Janaki asal-mulanya gasan Haji

'''Haji''' ({{IPAc-en|h|æ|dʒ}};<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/hajj "Hajj"]. ''[[Random House Webster's Unabridgead Dictionary]]''.</ref> {{lang-ar|{{large|حج|}}}} ''{{transl|ar|DIN|Ḥaǧǧ}}'' "[[wikt:ziarah|ziarah]]") adalah jiarah Islam tahunan ka [[Mekkah]], kuta suci umat [[Islam]], wan kawajipan gasan umat Islam nang musti digawi paling kada sakali saumur hidup bubuhannya ulih sabarataan urang Muslim tuha nang sacara awak wan kaduitan kuat manggawi pajalanan, wan kawa mandukung kulawarga bubuhannya salawas kakadahadiran bubuhannya.<ref name=Marshall86>{{cite book |last=Long |first=Matthew |title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA86 |access-date=2 September 2014 |year=2011 |publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0 |page=86}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Nigosian |first=S. A. |title= Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=my7hnALd_NkC&pg=PA110|year=2004 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=[[Indiana]] |isbn= 0-253-21627-3 |page=110}}</ref><ref>[http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/traditions/islam Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs - Islam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002114437/http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/traditions/islam |date=2011-10-02 }} See drop-down essay on "Islamic Practices"</ref> Ngini adalah sabuting matan [[Rukun Islam|lima Rukun Islam]], suwalih [[Sahadat]], [[Sambahyang]], [[Jakat]], wan [[Saum|Puasa]]. Haji adalah padapatan tahunan pangganalnya urang-urang di dunia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Mosher |first=Lucinda |title=Praying: The Rituals of Faith |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2b7fmfvpYZYC&pg=PA155 |access-date=18 September 2014 |year=2005 |publisher=Church Publishing, Inc. |isbn=9781596270169 |page=155}}</ref><ref name="time 2013"/> Kaadaan nang sacara awak wan kaduitan sanggup manggawi ibadah haji disambat ''istitaah'', wan saikung Muslim nang mahibaki sarat ngini disambat ''mustati''. Haji adalah dimunstrasi sulidaritas urang-urang Muslim, wan katundukan bubuhannya ka [[Tuhan]] ([[Allah]]).<ref name=Nigosian111/><ref>{{cite book |last=Hooker |first=M. B. |title=Indonesian Syariah: Defining a National School of Islamic Law |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-a1k57q6GmwC&pg=PT252 |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2008 |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |isbn=9789812308023 |page=228}}</ref> Kata Haji baarti "baniat manggawi pajalanan", nang bamaksut baik tindakan luar matan pajalanan wan tindakan ka dalam niat.<ref name=Adelowo395>{{cite book | editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA395 |year=2014 |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |location=Ibadan |isbn=9789780814472 |page=395}}</ref>

Jiarah tajadi matan tanggal 8 sampai 12 (atawa dalam babarapa kasus ka-13 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hajjpracticalities.heliohost.org/sixdayshajj/13th_of_zil_hajj.html|title=13th of Zil Hajj|work=heliohost.org|access-date=2017-04-22|archive-date=2019-10-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028105128/http://www.hajjpracticalities.heliohost.org/sixdayshajj/13th_of_zil_hajj.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>) matan [[Julhajjah]], bulan pauncitan almanak Islam. Marga [[almanak Islam]] adalah bulan wan tahun Islam kikira sawalas hari tahandap daripada [[almanak Gregorian]], tanggal haji Gregorian baubah matan tahun ka tahun. Hram adalah ngaran nang dibariakan ka kaadaan spiritual husus di mana pajiarah mamuruk dua halai kain putih halus wan manjauhakan diri matan tindakan macam-macam.<ref name=Nigosian111/><ref name="EB-ihram">{{cite encyclopedia |url= http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/282481/ihram |title=ihram |date=2014 |work= Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=6 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hajj.org.au/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29&Itemid=53 |title=Ihram - Summary |work=Hajj Portal |access-date=20 November 2013 |archive-date=2008-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080721005117/http://www.hajj.org.au/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29&Itemid=53 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>

