å¦çã®åè¬æ 度ã®ã ããã¶ãã«åãæã¦ã¦ãã¾ã£ã¦ããã大å¦ã§æéãã¨ãæ°ã失ããã»ã©ãããï¼ä¼èï¼ã
ãããã«ãè¬ç¾©ä¸ã«ç§èªããå¦çã¯ããããå± ç ããã¦ããå¦çããããå¾è ã¯ä»ã®åè¬çã®éªéããã¦ããªãã¶ãåè ã«æ¯ã¹ãã°ã©ãã¨ãããã¨ããªãã¯ãã ã¨æãã®ã ããä½æéãããã¦è¬ç¾©ãã¼ããé å¸è³æãæºåããæ師ã®å´ããããã°è¨±ããããåè¬æ 度ã¨æ ãã®ãããããªããæããå´ã«ã¨ã£ã¦èªåãæãã¦ããå 容ãæãã価å¤ã¨ããã®ã¯èªæã§ããããããã«ä¾¡å¤ãè¦åºããªãï¼ãã«è¦ããï¼å¦çã®å§¿ã¯è¨±å®¹ãããããã®ã«éããªãã
......ãªã©ã¨ããã£ã風ã«æ¸ãã¦ã¿ãããæ£ç´ã«è¨ãã¨ãããããæ師ã®çºæ³ã¨ããã®ã¯ç§ã«ã¯ã¡ãã£ã¨ããããããªããããªãã¯è¬ç¾©ä¸ã«å± ç ããããã¨ããªãã®ããããã¨ããã°ã©ã®ãããªè¬ç¾©ã®æã«ããã ã£ãããã¨åãã¦ã¿ããæ°ãããã
ãããç§èªã¯æ師ã¨ãã¦ã¯å°ããçå£ã«è¬ç¾©ãèããã¨ãã¦ããå¦çã«è¿·æã¨ãªããç³ã訳ãªãããã ï¼ããã¦çå£ã«è¬ç¾©ãèããã¨ãã¦ããå¦çãçç¡ãªã©ã¨ããè¬ç¾©ã¯çç¡ã§ããï¼ãã ããè¬ç¾©ã®ååã«ã¯ç§èªï¼ãä¸å¿ã¨ãã¦ã±ã¼ã¿ã¤ã§ã®ãé話ããè¬ç¾©æéä¸ã®ãé£äºãï¼âåãã¨é³ãåé¡ï¼ãªã©ãããè¦ããã«å¨å²ã¸ã®è¿·æè¡çºï¼ã ãã¯å³ç¦ãã¨ããå¥ç´ã交ããããã以å¤ââã¤ã¾ãå¨å²ã«è¿·æãããããªãè¡çºââã§ããã°ã好ãã«ã©ããï¼ãã£ã¨ãããããªãã¨è¨ãã¾ã§ããªãã¿ããªè¬ç¾©ä¸ã«é£ã£ãã飲ãã ããªã©ããªããå½ããåã ããããªã·ã¼ãæ確åããããã®ã¬ããªãã¯ã ï¼ããããåæã«ãæ師ã§ããç§ã«ã¯ç§èªããæ°ããèµ·ããªããããªè³ªã®é«ãè¬ç¾©ãç®æãã¨ããåªå義åã課ãããããªãæ¹ã¯ãããè©ä¾¡ããæ©ä¼ããã¤ããã®è©ä¾¡ã®å¥æ©ãååã«ããã¨ã¯ãããªããããããã¾ã£ãããªãããã§ã¯ãªããã¨ã
ä»ã¯ãããªããã¨ãã¯ãã¦ããªãããã®å¿ è¦ããªãããã ã以åã¯å°ãéã£ããç§ãä»ä»¥ä¸ã«æªçãªæ師ã§ãã£ãã¨ãããã¨ã§ããããã¡ããä»ã§ãååæªçã§ããï¼èªæ ¢ãããã¨ã§ã¯ãªãï¼ãã¤ããã®éãä¹ ãã¶ãã«ãã£ã¦ãã¾ã£ãã¨ããã ãå¦çã®åè¬æ 度ã«çãã¦ãã¾ã£ã¦ææ¥æºåã®æ¨æ²ãçãã£ãã大åçã§ããã
大å¦æ師ã«ãªã£ãæåã®å¹´ãç§èªãããããã£ãããããããããæããã£ããæãå·®ããªããªãç¶æ³ã«ç½®ãããã©ããã£ã¦ææ¥éå§æã®å§é¨ãã10åããããã«ææ¥ç§©åºã®ç¢ºç«ã¾ã§ãã£ã¦ãããã¨ãã課é¡ã®å æã«èº«å½ãè³ããï¼å¤§ããªãèªå¼µï¼ã
ææ¥ãæç«ããã¨æã£ã¦ããå¦çã®éä¸ããã£ã¨å¼ãã¤ãã¦ããããªããªãã¨ãç§èªããå¦çãã§ã¦ããããã®å ´åãã©ããã¦ã注æããããå¾ãªãããããã éãã«ããªãããããã¹ããããã¨ããããªãæ室ã®å¤ã«åºã¦ããã¹ããªãããä»ã®åè¬çã®éªéã«ãªããªããã°æ室ããã®éåºã¯ããªãããã®èªç±ã§ããããã¹ããããªãéåºããªãããã
