ããªãã£ã«ã«ã»ã³ã¬ã¯ããã¹ãå¼·è¦ãã¦ã¯ãããªãï½PCã®æ義ã¨åé¡ç¹ï½
ããªãã£ã«ã«ã»ã³ã¬ã¯ããã¹ãæ¿æ²»çæ£ãããPCã
ãã®è¨èãç§ãæåã«ç®ã«ããã®ã¯ã¢ãã¨éªã®å¥³çã ã£ããã¨æãã
ãããã¡ãªå°å¥³ã¨çåæ§ã®ææããè±å´ãã¦ããã£ãºãã¼ã¯æ°ããå¢å°ãæãããããããã¨ãããã®ã®ãæ¿æ²»çæ£ããã®è¨èãä½åæ¹è©ã«ãã£ã¤ãã¦ãã¦ãããããªæ°ãããã
Â
ãæ¿æ²»çæ£ãããã¯æè¦ä¸ãªãã¨ãªãç解ã§ãããã®ã®ãæ¹ãã¦ãã¡ãã¨èª¬æãããã¨ããã¨é£ãããä¸ä½ãæ¿æ²»çã«æ£ãããã¨ããã®ã¯ã©ãããç¶æ ã ããï¼æ¿æ²»çæ£ããã¯ä½åæ¹è©ã®è¦ç´ ã«ãªãå¾ãã®ã ãããï¼
ã¾ãæåã«å®ç¾©ãæã£ã¦æ¥ããã
ãäºå®ãè¿°ã¹ãã¨ããæã ã¯correctã§ãããèªãããã¨ãä¿¡ãããã¨ãæ¿æ²»çã«å®¹èªã§ããªããããã«äºå®ã話ããªãã¨ããæã ã¯æ¿æ²»çã«correctã§ãããã
"When we speak the truth, we are correct. When we do not speak the truth because it would be politically unacceptable to admit to believing it, we are politically correct."
http://www.lnat.ac.uk/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/sample_political.pdf
ãªãã»ã©ãã©ãããäºå®ã話ãã¦ããå ´åã§ãã£ã¦ããæ¿æ²»çæ£ãããæãªããã¨ãããããããããã£ããããªããã£ã¦ãªããããªå®ç¾©ã ãã次ã«political correctnessã®ç¨èªãã®ãã®ãå解ãã¦ã¿ããã
æ¿æ²»çæ£ããã®ãæ£ãããã®é¨åã人ã ãæãããããæ£ãããã¯åºæ¬justã®è¨³èªã§ãããããã®å ´åã¯correctã®è¨³èªã§ããããã®correctã¨ããã®ã¯æ¿æ²»å²å¦ã§ããå(good)ãæ£ç¾©(justice)ã¨ããè¨èã¨ã¯æ¯è²ãéã£ã¦ãããèªä½å«ççè¦ç´ ãå«ã¾ãªãã*1ãCorrectã¨ããè¨èã«ã¯è¯ãï¼æªãã¨ããè¦ç´ ãç¡ãã®ã§ãããCorrectã¨ã¯ã1ï¼ï¼ãï¼ã§ãããã¨ãã³ã¬ã¯ãã¨ããããã«ããæ£ãããã¨ããããã¯ãåã£ã¦ããããä¸è´ãã¦ãããã¨ããæå³ã«è¿ãã 以ä¸ãã¾ã¨ããã¨ããæ¿æ²»çæ£ãããã¨ããããã¯ãæ¿æ²»çåè´æ§ã¨ããè¨èã®æ¹ããããµããããããã«æããããã¤ã¾ãæ¿æ²»çã«å®¹èªã§ããªããã¨ããªããªãããã«ãããããæ¿æ²»å±¤ã主æµã®æ¿æ²»å±¤ã«ãåè´ããããã¨ããæå³åããå¼·ããããããPCã®èµ·æºãæ§ãã«è¦ãã¦ããã
Â
PCï¼èªä¸»è¦å¶ï¼ï¼
