OFFSET
0,6
COMMENTS
This comment covers a family of sequences which satisfy a recurrence of the form a(n) = a(n-1) + a(n-m), with a(n) = 1 for n = 0..m-1. The generating function is 1/(1-x-x^m). Also a(n) = Sum_{i=0..n/m} binomial(n-(m-1)*i, i). This family of binomial summations or recurrences gives the number of ways to cover (without overlapping) a linear lattice of n sites with molecules that are m sites wide. Special case: m=1: A000079; m=4: A003269; m=5: A003520; m=6: A005708; m=7: A005709; m=8: A005710.
Also counts ordered partitions such that no part is less than 5. For example, a(12) = a(11) + a(7) where a(7) counts 11,6+5 and 5+6 and a(11) counts 15,10+5, 9+6,8+7,7+8,6+9,5+10 and 5+5+5. Thus a(12) = 3 + 8 = 11. a(12) counts 16,11+5,10+6,9+7,8+8,7+9,6+10 and 6+5+5 but also 5+11,5+6+5 and 5+5+6. Similar results hold for the other sequences formed by a(n) = a(n-1) + a(n-k). - Alford Arnold, Aug 06 2003
Number of compositions of n into parts 1 and 5. - Joerg Arndt, Jun 25 2011
The compositions of n in which each natural number is colored by one of p different colors are called p-colored compositions of n. For n>=5, 2*a(n-5) equals the number of 2-colored compositions of n with all parts >= 5, such that no adjacent parts have the same color. - Milan Janjic, Nov 27 2011
a(n+4) equals the number of binary words of length n having at least 4 zeros between every two successive ones. - Milan Janjic, Feb 07 2015
Number of tilings of a 5 X n rectangle with 5 X 1 pentominoes. - M. Poyraz Torcuk, Mar 26 2022
REFERENCES
A. Brousseau, Fibonacci and Related Number Theoretic Tables. Fibonacci Association, San Jose, CA, 1972, p. 119.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
LINKS
T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n=0..500
Jarib R. Acosta, Yadira Caicedo, Juan P. Poveda, José L. Ramírez, and Mark Shattuck, Some New Restricted n-Color Composition Functions, J. Int. Seq., Vol. 22 (2019), Article 19.6.4.
Mudit Aggarwal and Samrith Ram, Generating Functions for Straight Polyomino Tilings of Narrow Rectangles, J. Int. Seq., Vol. 26 (2023), Article 23.1.4.
Michael A. Allen, On a Two-Parameter Family of Generalizations of Pascal's Triangle, arXiv:2209.01377 [math.CO], 2022.
Michael A. Allen, Connections between Combinations Without Specified Separations and Strongly Restricted Permutations, Compositions, and Bit Strings, arXiv:2409.00624 [math.CO], 2024. See pp. 18, 22.
Roland Bacher, On the number of perfect lattices, arXiv:1704.02234 [math.NT], 2017. See Section 6.
D. Birmajer, J. B. Gil, and M. D. Weiner, On the Enumeration of Restricted Words over a Finite Alphabet, J. Int. Seq. 19 (2016) # 16.1.3, Example 9.
Bruce M. Boman, Geometric Capitulum Patterns Based on Fibonacci p-Proportions, Fibonacci Quart. 58 (2020), no. 5, 91-102.
Bruce M. Boman, Thien-Nam Dinh, Keith Decker, Brooks Emerick, Christopher Raymond, and Gilberto Schleinger, Why do Fibonacci numbers appear in patterns of growth in nature?, in Fibonacci Quarterly, 55(5): pp 30-41, (2017).
P. Chinn and S. Heubach, (1, k)-compositions, Congr. Numer. 164 (2003), 183-194. [Local copy]
E. Di Cera and Y. Kong, Theory of multivalent binding in one and two-dimensional lattices, Biophysical Chemistry, Vol. 61 (1996), pp. 107-124.
I. M. Gessel and Ji Li, Compositions and Fibonacci identities, J. Int. Seq. 16 (2013) 13.4.5
V. C. Harris and C. C. Styles, A generalization of Fibonacci numbers, Fib. Quart. 2 (1964) 277-289, sequence u(n,4,1).
V. E. Hoggatt, Jr., 7-page typed letter to N. J. A. Sloane with suggestions for new sequences, circa 1977.
Brian Hopkins and Hua Wang, Restricted Color n-color Compositions, arXiv:2003.05291 [math.CO], 2020.
INRIA Algorithms Project, Encyclopedia of Combinatorial Structures 378
T. G. Lewis, B. J. Smith and M. Z. Smith, Fibonacci sequences and money management, Fib. Quart., 14 (1976), 37-41.
Sergey Kirgizov, Q-bonacci words and numbers, arXiv:2201.00782 [math.CO], 2022.
R. J. Mathar, Paving rectangular regions with rectangular tiles: Tatami and Non-Tatami Tilings, arXiv:1311.6135 [math.CO], 2013, Table 33.