ç§ã®è¬ç¾©ã®å ´åã女æ§ã®å¦çã§ãããã¨ãå¤ãã£ããå°ãæ¨ãããããªç®ã§ç§ãåè¦ãããã¨ãè¦ç·ããã¼ãã«è½ã¨ããï¼ãã°ããï¼é»ããéåºããæ°ã¯ãªãããã ããäºããæ°ã¾ãããããããå¦çã¯æ¯æéããã®æã®ããã¨ããããããå¾ãªãã常é£ãããã¨ãããã¤ã ã
ã§ãããæ¥ããã¤ãç§èªããããããæ師ã¨ãã¦ã¯æ³¨æããããªãã¹ãã¬ã¹ããã£ã¨æãã¦ãããã女åå¦çããè¬ç¾©çµäºå¾ã®ããã®ãããªç²å´æã«ã¾ã¿ããæå£ã®ç§ã®ã¨ããã¾ã§é§ãå¯ã£ã¦å¬ãããã«èªã£ãã
ãå çãä»æ¥ãããæå¾ã¾ã§ç§èªããªãã§ææ¥èãã¾ããï½ãã
ããããããã ã£ããããããããªï½ï½ãã
ãä»æ¥ã®ãé£ããã£ããã©ãä»æ¥ã®ã¯æå¾ã¾ã§ããã°ããï½ï½ï½ãã
ãã¤ã大äºãªãã¨ã話ããã¦ããããªææ¥ã ãã¨ã¯æã£ã¦ããã¦ãããããï¼ããããããã¨ã ï¼ãã§ãéä¸ã§ããããªããªããã©ããã¦ãã¤ãã¦ãããªããªããå¨ããè¦ããèªå以å¤ã¯ããã£ã¦ããããªé¢¨ã«è¦ããããªã«ãã¨ãæããæãããã ããããæ ããªããã ããããã¤ã¾ããªããã ãããããããã¯ããã®ãããªææ ãæ±ããããã®ææ¥ããã®æ師ã«å¯¾ããæµæï¼ï¼ï¼ã ããããããã¯ããããªãï¼æ¬äººã表ç¾ã§ããªãï¼ââé£ã®åã«ã¡ãã£ã¨è©±ãããã¦ã¿ããé£ã®åãå¿ãã¦ããããã®åãã¡ããã©ãã¤ããªã£ã¦ããã¨ããã ã£ãã®ã ãããããããªãããã ãããããããããªãã
å¦æ³ãç¶ããã
ã§ãä»æ¥ã®ã¯ãªãã¨ãªãã¯ããã£ãããã ãã ããæå¾ã¾ã§ããã°ã£ã¦ã¤ãã¦ãã£ããã ããã ãã ããä»æ¥ã¯æå¾ã¾ã§ãèãããã®ã ããã®ãããããããå çã®ææ¥ã¯ç§èªããããªããã ãããââããæ¯åç§èªãã¦ããã®ã ãï½
ç§ã¯ãã®æ¥ãå¦ãã ãç§èªããå¦çã®ãªãã«ãç§èªãã¦ãã¾ãèªåãå«æªãã¦ããå¦çããããã ãªãã¨ãããã¨ãããããèªåãå æãããã¨æã£ã¦ããå¦çããããã ãªãã¨ãããã¨ããããããã¨ãå¦ãã ãããã¦ãç§èªãã¦ãå¦çã®ãã¡ã©ã®å¦çãããæã£ã¦ãããã¯ãå¤ããè¦ã¦ãããããªããå°ãªãã¨ãç§ã«ã¯çµ¶å¯¾ã«è¦åããã¤ããªããã¨ãããã¨ãå¦ãã ãæ師ã¨ãã¦ã®ãããããªé²æ©ã
ãã¯ãä¸å¹´ç®ã®å¥ã®æ¥ã
æçµè©ä¾¡è©¦é¨ã®ç£ç£ããã¦ããããã¡ããèªåã®è¬ç¾©ã®ãã§ãããåé¡ã¯åã°ãããè«è¿°å¼çè¨è©¦é¨ãä»äººã®ãã¼ãã®ã³ãã¼ä»¥å¤ã¯ãªãã§ãæã¡è¾¼ã¿å¯ã試é¨æéã¯90åã試é¨éå§å¾60åçµã£ããçæ¡æåºï¼æ室éåºãèªãã¦ããã
ããç·åå¦çã試é¨éå§å¾20åã»ã©ã§çãç½®ããæºã«çªã£ä¼ãã¦å¯å§ããããï¼ ãªããããã£ã¤ãå¯ã¦ãããæ室å å·¡è¦ãè£ ã£ã¦ããã®å¦çã®çæ¡ç¨ç´ãè¦ãã¦ã¿ããå ¨ç¶æ¸ãã¦ãªããã§ããã©ããã£ã¡ã®ã»ããããããããã大ä¸å¤«ããæéãªããªãããåä½è½ã¨ããªãå¿ ä¿®ãªãã ãããã§ãå ¨ç¶èµ·ããªããã¾ã£ããèµ·ããªãããã®ã¾ã¾30åãããçµã£ããããããã®å¦çã¯ããåä½ããããããã ãªãææ¥ã«ãã£ã¨åºã¦ããã©ãããæªããã試é¨ã ãåãã¦ã¿ã¦åä½ããããå²ããããã£ã¦ããä¾ã®ãã¤ããè¦ãæãããããªé¢¨è²ï¼ã©ããªé¢¨è²ï¼ï¼ã§ãããã