Haji dikaitakan lawan kahidupan nabi Islam [[Muhammad]] matan abat ka-7, tagal ritual jiarah ka Mekkah dianggap ulih umat Islam gasan mahalatakan ribuan tahun sampai Ibrahim. Salawas haji, pajiarah bagabung dalam parusisi ratusan ribu urang, nang sacara baimbaian bakumpul di Mekkah selama minggu haji, dan melakukan serangkaian ritual: setiap orang [[tawaf|berjalan berlawanan arah jarum jam tujuh kali]] di sekitar [[Ka'bah]] (berbentuk kubus Bangunan dan arah doa untuk kaum Muslim), berjalan bolak-balik antara bukit-bukit [[Shofa dan Marwah|Al-Safa dan Al-Marwah]], minuman dari Sumur [[Zamzam]], sampai ke dataran [[Arafah|Gunung Arafah]] untuk berjaga-jaga, menghabiskan satu malam di Dataran [[Muzdalifah]], dan melakukan rajam simbolis iblis dengan [[lempar jumrah|melemparkan batu]] ke tiga pilar. Para peziarah kemudian mencukur kepala mereka, melakukan [[kurban (Islam)|ritual pengorbanan hewan]], dan merayakan festival global tiga hari [[Idul Adha]].<ref name=armstrong>{{cite book |title=Islam: A Short History |url=https://archive.org/details/islamshorthistor00arms_131 |author=Karen Armstrong |series=Modern Library Chronicles |publisher=Modern Library |edition=Revised Updated |year=2002 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/islamshorthistor00arms_131/page/n24 10]–12 |isbn=0-8129-6618-X}}</ref><ref name=ngeo>{{cite news |title=Inside Makkah |format=video documentary |publisher=[[National Geographic Society]] |year=2003 |author=Anisa Mehdi |author2=John Bredar}}</ref><ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/holydays/eiduladha.shtml |title=Eid ul Adha |date=7 September 2009 |publisher=BBC |access-date=30 December 2012}}</ref><ref>Sahih Bukhari-hadith No-732-733</ref>

Jamaah haji juga bisa pergi ke [[Mekkah]] untuk melakukan ritual di lain waktu sepanjang tahun. Ini kadang disebut "ziarah yang lebih rendah", atau [[Umrah]].<ref name="RT-2016"/> Namun, biarpun mereka memilih untuk melakukan umrah, mereka masih diwajibkan untuk melakukan ibadah haji di lain waktu dalam hidup mereka jika mereka memiliki sarana untuk melakukannya, karena Umrah bukan pengganti haji.<ref>{{cite book |editor=Matt Stefon|title=Islamic Beliefs and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr00stef_385|publisher=[[Britannica Educational Publishing]] |year=2010 |location=[[New York City|New York]] |isbn=978-1-61530-060-0|page=[https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr00stef_385/page/n72 73]}}</ref>
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== Bibliografi ==
* {{cite book|last=Bianchi|first=Robert R.|year=2004|title=Guests of God: Pilgrimage and Politics in the Islamic World|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-517107-5}}
* {{cite book|last=Hammoudi|first=Abdellah|year=2006|title=A Season in Mecca: Narrative of a Pilgrimage|publisher=Hill and Wang|isbn=978-0-8090-7609-3|author-link=Abdellah Hammoudi|url=https://archive.org/details/seasoninmeccanar00hamm}}
* Khan, Qaisra, "Hajj & 'Umra", in ''Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God'' (2 vols.), edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014, Vol. I, pp.&nbsp;239–245.
* {{cite book|last=Patler|first=Nicholas|title=From Mecca to Selma: Malcolm X, Islam, and the Journey tnto the American Civil Rights Movement|year=2017|publisher=The Islamic Monthly|url=http://theislamicmonthly.com/mecca-to-selma/|access-date=2022-12-30|archive-date=2022-12-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230082856/https://www.theislamicmonthly.com/mecca-to-selma/|dead-url=yes}}
* {{cite book|last=Trojanow|first=Ilija|year=2007|title=Mumbai to Mecca: A Pilgrimage to the Holy Sites of Islam|publisher=Haus Publishing|isbn=978-1-904950-29-5|author-link=Ilija Trojanow}}

== Rujukan ==
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