Paleobotanika

Fosilni list bukve Fagus sylvatica iz kasnog pliocenaFrancuske, prije oko milion godina

Paleobotanika je grana botanike koja se bavi otkrivanjem i identifikacijom ostataka biljaka iz minulih geoloških epoha i njihovom upotrebom za biološku rekonstrukciju prošlih okruženja (paleogeografija) i evolucijske historije biljaka, sa uticajem na evoluciju života uopće. Sinonim joj je paleofitologija. To je komponenta paleontologije i paleobiologije. Prefiks palaeo– znači „prastari, stari“, ai izveden je iz pridjeva grč. παλαιός – palaios = prastari.

Paleobotanika uključuje proučavanje Embryophyta (fosile, kopnenih biljaka kao i istraživanje prahistorijskih morskih fotoautotrofa, kao što su fotosintetske alge, morske alge ili slatkovodne alge. Usko srodno polje je palinologija, koja uključuje istraživanje fosiliziranih spora i polena.

Primjeri prahistorijskih biljaka su:

• Araucaria mirabilis
• Archaeopteris
• Calamites
• Dillhoffia
• Glossopteris
• Hymenaea protera
• Nelumbo aureavallis
• Pachypteris
• Palaeoraphe
• Peltandra primaeva
• Protosalvinia
• Trochodendron nastae

Najpoznatiji paleobotaničari

• Edward W. Berry (1875–1945), paleoekologija i fitogeografija
• William Gilbert Chaloner (1928–2016)
• Isabel Cookson (1893–1973), rane vaskularne biljke i p* Dianne Edwards (1942–), kolonizacija zemljišta ranim zemaljskim florama
• Thomas Maxwell Harris (1903–1983), mezozojske biljke Jameson Landa (Grenland) i Jorkšir.
• Robert Kidston (1852–1924), ranonikle biljke, dеvоnska i karboniferna flora i njihova upotreba u stratigrafiji
• Ethel Ida Sanborn (1883–1952), izumrla flora Oregona i zapadnih Sjedinjenih Država
• Birbal Sahni (1891–1949), revizija biljaka indijske Gondvane
• Dunkinfield Henry Scott (1854–1934), analiza struktura fosilnih biljaka
• Constantin von Ettingshausen (1826–1897), tercijarna flora
• Kaspar Maria von Sternberg (1761–1838), „otac paleobotanike“
• Franz Unger (1800–1870), pionir u fiziologiji bilja i nauci o zemljištu
• Jack A. Wolfe (1936–2005), tercijarna paleoklima zapadne Severne Amerikej
• Gilbert Arthur Leisman (1924–1996), poznat po radu na karbonifernim likofitima centralne Severne Amerike.

Također pogledajte

• Fosil
• Paleontologija
• Evolucija
• Paleofikologija
• Palinologija

Reference

Preporučena bibliografija

• Brongniart, A. (1822), "Sur la classification et la distribution des végétaux fossiles en général, et sur ceux des terrains de sediment supérieur en particulier", Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., 8: 203–240, 297–348
• Cleal, C.J.; Thomas, B.A. (2010), "Botanical nomenclature and plant fossils", Taxon, 59: 261–268
• Greuter, W.; McNeill, J.; Barrie, F R.; Burdet, H.M.; Demoulin, V.; Filgueiras, T.S.; Nicolson, D.H.; Silva, P.C.; Skog, J.E.; Turland, N.J.; Hawksworth, D.L. (2000), International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Saint Louis Code), Königstein.: Koeltz Scientific Books, ISBN 978-3-904144-22-3
• Jongmans, W.J.; Halle, T.G.; Gothan, W. (1935), Proposed additions to the International Rules of Botanical Nomenclature adopted by the fifth International Botanical Congress Cambridge1930, Heerlen, OCLC 700752855
• Lanjouw, J.; Baehni, C.; Merrill, E.D.; Rickett, H.W.; Robyns, W.; Sprague, T.A.; Stafleu, F.A. (1952), International Code of Botanical Nomenclature: Adopted by the Seventh International Botanical Congress; Stockholm, July 1950, Regnum Vegetabile 3, Utrecht: International Bureau for Plant Taxonomy of the International Association for Plant Taxonomy, OCLC 220069027
• McNeill, J., ured. (2006), International code of botanical nomenclature (Vienna Code) adopted by the seventeenth International Botanical Congress, Vienna, Austria, July 2005 (electronic izd.), Vienna: International Association for Plant Taxonomy, arhivirano s originala, 6. 10. 2012, pristupljeno 20. 2. 2011
• Meyer-Berthaud, Brigitte; Scheckler, S.E.; Wendt, J. (1999), "Archaeopteris is the Earliest Modern Tree", Nature, 398 (6729): 700–701, Bibcode:1999Natur.398..700M, doi:10.1038/19516
• Thomas, H.H. (1935), "Proposed additions to the International Rules of Botanical Nomenclature suggested by British palæobotanists" (PDF), Journal of Botany, 73: 111
• Wellman, Charles H.; Osterloff, Peter L.; Mohiuddin, Uzma (2003), "Fragments of the Earliest Land Plants" (PDF), Nature, 425 (6955): 282–285, Bibcode:2003Natur.425..282W, doi:10.1038/nature01884, PMID 13679913
• Wilson N. Stewart and Gar W. Rothwell. 2010. Paleobotany and the Evolution of Plants, Second edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. ISBN 978-0-521-38294-6.
• Thomas N. Taylor, Edith L. Taylor, and Michael Krings. 2008. Paleobotany: The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants, 2nd edition. Academic Press (an imprint of Elsevier): Burlington, MA; New York, NY; San Diego, CA, USA, London, UK. 1252 pages. ISBN 978-0-12-373972-8.

Vanjski linkovi

• International Organisation of Paleobotany
• Botanical Society of America – Paleobotanical Section Arhivirano 21. 10. 2019. na Wayback Machine
• Paleobotany Research Group, University Münster, Germany
• Fossil Plants At The Chalk Bluff Hydraulic Gold Mine, California
• High Sierra Nevada Fossil Plants, Alpine County, California
• Paleobotanical Field Trip To The Sailor Flat Hydraulic Gold Mine, California
• Fossil Plants Of The Ione Basin, California
• Dinosaur-Age Fossil Leaves At Del Puerto Creek, California
• Fossil Plants At Aldrich Hill, Nevada
• Fossil Leaves And Seeds In West-Central Nevada
• Field Trip To The Copper Basin Flora, Nevada
• Fossil Plants And Insects At Bull Run, Nevada
• Fossil Plants At Buffalo Canyon, Nevada
• Plant Fossils In The Dead Camel Range, Nevada
• The Biota of Early Terrestrial Ecosystems: The Rhynie Chert, University of Aberdeen, UK
• Bibliography of Paleobotany
• The Sternberg Project Arhivirano 10. 10. 2004. na Wayback Machine
• PaleoNet – listservs and links related to paleontology
• Jurassic Park plants Arhivirano 21. 10. 2007. na Wayback Machine Plants that lived when dinosaurs roamed the earth
• Global registry of scientific names of fossil organisms Arhivirano 14. 8. 2020. na Wayback Machine
• Links for Palaeobotanists