ããã30åãããçµã¤ã¨ããã£ããèµ·ãããç®ã¯å è¡ãã¦ãããé¡ããªããè «ãã¦ãããã§ã2ã3度強ãç®ãããã£ããã¨ãå½¼ã¯çæ¡ä½æãåéããããã®ãã¨æéãã£ã±ãã¾ã§åçãç¶ããããã¨ã§ããã£ãã®ã ããå½¼ã¯ææ¥ã«ãã£ã¨åºã¦ããå¦çã ã£ãï¼ãããã£ã¨ã¯è¨ãéãã ããããããã¾ãã¾ããã ï¼ã
ããããå¦çã£ã¦çµæ§ãããã ãç§ã¯å¤§å¦æ師ã«ãªãã¾ã§èªåã®å¨å²ã«ãããªè¡åãã¿ã¼ã³ã示ã人éãããªãã£ãã試é¨ã®éä¸ã§ãã£ã¤ãä¸åä¼ãã§è±æ°é¤ã£ã¦ããããã°ãã¾ãã¿ã¤ããã¯ããªãã£ãã試é¨æéã¯å¶éããããç®ãã£ã±ã使ãããããã¦ä¸ç¹ã§ãå¤ã奪ãåããã¨ããã®ã試é¨ã«è¨ãå½ç¶ã®æ 度ã ã¨ä¿¡ãã¦çã£ã¦ããªãã£ããã§ãããããããã¨ããã¤ãããªãã¨ããåççãã¨ããããã§ã¯ãªãããã¨ãã°ã試é¨ã®åæ¥ãå¤é ãã¾ã§ã¢ã«ãã¤ããããªãã¦ã¯ãªããªãå¦çã«ã¨ã£ã¦ã¯ãç¡ç ä¸è¶³ãé å»ã»æ¬ å¸ããããã«ã¯ãããªãã試é¨ãå§ã¾ããé ãåããªããã©ããããââã¡ãã£ã¨ä»®ç ã¨ã£ã¦é ãªãã¬ãã·ã¥ãã¦ããæ¬æ°åºããããããããåååççã§ããã
ãã®ã¿ã¤ãã¯æç¶ç·æ§ã«å¤ãã£ãã試ãã«è¨ãã¦ã¿ããã¨ããããæ¨æ¥ã®å¤ä½ãã¦ããã¨å°ããã¨ãããã¦ããã¤ãã ã£ããããããããçµæ¸çã«ã¯è©¦é¨åæ¥ã¾ã§ãã¤ããå ¥ããå¿ ç¶æ§ã¯èãã£ããããããªããããã§ããã®ã«ãããããªãã£ããã¨ã«ããªã«ãã¨ãã®ãæ¬ è½ããè¦åºããã¨ã¯ã§ããªãããªããã§ããçµæ¸çã«ä¸æ¥ã§ãå¤ãåããããå¾ãªãå¦çãããããã®åºå¥ãå¤ããè¦ã¦ç§ã«å¤æå¯è½ã ã¨ã¯æããªãã
ããã«ã
æ師ã«ã¨ã£ã¦ã®è©¦é¨ã¯ããã®æ¥ãä¸æ¥ãã ããããããªãããå¦çã«ã¨ã£ã¦ã¯ãä¸é±éãç¶ãããä¸é±éãããããã®éãã£ã¨ãã¤ããä¼ãã®ããä¼ããã®ããåå ¥çã«ãè·å ´çã«ãä¸é±éãä¼ãã§ã¯ãã«ãªã£ããããªãã®ãï¼âããªãããã¦ã¯ãªããªããããåãããã§ãã¤ãå§ãã¦çµæ§çµã£ã¦ããªããããããæ³å¾ãããããï¼ããã®ã ï¼ââã§ãå¦çãããæããããã¯ã¾ãå¥åé¡ã ï¼ãè·å ´ã§ãä¸è©±ã«ãªã£ã¦ã人ã«ããã£ãããã§ãå°ããªãããã¨è¨ããã¦æããã®ãã
ã¤ãã§ã«è¨ããã
ç§ã¯ãéã®ãã家åºèº«ã®äººã§ã¯ãªãã£ãã®ã§ï¼å¦é¨ã»å¤§å¦é¢ã¨ãææ¥æã¯å ¨é¡å é¤ãã¦ããã£ããå ¥å¦éã¯åé¡å é¤ãã¦ããã£ã âãããã¨ããããã¾ãå ¨å½ã®ç´ç¨è ã®ã¿ãªãã¾ãããã¦å é¤å¶åº¦ãä½ã£ã¦ãããå 人ãã¡ï¼ãå¦çã»é¢çæ代ã¯ãã³ããªãåããã親ã¸ã®ä»éãï¼ã¨ããã»ã©ã®é¡ã§ã¯ãªããï¼ãç活費ã«å ãã¦ã親ã«ä¸ãä¸ã®ãã¨ããã£ãã¨ãã®èãã欲ããã£ãã貯ãããªãã£ãã®ã ããã§ã«ç¶è¦ªã¯ããªãã£ããæ¯è¦ªãåããã¨ãã«è¦ªåããã¨ãçãåãã«ãªãã®ãæãã£ãã親ãåãããä½ã家ã失ãããªãã¿ãããªããã®ææãç¥ããªã人éã«ããããªã«ãã¤ããããã¨ããªãã ããã試é¨ã®åæ¥ãããç¿æ¥ã«åãã¦ä¼ãã§ãããã®ã ããªã©ã¨è¨³ç¥ãé¡ã§è¨ãããããªããããããæåè³æ¬ã®æ¬ è½ããªãã¦è¨èã§èª¬æããããããªãã