R. J. Mathar, Tiling n x m rectangles with 1 x 1 and s x s squares, arXiv:1609.03964 [math.CO] (2016), Section 4.4.
Augustine O. Munagi, Integer Compositions and Higher-Order Conjugation, J. Int. Seq., Vol. 21 (2018), Article 18.8.5.
Denis Neiter and Amsha Proag, Links Between Sums Over Paths in Bernoulli's Triangles and the Fibonacci Numbers, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 19 (2016), Article 16.8.3.
Simon Plouffe, Approximations de séries génératrices et quelques conjectures, Dissertation, Université du Québec à Montréal, 1992; arXiv:0911.4975 [math.NT], 2009.
Simon Plouffe, 1031 Generating Functions, Appendix to Thesis, Montreal, 1992
E. Wilson, The Scales of Mt. Meru
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (1,0,0,0,1)
FORMULA
G.f.: 1/(1-x-x^5) = 1/((1-x+x^2)(1-x^2-x^3)).
a(n) = Sum_{j=0..(n-1)/4} binomial(n-1+(-4)*j,j).
For n>5, a(n) = floor( d*c^n + 1/2) where c is the positive real root of x^5-x^4-1 and d is the positive real root of 161*x^3-23*x^2-12*x-1 ( c=1.32471795724474602... and d=0.3811571478326847...) - Benoit Cloitre, Nov 30 2002
a(n) = term (1,1) in the 5 X 5 matrix [1,1,0,0,0; 0,0,1,0,0; 0,0,0,1,0; 0,0,0,0,1; 1,0,0,0,0]^n. - Alois P. Heinz, Jul 27 2008
For positive integers n and k such that k <= n <= 5*k, and 4 divides n-k, define c(n,k) = binomial(k,(n-k)/4), and c(n,k)=0, otherwise. Then, for n >= 1, a(n) = sum(c(n,k), k=1..n). - Milan Janjic, Dec 09 2011
Apparently a(n) = hypergeometric([-1/5*n, 1/5-1/5*n, 2/5-1/5*n, 3/5-1/5*n, 4/5-1/5*n], [-1/4*n, 1/4-1/4*n, 1/2-1/4*n, 3/4-1/4*n], -5^5/4^4) for n>=16. - Peter Luschny, Sep 18 2014
7*a(n) = A117373(n+4) +5*b(n) +4*b(n-1) +b(n-2) where b(n) = A182097(n). - R. J. Mathar, Aug 07 2017
MAPLE
a[0]:=1:a[1]:=1:a[2]:=1:a[3]:=1:a[4]:=1:for n from 5 to 60 do a[n]:=a[n-1]+a[n-5] od:seq(a[n], n=0..60);
with(combstruct): SeqSetU := [S, {S=Sequence(U), U=Set(Z, card > 4)}, unlabeled]: seq(count(SeqSetU, size=j), j=5..55); # Zerinvary Lajos, Oct 10 2006
A003520:=-1/(z**3+z**2-1)/(z**2-z+1); # Simon Plouffe in his 1992 dissertation
ZL:=[S, {a = Atom, b = Atom, S = Prod(X, Sequence(Prod(X, b))), X = Sequence(b, card >= 4)}, unlabelled]: seq(combstruct[count](ZL, size=n), n=4..54); # Zerinvary Lajos, Mar 26 2008
M := Matrix(5, (i, j)-> if j=1 then [1, 0, 0, 0, 1][i] elif (i=j-1) then 1 else 0 fi); a:= n-> (M^(n))[1, 1]: seq(a(n), n=0..50); # Alois P. Heinz, Jul 27 2008
MATHEMATICA
a[0] = a[1] = a[2] = a[3] = a[4] = 1; a[n_] := a[n] = a[n - 1] + a[n - 5]; Table[ a[n], {n, 0, 49}] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Dec 09 2004 *)
CoefficientList[Series[1/(1 - x - x^5), {x, 0, 51}], x] (* Zerinvary Lajos, Mar 29 2007 *)
LinearRecurrence[{1, 0, 0, 0, 1}, {1, 1, 1, 1, 1}, 80] (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Feb 16 2012 *)
nxt[{a_, b_, c_, d_, e_}]:={b, c, d, e, e+a}; NestList[nxt, {1, 1, 1, 1, 1}, 50][[;; , 1]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Sep 27 2023 *)
PROG
(Maxima) a(n):=sum(binomial(n-1+(-4)*j, j), j, 0, (n-1)/4); /* Vladimir Kruchinin, May 23 2011 */
(PARI) my(x='x+O('x^66)); Vec(x/(1-(x+x^5))) /* Joerg Arndt, Jun 25 2011 */
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
nonn,easy
AUTHOR
EXTENSIONS
Additional comments from Yong Kong (ykong(AT)curagen.com), Dec 16 2000
STATUS
approved