Kelimpahan unsur dalam kerak Bumi
(Dialihkan dari Kelimpahan unsur dalam kerak bumi)
Tabel ini menunjukkan kelimpahan unsur-unsur di kerak Bumi. Angka menunjukkan persentase atau bagian per juta (ppm) dalam massa; 10.000 ppm = 1%.
Perlu diperhatikan bahwa angka merupakan perkiraan, dan mereka akan bervariasi tergantung pada sumber dan metode estimasi. Secara garis besar, data dapat dipercaya.
Urutan | Z | Unsur | Simbol | Kelimpahan di Litosfer[1] | Proporsi relatif (ppm)[2] | Kelimpahan dalam kerak (ppm)[3] | Kelimpahan dalam kerak (ppm)[4] | Kelimpahan dalam kerak (ppm)[5] | Produksi (2012, Ton)[6] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 8 | oksigen | O | 460,000 | 474,000 | 460,000 | 467,100 | 461,000 | |
2 | 14 | silikon [A] | Si | 277,200 | 277,100 | 270,000 | 276,900 | 282,000 | 7,600,000 |
3 | 13 | aluminium | Al | 81,300 | 82,000 | 82,000 | 80,700 | 82,300 | 44,900,000 |
4 | 26 | besi | Fe | 50,000 | 41,000 | 63,000 | 50,500 | 56,300 | 1,100,000,000 |
5 | 20 | kalsium | Ca | 36,300 | 41,000 | 50,000 | 36,500 | 41,500 | |
6 | 11 | natrium | Na | 28,300 | 23,000 | 23,000 | 27,500 | 23,600 | 280,000,000 |
7 | 19 | kalium | K | 25,900 | 21,000 | 15,000 | 25,800 | 20,900 | 34,000 |
8 | 12 | magnesium | Mg | 20,900 | 23,000 | 29,000 | 20,800 | 23,300 | 750,000 |
9 | 22 | titanium | Ti | 4,400 | 5,600 | 6,600 | 6,200 | 5,600 | 6,500,000 |
10 | 1 | hidrogen | H | 1,400 | 1,500 | 1,400 | 1,400 | ||
11 | 15 | fosfor | P | 1,200 | 1,000 | 1,000 | 1,300 | 1,050 | |
12 | 25 | mangan | Mn | 1,000 | 950 | 1,100 | 900 | 950 | 16,000,000 |
13 | 9 | fluor | F | 800 | 950 | 540 | 290 | 585 | |
14 | 56 | barium | Ba | 500 | 340 | 340 | 500 | 425 | |
15 | 6 | karbon | C | 300 | 480 | 1,800 | 940 | 200 | |
16 | 38 | stronsium | Sr | 370 | 360 | 370 | 380,000 | ||
17 | 16 | belerang | S | 500 | 260 | 420 | 520 | 350 | 70,000,000 |
18 | 40 | zirkonium | Zr | 190 | 130 | 250 | 165 | 1,420,000 | |
19 | 74 | wolfram | W | 160.6 | 1.1 | 1.25 | 73,000 | ||
20 | 23 | vanadium | V | 100 | 160 | 190 | 120 | 63,000 | |
21 | 17 | klorin | Cl | 500 | 130 | 170 | 450 | 145 | 280,000,000 |
22 | 24 | krom | Cr | 100 | 100 | 140 | 350 | 102 | 7,890,000 |
23 | 37 | rubidium | Rb | 300 | 90 | 60 | 90 | ||
24 | 28 | nikel | Ni | 80 | 90 | 190 | 84 | 2,100,000 | |
25 | 30 | seng | Zn | 75 | 79 | 70 | 13,000,000 | ||
26 | 29 | tembaga | Cu | 100 | 50 | 68 | 60 | 17,000,000 | |
27 | 58 | serium | Ce | 68 | 60 | 66.5 | |||
28 | 60 | neodimium | Nd | 38 | 33 | 41.5 | |||
29 | 57 | lantanum | La | 32 | 34 | 39 | |||
30 | 39 | itrium | Y | 30 | 29 | 33 | 8,900 | ||
31 | 7 | nitrogen | N | 50 | 25 | 20 | 19 | 137,000,000 | |
32 | 27 | kobalt | Co | 20 | 30 | 25 | 110,000 | ||
33 | 3 | litium | Li | 20 | 17 | 20 | 37,000 | ||
34 | 41 | niobium | Nb | 20 | 17 | 20 | 69,000 | ||
35 | 31 | galium | Ga | 18 | 19 | 19 | |||