ãã®é ãã¤ãã«è²»ããæéã®3åã®1ã§ãå¦åã«å²ãã¦ãããªããä»ã¨ã¯éã£ãã¢ã«ãããã¯ã»ãã£ãªã¢ã辿ã£ãã®ãããããªãã¨å¤¢æ³ãããã¨ããããã§ãããä¸åº¦ãã®é ã«æ»ããã¨ãã¦ããç§ã¯ãã¯ãåãã ãããã ããç§ã¯ã空ãã¦ããæ¥ããã¹ã¦ãã¤ãã®ã·ããã§åãã¦ãã¾ãå¦çã®ç¦ããå ±æãããå ±æããããã§ã説å¾ãããããã§ãå¦çã¯ãã¤ãã§ã¹ã±ã¸ã¥ã¼ã«ãåãã¦ãã¾ãã ããããä»ã®æ¥æ¬ã®å¤§å¦çã®å¤ãã¯ãã§ã«ãå´åè ãã§ãããããããã«éæ£è¦ãä¸å®å®ãã¨ãã修飾èªãã¤ãã¦ãããã
話ãé·ããªã£ãã
è¨ããããã¨ã¯ç°¡åã ãç§èªããå¦çã«ãå± ç ãããå¦çã«ããããç¸å¿ã®äºæ ãã£ã¦ãã®ããããããç¸å¿ã®äºæ ããªãç§èªãå± ç ããã¦ãå¦çãããã¡ãããããã§ããããããªãå¦çããããããã¯å¤ããè¦ãã ãã§ã¯åãããªããããåãããã¨ãã人ããããããããªããå®éã«è¦åãããã人ããã£ã¨ããã ãããã ãå°ãªãã¨ãç§ã«ã¯è¦åããã¤ããªããããããå¤æãèªåã®ä¸ã§ä¸ãã¦ã¿ããã¨ããã¨ããããã¦ãã¨ã§è¦ªããä»ãåãæ©ä¼ãå¾ã¦ç¥ã£ããã®å¦çã®å®æ ã¨ç §ãããã¨ãããããç§ã®äºæã¯ãã°ãã°æ£å対ã§ãããããã¦ãä»®ã«æ師ã®äºæãã¤ãã«æ£ããã¨ãã¦ããããã®ä»äºãã®å¤§åæã«å¤ããã¯ãªãã
ãæè²ãããã¨ããä»äºã®ã¹ã¿ã¼ãã©ã¤ã³ããã¤ãã«å¦ã¶æ¬äººã®æ¢å¾ã®ãç¾æ³ãã«ããã¨ãã大åæã¯å¤ãããªãã
å¦çã®çµæ¸ç¶æ³ãç²¾ç¥ç¶æ³ãçæ´»ç¶æ³ãå¦ç¿ç¶æ³ãç¿å¾ããã¦ããï¼ï¼ããªãï¼ç¥èã®ç¨åº¦ããªãã§ãããããå®è·µã¨ãã¦ã®ãæè²ããæºæ ãã¹ãåæã¯å¦ç¿è ã®ç¾æ³ã§ãããä¸ä»¶ã§ãããããããè¯å®ãããã¨ããããå§ã¾ãããè¯å®ãããã¨ããè¨èã«è¦ç¯çãªæå³ãèªã¿è¾¼ãå¿ è¦ã¯ãªããäºå®ã¨ãã¦ãåãå ¥ãããã¨ãããããã®æå³ã ãæ£è ã®ç ãæªæãæ²»çãããã¨ããå»è ãããã®æ£è ã¯ãªããããªã«ãä¸æçãªçæ´»ãç¶ãã¦ãããã ãã¨ãããªãã§ãããªä¸æ³¨æã«æ¨ªææ©éã渡ã£ããã ããªãã¦åãããéé£ãããããªãã ãããããè¨ã£ã¦ãããã ã«æ£è ã®çç¶ãåå³ããæåã®æ²»çæ³ã模索ãã¦å»åããã¯ãã ã
ããããä»äºã ããã
ä»ã®å¦çã¯ãããªãã¨ãã§ããªãããããªãã¨ãã§ããªããããæ欲ããªãåé¡æèããªãç©æ¥µæ§ããªãåºç¤å¦åããªãèªåã®é ã§èããåããªãèªã調ã¹ããã¨ããæ¢ç©¶å¿ããªããããããããããããããªãã¨ãã§ããªãã ããããããããªãã®ããªãã ãããã ããã ãããªãã ã¨ããã®ããã§ã¯ãããããã®ãã¨ã¯ã§ããããã«ãã¾ãããã身ã«ã¤ãã¾ããããã¨ãã話ã«ãããªããªãã®ã§ã¯ãªããããã®ããã«æãããæ¹æ³ã模索ãå®è·µããã ãã§ã¯ãªãã®ããå¤éãè¨ããªãç¡è²¬ä»»ãªã¨ããã§ã¬ã¤å ¥ãã¦ãã ãã ããã¨ãæããããå½ã®æ師ãããè¨ã£ã¦ããã®ãç®ã«ããã¨ããããã©ããããã¨è¿ãã¦ã¿ããããªãã
