login

Year-end appeal: Please make a donation to the OEIS Foundation to support ongoing development and maintenance of the OEIS. We are now in our 61st year, we have over 378,000 sequences, and we’ve reached 11,000 citations (which often say “discovered thanks to the OEIS”).

A337805
Lazy Beaver Problem: a(n) is the smallest positive number of steps a(n) such that no n-state Turing machine halts in exactly a(n) steps on an initially blank tape.
0
2, 7, 22, 72, 427
OFFSET
1,1
COMMENTS
This sequence and the Busy Beaver (A028444) problem are closely related. Turing machines and the number of steps taken by a Turing machine on an initially blank tape are defined in A028444.
This sequence is computable, while the Busy Beaver problem is noncomputable.
a(n) - 1 <= BB(n), where BB(n) = A028444(n).
a(n) - 1 <= (4n+1)^(2n), the number of n-state Turing machines with 2 symbols, by the pigeonhole principle. (4n+1)^(2n) is nearly A141475 (slightly different formalisms are used).
LINKS
Scott Aaronson, The Busy Beaver Frontier, 2020.
Scott Aaronson, The Busy Beaver Frontier (blog post)
EXAMPLE
For n = 2, there exist 2-state Turing machines which halt in exactly {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} steps (and for no other number of steps) given an initially empty input tape. a(2) = 7 is defined as the lowest positive integer not present in that set of possible step lengths.
CROSSREFS
Known upper bounds of a(n) - 1 are A028444, A004147, and A141475.
Sequence in context: A292230 A162770 A116387 * A294006 A322573 A294007
KEYWORD
nonn,more
AUTHOR
Zachary Vance, Sep 23 2020
STATUS
approved