36 | 21 | skandium | Sc | 16 | 26 | 22 | |||
37 | 82 | timbal | Pb | 14 | 10 | 14 | 5,200,000 | ||
38 | 62 | samarium | Sm | 7.9 | 6 | 7.05 | |||
39 | 90 | torium | Th | 12 | 6 | 9.6 | |||
40 | 59 | praseodimium | Pr | 9.5 | 8.7 | 9.2 | |||
41 | 5 | boron | B | 950 | 8.7 | 10 | 4,600,000 | ||
42 | 64 | gadolinium | Gd | 7.7 | 5.2 | 6.2 | |||
43 | 66 | disprosium | Dy | 6 | 6.2 | 5.2 | |||
44 | 72 | hafnium | Hf | 5.3 | 3.3 | 3.0 | |||
45 | 68 | erbium | Er | 3.8 | 3.0 | 3.5 | |||
46 | 70 | iterbium | Yb | 3.3 | 2.8 | 3.2 | |||
47 | 55 | sesium | Cs | 3 | 1.9 | 3 | |||
48 | 4 | berilium | Be | 2.6 | 1.9 | 2.8 | 230 | ||
49 | 50 | timah | Sn | 0 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 230,000 | |
50 | 63 | europium | Eu | 2.1 | 1.8 | 2.0 | |||
51 | 92 | uranium | U | 0 | 1.8 | 2.7 | 66,512 | ||
52 | 73 | tantalum | Ta | 2 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 765 | ||
53 | 32 | germanium | Ge | 1.8 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 128 | ||
54 | 42 | molibdenum | Mo | 1.5 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 250,000 | ||
55 | 33 | arsen | As | 1.5 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 44,000 | ||
56 | 67 | holmium | Ho | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.3 | |||
57 | 65 | terbium | Tb | 1.1 | 0.94 | 1.2 | |||
58 | 69 | tulium | Tm | 0.48 | 0.45 | 0.52 | |||
59 | 35 | bromin | Br | 0.37 | 3 | 2.4 | 580,000 | ||
60 | 81 | talium | Tl | 0.6 | 0.530 | 0.850 | 10 | ||
61 | 71 | lutesium[7] | Lu | 0.5 | |||||
62 | 51 | antimon | Sb | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 180,000 | ||
63 | 53 | iodin | I | 0.14 | 0.490 | 0.450 | 28,000 | ||
64 | 48 | kadmium | Cd | 0.11 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 23,000 | ||
65 | 47 | perak | Ag | 0.070 | 0.080 | 0.075 | 24,000 | ||
66 | 80 | raksa | Hg | 0.05 | 0.067 | 0.085 | 1,600 | ||
67 | 34 | selenium | Se | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 2,000 | ||
68 | 49 | indium | In | 0.049 | 0.160 | 0.250 | 670 | ||
69 | 83 | bismut | Bi | 0.048 | 0.025 | 0.0085 | 7,400 | ||
70 | 52 | telurium | Te | 0.005 | 0.001 | 0.001 | |||
71 | 78 | platina | Pt | 0.003 | 0.0037 | 0.005 | 179 | ||
72 | 79 | emas | Au | 0.0011 | 0.0031 | 0.004 | 2,700 | ||
73 | 44 | rutenium | Ru | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | |||
74 | 46 | paladium | Pd | 0.0006 | 0.0063 | 0.015 | 200 | ||
75 | 75 | renium | Re | 0.0004 | 0.0026 | 0.0007 | 52 | ||
76 | 77 | iridium | Ir | 0.0003 | 0.0004 | 0.001 | |||
77 | 45 | rodium | Rh | 0.0002 | 0.0007 | 0.001 | |||
78 | 76 | osmium | Os | 0.0001 | 0.0018 | 0.0015 |
- ^ 5,000 tonnes of annual production is electronic grade
Lihat pula
suntingReferensi
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- Eric Scerri, The Periodic Table, Its Story and Its Significance, Oxford University Press, 2007