ãããæè²æ©é¢ã«ã¯ããä¸ã¤ã®ä¸ä»¶ã¨ãã¦ããéæç®æ¨ãã¨ãããã®ãå³ç¶ã¨ããã大å¦æè²ä¿®äºã§ã¯ãããããã§ããããã«ãªããªããã°ãªããªãããããã«å ¥å¦ãã¦ããå¦çããããªãã¨ã身ã«ã¤ãã¦ããªããã°ãããªæè²ç®æ¨ã®éæãªã©ä¸å¯è½ã é«æ ¡ã¯ãªã«ãã¦ãââé«æ ¡æè²ã§ã¯ãããããã§ããããã«ãªããªããã°ãªããªãããããã«å ¥å¦ãã¦ããçå¾ããããªãã¨ã身ã«ã¤ãã¦ããªããã°ãããªæè²ç®æ¨ã®éæãªã©ä¸å¯è½ã ä¸å¦ã¯ãªã«ãã¦ãââï¼ä»¥ä¸åæï¼ããªãã»ã©ãæ¬æ¥ããã¹ã大å¦æè²ãæç«ãããªããã¨ããããããã¨ã ã
ã¾ãã
æè²æ©é¢ã®æ©è½ããé¸æãã人æã®è¨ç·´å¯è½æ§ã示ãã·ã°ãã«æä¾ãã«ããè¦ãªããã¾ã£ããã®ãç´ç¶ããã¹ã¯ãªã¼ãã³ã°çè«çåæãã¨ããªããããã大å¦æè²ã®æ©ä¼ãéæ¾ãããã¨ã«ã¯æ義ããããããããã¾ã£ããã®ãç´ç¶ããã¹ã¯ãªã¼ãã³ã°çè«çåæãã¨ããªãã°ã大å¦æ師ã§ããããªãã®æè²æ¥åã®åå¨æ義ã¯çç¡ã§ããã®ã§ãè¾ãã¦ããã
大å¦ã®ç¤¾ä¼åæ©è½ã®åå¨ãããã°ããèªããã¨ããããã ãããã§ãããã®ç¤¾ä¼çåççã¯åçã»ä¸çæè²ã®ããã«æ¯ã¹ãã°è¦å£ããããã ããããªããªã大å¦ã®ãããªãé«çãæè²ã¯éå°ãªã®ã ããããããªåçãä¸ããã¯ãããªã人æã®è²æã«ç¨éãæå ¥ãã大å¦æè²ãªã©ãç¡é§ãªå ¬å ±æè³ã§ããã
ã ããã»ãã¨ãã«ï¼
大å¦æè²ã®ææã測ãä¸ã¤ã®ææ¨ããæè³åççã§ãããã»ã»ã»ãã®ææ¨ããã¿ã¦ãã決ãã¦æ¥æ¬ã®å¤§å¦ãéå°ã ã¨ã¯ãããªããæè¿ã®10å¹´éã§ã¯ã20代ããã³30代ã«ãããå¦æ´éã®è³éæ ¼å·®ãæ¡å¤§ãã¦ãããè¥å¹´å±¤ã®ãããå´ååã®è³ªçåä¸ã¨æè²æè³ãæ±ãããã¦ããã¨ãããã¨ã§ããã大å¦æè²ã«å¯¾ããå ¬çè³éã®æå ¥ã¯ãæ©ä¼ã®åçåæ¿çã®ããã ãã§ãªããçµæ¸ã®å¹çæ§ããã¿ã¦ãæ¯æãããæ¿ççå«æã§ããã(矢野眞和・濱中淳子、2006「なぜ、大学に進学しないのか:顕在的需要と潜在的需要の決定要因」『教育社会学研究』第79集(85-104頁)、101頁)
ãæ¬æ¥ããã¹ã大å¦æè²ãã«ãµããããã¨ã¯ã¨ã¦ãæããªãå¦çããããªã«å¢ãã¦ããã¨ããã®ã«ã大å¦ãéå°ãããªãï¼
大åè æ¯çã大ãããªãã°ã大åã®ä¾¡å¤ãä½ä¸ãããããé«åã¨ã®ç¸å¯¾è³éã¯å°ãããªãã¨ä¸è¬ã«èãããã¦ãããã大å¦é²å¦çãä¸æãããã大å¦ã«é²å¦ãã価å¤ã¯ãªããªã£ããããã¯ã大å¦ã¯éå°ã ãããããã話ãããã°ãã°èªããããä»ã§ãããããèªããæ ¹å¼·ããã»ã»ã»ã¨ããããå¿ ãããããã®ããã«ã¯ãªã£ã¦ããªããã»ã»ã»é«å¦æ´åãé²å±ãã大åæ¯çãä¸æãã¦ããã«ããããããã大åã®ä¾¡å¤ã¯æ¸å°ããã©ããããå¢å ããã注æãã¦ãããªããã°ãªããªãã®ã¯ãã大åãå¢ããã°å¤§åã®ä¾¡å¤ãæ¸å°ãããã¨ãã説ã¯ããã¤ã§ããã©ãã§ãéç¨ããæ³åã§ã¯ãªãã¨ãããã¨ã§ãããå´åéè¦ãå¤ãããªããã°ãå´åä¾çµ¦ã®å¢å ã«ãã£ã¦è³éã¯ä¸ãããããããé«åããã大åã®å´åéè¦ãå¤ããªãã°ãå´åä¾çµ¦ãå¢ãã¦ãè³éã¯æ¸å°ããªãããå¢å ããå ´åããããç¥èéç´çãªä»äºãå¢ããã°ãé«åããã大åãåªéããããã«ãªããä¸éã®é念ã¨ã¯éã«ãæ¥æ¬ã®å¤§å¦ã¯æ±ºãã¦éå°ã§ã¯ãªãã(矢野眞和、2008、「人口・労働・学歴:大学は、決して過剰ではない」『教育社会学研究』第82集(109-123頁)、119〜120頁)
