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↑Grunau, Brian E.; Wiens, Matthew O.; Brubacher, Jeffrey R. (September 2010). “Dantrolene in the treatment of MDMA-related hyperpyrexia: a systematic review”. 《Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine》 12 (5): 435–442. doi:10.1017/s1481803500012598. PMID20880437. Dantrolene may also be associated with improved survival and reduced complications, especially in patients with extreme (≥ 42 °C) or severe (≥ 40 °C) hyperpyrexia
↑Sharma, Hari Shanker, 편집. (2007). 《Neurobiology of Hyperthermia》 1판. Elsevier. 175–177, 485쪽. ISBN9780080549996. 2016년 11월 19일에 확인함. Despite the myriad of complications associated with heat illness, an elevation of core temperature above 41.0 °C (often referred to as fever or hyperpyrexia) is the most widely recognized symptom of this syndrome.