observacions de cometes (periòdics i no periòdics)