å´åéè¦ãå¤åãããç£æ¥æ§é ã»è·æ¥æ§é ã®è»¢æãã¨ã¯ãããããã¨ããããããæ£ç¢ºãæããã
大åã®ä¾¡å¤ãä½ä¸ãã¦ããé«åã®ä¾¡å¤ããã以ä¸ã«ä½ä¸ããã°ã大åã®ç¸å¯¾ä¾¡å¤ã¯ä¸æãããï¼åä¸ã120é ï¼
大å¦æè²ã¯æ±ºãã¦éå°ã§ã¯ãªãããã ããã¨ãã£ã¦ã大å¦æè²ã®å¹æã大ããä¸æãã¦ããããã§ã¯ãªããé«åã¨æ¯è¼ããç¸å¯¾çãªè©ä¾¡ã§ãããã»ã»ã»ã製é æ¥ãããµã¼ãã¹æ¥ã¸ãããå°éçè·æ¥ã®å¢å ããããããã®å¤§ããªãã¬ã³ãã§ããããã®æ§é å¤åã«é©å¿ã§ãããã©ãããã大ããªåé¡ã ã大åã®æå©ãã¯ãé«åã¨æ¯ã¹ã¦ãç¸å¯¾çã«å¼·ããã¨ããã«ããããæ¶æ¥µçãªå¼·ãããããããªããã大åãçµæ¸å¤åã¨ä¸æ³ã«å¼·ãã®ã¯ç¢ºãã ãï¼ãã®æ¶æ¥µçãªå¤§å¦æå©èª¬ã¯ä»æ¥ã®ç¤¾ä¼çµæ¸æ¿çãèããä¸ã§ç¤ºåçã ãï¼åä¸ã121é ï¼
ãªãï¼
è³éï¼ï¼çµæï¼ã®å¹³çåã§ã¯ãªããæè²æ©ä¼ãå¹³çåããååé æ¿çããã社ä¼å¤åã¨ä¸æ³ãã«ãããä¸å®ã¨å±éºããåé¿ãããããçµæ¸ãå¹çåãã社ä¼çµæ¸æ¿çã®è¦ã§ãããæè²æ©ä¼ãååé ãããæè²ç¤¾ä¼ï¼Education-based Societyï¼ãã®æ§ç¯ãæ°ããç¦ç¥ç¤¾ä¼ã¢ãã«ã ã¨æããï¼åä¸ã122é ï¼
ããã«ãä¾ã®ãå¤é¨çµæ¸æ§ãã®ã話ãä»ãå ãã¦ãããã
æ´å²çã«ã¿ã¦ãæè²æ©ä¼ã®éæ¾ããªãã¡æè²æ¡å¤§ã¨ã¯ããã®ãããªãåçæ§ãã®ãã¨ã«é²å±ãã¦ããããã®ãã¨ãè¸ã¾ããªããä»ã©ãã®å¦çdisããFã©ã³å¤§å¦disãã«è¦ãã¹ã価å¤ã¯ãªããä¸ä¸å¤§å¦ã¯ãã³ãã«ãã®ç念ã¨19ä¸ç´ãã¤ãåè¿ä»£å¤§å¦ã«ããæ·æ±°ãããå¤è³ªãä½åãªãããããå®èãªãã¾ã§ã«ãããã¦ã19ä¸ç´ãã¤ãåè¿ä»£å¤§å¦ã¯æ©ä¼åçç念ã«æ£¹ããå¤æ§æ§ã¨æè»æ§ãå ·åãã20ä¸ç´ã¢ã¡ãªã«åç¾ä»£å¤§å¦ã«ããæ·æ±°ãããå¤è³ªãä½åãªãããããå®èãªãã¾ã§ã«ããã¾ã21ä¸ç´ã«èµ·ãã¤ã¤ããå¤è³ªãã©ã®ãããªãã®ã§ãã©ã®ãããªç念ã«æ ¹ãããã©ãã®ã»ã©ã®ãããªã大å¦ãã«ãã象徴ããããã®ã¨ãªãã®ããç¾å¨ã®ç§ã«ãã®å ¨è²ã¯è¦ããªããã ããæ°ããæ代ã«é©åçã§ãªããªã£ãåï¼åã ï¼ï¼ä¸ç´ã®å¤§å¦åã«ãããã¤ã¤æ°ããªå¤§å¦åãdisãããã¨ã«è¦ãã¹ãçç£æ§ããªãã§ããããã¨ã¯ãç§ã«ãåããã
ãã¦ã
