John Maynard Keynes

John Maynard Keynes
John Maynard Keynes
Rođenje	5. juni 1883.; Cambridge, Engleska
Smrt	21. april 1946 (62 godine); Firle, Engleska

John Maynard Keynes (5. juni 1883 – 21. april 1946) bio je engleski matematičar i ekonomista. Broji se među najznačajnije ekonomiste uopće. Njegove radikalne ideje i dan danas imaju veliki uticaj na ekonomske i političke teorije. Posebno je zapamćen kao zagovarač vladine politike intervencionisanja, po kojoj bi vlada mogla koristiti fiskalne i monetarne mjere da bi ciljano ublažila efekte ekonomske recesije, depresije i ekspolozije. Mnogi ga smatraju osnivačem moderne makroekonomije.

Djela

Najvažnije Keynesovo djelo je Opća teorija zaposlenosti, kamate i novca (The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money), 1936. U njemu je tvrdio i pokušao da dokaže da slobodan tržišni sistem ne teži ravnoteži, uključujući i punu zaposlenost, već baš neravnotežama izraženim krizama i privrednim ciklusima. Ovom knjigom Kejns je izvršio revoluciju u ekonomskoj nauci, budući da je doveo u pitanje centralnu propoziciju (do)tadašnje makroekonomske teorije. Iz Kejnsove teorije vrlo brzo je izvedena potreba široke državne intervencije, a fiskalne politike prije svega.

Kejnzijanizam je vladao makroekonomskim mišljenjem oko pola vijeka, da bi njegovu dominaciju ugrozila tzv. nova klasična ekonomija 1980-tih godina. Današnji neokejnzijanizam vrlo malo podsjeća na svog utemeljivača.