é«æ ¡ä»¥ä¸ã®æè²æ®µéã§æ¨ä»ææ ®ãã¹ããªã«ãã¨ããçªç¶èµ·ãã£ã¦åé ã®å¤§å¦æ師ãæ ¨åãããããªç¾æ³ãããããããããã§ã¯ãªããä»æ¥ã§ããã°ãããããå¦çåè£è ãã§ãã£ãã ããã¨ããã®åºç¯ãªãããããé«æ ¡çï¼æªæºï¼ãã¯ããã¤ã¦ã¯å¤§å¦ã«è¾¿ãã¤ããã¨ãªãï¼ï¼å¦ã³è¶³ãï¼å¦ã³ç´ãæ©ä¼ãå¾ããã¨ãªãï¼ç¤¾ä¼ã«æ¾ããã¦è¡ã£ãã®ã ã
大å¦ã¯è£åæè²æ©é¢ã§ã¯ãªããã¨ãããåçã»ä¸çæè²ã§å¦ã¶ã¹ããã¨ã¯åçã»ä¸çæè²ã§å¦ã¶ã¹ãã§ãã£ã¦å¤§å¦ã§ãããè¡ãã®ã¯ééã£ã¦ãããã¨ãããå¶åº¦ã®å»ºåä¸ãã¾ã£ããæ£ãããããã§ã¯å¦ã³è¶³ãï¼å¦ã³ç´ãã®æ©ä¼ãã©ã®ããã«ç¨æãããããã ããããæ¨æºçãªçãã¯ãåæè²æ®µéã«ããã¦å³å¯ã«å¦åå°é度ãç²¾æ»ãã¦ã身ã«ã¤ããã¹ããã®ã身ã«ã¤ãã¦ããªãå¦ç¿è ã«å¯¾ãã¦ã¯ããã®æç¹ã§ã®å¦ã³ç´ãããå½ããï¼æ©ä¼ãä¿éãããã¨ãããã®ã ãããããèãæ¹ãã課ç¨ä¸»ç¾©ãã¨ãã¶ï¼1å¹´çµã£ããå ¨å¡ã«é²ç´ãä¿éããèãæ¹ã¯ã年齢主義ãã¨ãã¶ï¼ãã¤ã¾ãã課ç¨ä¸»ç¾©ãå³æ ¼ã«é©ç¨ãã¦åç´çç½®ããã³ãã³åºããã¨ãããã¨ã«ãªãããããã大人ã®å¹´é½¢ã«ãªã£ã人éã®å°ã»ä¸å¦æ ¡åå ¥å¦ãå¶åº¦ä¸å¯è½ã«ãããã¨ããé¸æè¢ãä»ãå ãã¦ãããã
ç¾æç¹ã§ã義åæè²ã«èª²ç¨ä¸»ç¾©ãæ®ãã¦ããå é²å½ããããï¼ãã¤ã¦ã¯ããã¦ãã®ã¨ããã§èª²ç¨ä¸»ç¾©ã ã£ãï¼ãæããã¦ããã¯æ¥æ¬ãããå¦åæ°´æºãé«ãã®ããåç´çç½®ããç¹°ãè¿ãçµé¨ãã人éã¯ã課ç¨ä¸»ç¾©ãã®çºæ³ãæå¾ ããããã«ãã®é½åº¦å¦ã³ç´ããããããã¢ã¦ããããã¨ãªãæè²é梯ãæå®ã®æ°´æºã¾ã§ç¢ºå®ã«ä¸ã£ã¦ããã®ããä½åº¦ã¤ã¾ããã¦ãï¼ å¨ããã©ãã©ãå¹´ä¸ã°ããã«ãªã£ã¦ãã£ã¦ãï¼ æ¢åã®æ¥æ¬ã®è«¸å¶åº¦ãåæã«ããã¨ãå¦ã³è¶³ãï¼å¦ã³ç´ãã®æ©ä¼ä¿éã¨ãã¦ä¸çªãªã¼ãºããã«ãªé¸æã¯ä½ãã義åæè²ãæ®éåããç¾å¨ãå¦ã³ãç´ããã¨ããé¸æã¯ãããèªä½æ¢ã«è² ã®å»å°ãè¦æããé¸æã§ã¯ãªãã®ãã
ãã¹ã¦ã®ã大å¦ãã義åæè²è£åæ©é¢ã¨ãªã£ã¦ããããã§ã¯ãªããããããªãã¹ãã§ããªãï¼å½ããåã ï¼ãããã¦ç¾©åæè²è£åã®æ©è½ãäºå®ä¸æ ã£ã¦ããã大å¦ãããã«ãªãã¥ã©ã ã®ãã¹ã¦ããè£åãã«ãã¦ã¦ããããã§ã¯ãªããããã¦ãã¹ãã§ããªããå®éã«æ¨¡ç´¢ããã¦ããï¼ãããã¹ããã¨ã¯ã大å¦ã¬ãã«ã®å°éæè²ã®ä¸èº«ãå¦ç¿ãã_ããã»ã¹ã«ããã¦ï¼¿ãã以åã®æè²æ®µéã«ããã¦ç¢ºå®ã«èº«ã«ã¤ãã¦ããã¹ãã ã£ãç¥èã»ãªãã©ã·ã¼ãï¼åï¼ç²å¾ãããã«ãªãã¥ã©ã ã»å®è·µã®éçºã§ãããæ©æã®æè²æ®µéã«è³æºãåãæå ¥ãã¹ããã¨ã¯è«ãã¾ããªããããã®ãããªéçºãèç©ãã¤ã¤ããï¼ããã大å¦æè²ã«è³æºæå ¥ãå³ããã¨ã«ãååãªåçæ§ãããï¼å¤§å¦ã¯éå°ã§ã¯ãªãï¼ã
ããã«ãä»æ¥ã®ã大å¦ãæè²ã®ããã³ãã£ã¢ãããã
ãããããç¾å¨ã®å¤§å¦çã®ã¬ãã«ãä½ä¸ãã¦ãããã¨ããè¨èª¬ã®å¦¥å½æ§ã«çå符ã¯ã¤ããããããä»ã®å¦çããæã®å¦çã®æ¹ãã¬ãã«ãä½ãã£ãï¼ã¬ãã«ã¨ã¯ãªããããã¨ãã話ã§ããããï¼ã¨ããæ¶æ¸¬ãå証ããã¨ãã½ã¼ãã«ã¯äºæ¬ ããªãï¼èº«ã®åãæ°ã¡ã¼ãã«ã®äºä¾ã ãï¼ãåçã»ä¸çæè²æ代ã«èº«ã«ã¤ããªãã£ããã®ã®ç¿å¾ããªã大å¦ã§å¯è½ãªã®ããã¨ãããã¨ããããã ãããã§ããªããã¨æãè¾¼ã¾ããã¦ããèªèº«ã®æãè¾¼ã¿ããæé¤ã§ããã°ãããã¦ããã¤ã¦ã¯ç¡æå³ã«æãããå¦ç¿ãã¹ãå 容ã®ãæ義ãããã以å¾ã«èç©ãã種ã ã®çæ´»çµé¨ã¨ãã¾ãæ¥ç¶ãå復ã§ããã°ãé©ãã»ã©ä¼¸ã³ããã¾ãã«ããæããããã°ã伸ã³ãããããããããªãã®çæéã§ã
ãã¡ãããç¾å®ã¯å³ãããã ããããããããããããç¾å®ã®å³ããã¨æä¸ã®å¶åº¦ã»çµç¹ã®å¶ç´ã®ãã¨ã§ããããã®è§£ã模索ãã¤ã¤å¯¾å¿ãããããªãããã®æ¨¡ç´¢ã®éç¨ã§ã漸次çã«è¸ãã¹ãå¶åº¦æ¹é©ã®æ©ã¿ãå»ãã§ãããããªãââããã¯æè²è²»è² æ ã®è¦ªãããç¶æ ãã大å¦ã¨å¦çã¨ãã¨ãã«è§£æ¾ãããã¨ãåºè»¸ã«æ®ãããã®ã¨ãªãã ãããããããããã®å ã«æ°ããªå¤§å¦åãç«ã¡ç¾ãããå³ããç¾å®ã«ç½®ããã¦ãã大å¦ââãã³ã¨ãªã¼ã大å¦ââã®æ¸å½ãªæ¨¡ç´¢ã®ãªããããæ°ãã大å¦åãæµ®ãã³ä¸ãããããã¯ãææè¨èªãè±èªã«ããã¨ãããªãã¨ããå ¥å¦å¼ãæ¥ããç§ã«å¤ããã¨ãããããã£ã¨æ¬è³ªçãªå¤§å¦åã®å·æ°ãããããã¯ãã ã
ããèãããã¨ãã§ããââå´åè ã管çè ãçµå¶è ã«ã誰ããå»è ãå¼è·å£«ã«ãªãããæ©ä¼ãéããã¨ã¯æ°ä¸»ä¸»ç¾©çãããããªããããã管çè ãçµå¶è ã®æã®ã¾ã¾ã«ãªããªãå´åè ã«ãªããã¨ãå»è ãå¼è·å£«ã®ä¸å½ãªå°é家æ¯é ãæ¹å¤ãããå¸æ°ã«ãªããã¨ã®ã»ããããã£ã¨æ ¹åºçã«æ°ä¸»ä¸»ç¾©çã§ããããæ©ä¼ã®å¹³çã以ä¸ã«ãåã¥ããã°ã決å®æ¨©ã®ï¼é層éï¼å¹³çããéè¦ãããã®ææ³ã»ã»ã»ã»ã»ã»ï¼çæ²¢èª ããçµåã°ãªããã®ãæ°ä¸»ä¸»ç¾©ãããæ¥æ¬ççµå¶ã®ææãã¡ãã¾å¦è¸æ庫ï¼
æ°ãã大å¦åã®å¯è½æ§ã¯ããæ©ä¼ã®å¹³çãã®å¯ä¸æ§ãåãç´ããã決å®æ¨©ã®å¹³çãã®æ義ã確èªããææ³ã«æ ¹ãããã大å¦ããããã³ã¨ãªã¼ã大å¦çãã¡ãã¤ãã«ãããã®ã¨ãã¦ããæ©è¡ã®ãªãã«ããââããã«çµ¶é æã®1988å¹´ã«ããå´åç 究è ãå´åè ã¨å´åçµåã®å¾©æ¨©ãè¦æ®ãã¦èªã£ãè¨èãåãã¦ããå´åè ãã¨ãå´åçµåãã®ç®æãã大å¦çãã¨ã大å¦ãã¨ã«èªã¿æãã¦ããã®å¾©æ¨©ãèªãããã
åé ã®å¤§å¦æ師ã¯èªåã®ç®ã®åã®å¦çã®å®æ ã«ã絶æãããã¨èªã£ããæè¿ãã®å½ã§ã¯ã絶æãã¨ããè¨èãããã¶ãã¨å®ããªã£ã¦ãããã絶æãããã»ã©ã®ãå¸æããèªåã®å¤§å¦ã¨å¦çã¨ã«ããã¤ã¦è³ããã®ãã
ããªãããè¥ããåªåãç¶ç¶ããæè½ããããä»æ¥ã®å¤§å¦ã®ããã³ãã£ã¢ã«è³ããè¦æãåããå¾é²ãã¡ããããªãã座ã£ã¦ãããã®å¸ã空ãã®ãå¾ ã£ã¦ãããå¸ãç«ã¡ãå ´æããããã
ç§ã¯ã¾ã 大å¦ã«ããèªåã®ç®ã®åã®å¦çã«ããã絶æããªã©ãã¦ããªãã