1909. Skorašnji ekonomski događaji u Indiji ("The Recent Economic Events in India"), EJ
1911. "Principal Averages and Laws of Error which Lead to Them", J of Royal Statis Soc
1911. Uticaj roditeljskog alkoholizma (Influence of Parental Alcoholism"), J of Royal Statis Soc
1911. "Irving Fisher's Purchasing Power of Money", EJ
1912. Jevonsova teorija političke ekonomije (W.S. Jevons's Theory of Political Economy), EJ
1912. "The Foreign Trade of the UK at Prices of 1900", EJ
1913. "J.A. Hobson's Gold, Prices and Wages", EJ
1913. Indian Currency and Finance
1914. "Ludwig von Mises' Theorie des Geldes", EJ
1914. "The Prospects of Money", EJ
1914. "War and the Financial System", EJ
1914. Grad London i Narodna Banka Engleske (The City of London and the Bank of England), QJE
1915. "Walter Bagehot's Works and Life", EJ
1915. "The Economics of War in Germay", EJ
1919. Ekonomske posljedice mira (The Economic Consequences of the Peace)
1920. "Ralph G. Hawtrey's Currency and Credit", EJ
1921. A Treatise on Probability
1922. Revision of the Treaty
1922. "The Inflation of Currency as a Method of Taxation", MGCRE
1923. A Tract on Monetary Reform
1923. "Some Aspects of Commodity Markets", Manchester Guardian
1923. "A Reply to Sir William Beveridge's Population and Unemployment", EJ.
1923. "Population and Unemployment", EJ
1923. "The Measure of Deflation: an inquiry into index numbers", N&A
1923. "Mr. Bonar Law", N&A
1923. Monetarna politika i nezaposlenost (Currency Policy and Unemployment), N&A
1924. "Does Unemployment Need a Drastic Remedy?", N&A
1924. "Edwin Montagu", N&A
1924. "Alfred Marshall, 1842-1924", EJ and Memorials of Alfred Marshall, 1925.
1924. "Monetary Reform", with E. Cannan, Addis and Milner, EJ
1924. "A Comment on Professor Cannan", EJ
1925. "The Gold Standard Act", EJ
1925. "The Balfour Note and Inter-Allied Debts", N&A
1925. The Economic Consequences of Mr. Churchill
1925. A Short View of Russia
1925. "Am I a Liberal?", N&A
1926. The End of Laissez-Faire
1926. "Liberalism and Labour", N&A
1926. Laissez Faire and Communism
1926. "Francis Ysidro Edgeworth", EJ
1926. Trocki o Engleskoj (Trotsky on England), N&A
1927. "A Note on Economy", N&A
1927. "A Model Form for Statements of International Balances", EJ
1927. "The British Balance of Trade", EJ
1928. "The United States Balance of Trade", EJ
1928 "Amalgamation of the British Note Issue", EJ
1928. "Postwar Depression in the Lancashire Cotton Industry", J of Royal Statistical Society
1928. "Lord Oxford", N&A
1928. "The Great Villiers Connection", N&A
1928. Réflexions sur le franc
1928. "The French Stabilisation Law", EJ
1928. "Frederic C. Mills' Behavior of Prices", EJ
1928. "The War Debts", N&A
1929. "A Rejoinder to Ohlin's The Reparation Problem", EJ
1929. Can Lloyd George Do It? with H.D. Henderson
1929. Vinston Čerčil (Winston Churchill), N&A
1930. Rasprava o novcu (A Treatise on Money), u dva toma
1930. "The Industrial Crisis", N&A
1930. "The Great Slump of 1930", N&A
1930. "Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren", N&A and Saturday Evening Post.
1930. "Frank P. Ramsey", EJ and 1931, NSN
1931. "A Rejoinder to D.H. Robertson, EJ
1931. "Spending and Saving", The Listener
1931. "The Problem of Unemployment", The Listener}-
1931. "On the Eve of Gold Suspension", Evening Standard
1931. "The End of the Gold Standard", Sunday Express
1931. "After the Suspension of Gold", Times
1931. "Proposals for a Revenue Tariff", NSN
1931. "Some Consequences of the Economy Report", NSN
1931. Essays in Persuasion
1932. "The World's Economic Outlook", Atlantic Monthly
1932. "The Prospects of the Sterling Exchange", Yale Review
1932. "The Dilemma of Modern Socialism", Political Quarterly
1932. "Member Bank Reserves in the United States", EJ}-
1932. The World's Economic Crisis and the Way of Escape with A. Salter, J. Stamp, B. Blackett, H. Clay and W. Beveridge
1932. "Saving and Usury", EJ
1932. "A Note on the Long-Term Rate of Interest in Relation to the Conversion Scheme", EJ
1933. "A Monetary Theory of Production", in Festschrift für Arthur Spiethoff.
1933. "Mr. Robertson on Saving and Hoarding", EJ
1933. "An Open Letter to President Roosevelt", New York Times
1933. "The Means to Prosperity", Times
1933. "National Self-Sufficiency", Yale Review
1933. "The Multiplier",NSN
1933. Essays in Biography
1933. The Means to Prosperity
1935. "Commemoration of T.R. Malthus", EJ
1935. "The Future of the Foreign Exchange", Lloyds Bank Review
1936. "William Stanley Jevons", JRSS
1936. "Herbert Somerton Foxwell", EJ
1936. "The Supply of Gold", EJ
1936. "Fluctuations in Net Investment in the United States", EJ
1936. Opšta teorija zaposlenosti, kamate i novca (General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money)
1937. "The General Theory of Empoyment", QJE PDF
1937. "Professor Pigou on Money Wages in Relation to Unemployment", with N. Kaldor, EJ
1937. "Alternative Theories of the Rate of Interest", EJ
1937. "The Ex Ante Theory of the Rate of Interest", EJ
1937. "The Theory of the Rate of Interest", in Lessons of Monetary Experience: In honor of Irving Fisher
1937. "Some Economic Consequences of a Declining Population", Eugenics Review
1938. "Comments on Mr. Robertson's `Mr Keynes and Finance'", EJ.
1938. "Storage and Security", NSN.
1938. "The Policy of Government Storage of Foodstuffs and Raw Materials", EJ
1938. "Mr. Keynes's Consumption Function: A reply", QJE - reply to Holden (1938).
1938. "Mr Keynes on the Distribution of Income and the Propensity to Consume: A reply", RES
1938. Adam Smit kao učenik i učitelj (Adam Smith as Student and Professor), EJ
1938. "Introduction to David Hume, An Abstract of a Treatise on Human Nature", with P. Sraffa
1938. "James E. Meade's Consumers' Credits and Unemployment", EJ
1939. "The Process of Capital Formation", EJ
1939. "Professor Tinbergen's Method", EJ
1939. "Relative Movements of Real Wages and Output", EJ
1939. "The Income and Fiscal Potential of Great Britain", EJ
1940. "The Concept of National Income: Supplementary note", EJ
1940. How to Pay for the War: A radical plan for the Chancellor of the Exchequer
1943. "The Objective of International Price Stability", EJ.
1944. "Mary Paley Marshall", EJ
1946. "The Balance of Payments of the United States", EJ
1947. "Newton the Man", Newton Tercentenary Celebrations

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