PCã®èµ·æºã¯ã大é¨åã®æ¿æ²»å±¤ã«åãå ¥ããããããã«ãããã®ã§ãããä¾ãã°æ¿æ²»å®¶ããpoliceman ã¨è¨ã£ããã©ããªãã ãããã女æ§ã®è¦å¯å®ãç·å¥³å権è«è ããç·ã¹ã«ã³ãé£ããã ãããããã§policepersonã¨ããã®ã§ãããã¤ã¾ãPCã¯ä¸å¿ è¦ãªçä¸ãé²ãç®çã§å°å ¥ãããã®ã§ããã社ä¼ã«ã¯ãããããªææ³ä¿¡æ¡ãæã£ã人ãããããã®ä¸ã§ã§ããã ãå¤ãã®äººãä¸æå¿«ã«æããªããããªè¡¨ç¾ãå¿æããªããã°ãªããªãããããPCã®ç²¾ç¥ã§ããããããã£ã¦PCã¯ç¹å®ã®ææ³ä¿¡æ¡(idea)ã¨ããããã¯ã表ç¾ææ³ã®éå ·(tool)ã§ãããããã«ã¯æ¥æ¬ã®ãã¬ãå±ãè¡ããèªä¸»è¦å¶ãä¸é©åçºè¨é²æ¢ãªã©ã®çä¸ãé²ãç®çã§ãã§ã«å°å ¥ãã¦ããé²æ¢æªç½®ã¨ä¼¼ã¦ããã¨ãããããã
Â
Political CorrectnessããPolitical Goodnessã¸
ããããPCã¯æ¬¡ç¬¬ã«ææ³ç価å¤æã帯ã³ã¦ããããã«ãªããå®éã®ã¨ãããPCã¯ãªãã©ã«ï¼å·¦æ´¾ï¼ã®ä¾¡å¤è¦³ã¨å¯æ¥ã«çµã³ã¤ãã¦ãããPCã¯æ¬è³ªçã«åå·®å¥ã§ãããPCã¯åæ§æã«å¯å®¹ã§ãå¤å 社ä¼ã«å¯å®¹ã§ããã¤ããªãã£ã«å¯å®¹ã§ãã¬ã¤ã·ãºã ã許ããªããã¨ãããããªãã©ã«å·¦æ´¾ã¨ãªã¼ãã¼ã©ãããã¦ãããã¨ãããããããã«ãã¦ãæ¬æ¥ä¸ç«çã ã£ããæ¿æ²»çæ£ããããããªãã©ã«ãªä¾¡å¤è¦³ã¨å ±ã«ãæ¿æ²»çåãï¼goodnessï¼ãã«çã¾ãå¤ãã£ãã
ãªãPCã左派ã®å½±é¿ãå¤ãåããéã«ä¿å®æ´¾ï¼å³æ´¾ï¼ã®å½±é¿ãåããªãã£ãã®ããããã¯é¢ç½ãåãã§ãããå人çãªæ³åã¨ãã¦ã¯ãããããå³æ´¾ããã左派ã®æ¹ãã¨ãã«ã®ã¼ã大ããã£ãããã ã¨æããæ¢åã®å¶åº¦ã¨ãããã®ã¯ãå¶åº¦ã®è¯ãæªãã¯ã¨ãããã¨ãã¦ãããå¶åº¦ããããã¨ããäºèªä½ãæ£å½æ§ãçãããã®å¶åº¦ãå¤ãã¦ããã«ã¯ãã¨ã¦ã¤ããªãã¨ãã«ã®ã¼ã¯å¿ è¦ã«ãªã£ã¦ãããå¾ã£ã¦ä¿å®æ´¾ã®ä¸ã«ã¯å¶åº¦ã«ç©æ¥µçã«è³æãã¦ãã層ã¨ããããã¯ããé·ããã®ã«å·»ããããçãªæ 度ã®å±¤ãå¤ããä¸æ¹ã§é©æ°æ´¾ã¯ãå¶åº¦ã®æªãç¹ãç¥ããå¤ãããã¨ãã¦ããç¹ã§ããç±æãããã¨æãããã
åæ§å©ã®ä¾ãã¨ã£ã¦ã¿ãããä¸é¨ã®å®æçãªäººã ãé¤ãã¦ãåæ§å©ã«å対ãã¦ãã人ã¯åæ§å©ãããªãã¨ãªããä¸èªç¶ã ããã«éããªããããèªä½ã«å¼·ãåæ©ã¥ããææ ã¯ç¡ããããããåæ§å©æ¨é²æ´¾ã«ã¯ãåæ§æè ã®è¿«å®³ã®æ´å²ã«æ ¹ãä¸ããããæ·±ãæ²ãã¿ã¨æãã®ææ ããããããã¦å½¼ãããç°æ§æè ã¨åæ§æè ãåä¸ã®æ¨©å©ãæã¦ã社ä¼ã®ããã«éé²ãã¦ããæãä¿å®æ´¾ã¨æ¨é²æ´¾ãä¸ä½ã©ã¡ãã®ã¨ãã«ã®ã¼ãå¼·ãã ãããã
åããã¨ã¯ããã¦ä¸é©åãªè¡¨ç¾ã使ãå ´åã左派ã¨å³æ´¾ãã©ã¡ããããæè°ãæãã表æãããããæ³åãã¦ã¿ãã¨ããããä¾ãã°çè·å¸«ã¨çè·å©¦ã¨ãã£ãã¨ãã¨ãã¹ãã¤ãã¼ãã³ãã¹ãã¤ãã¼ãã¼ã½ã³ã¨è¨ã£ãã¨ããã©ã¡ããããæ¹å¤ãåããããã ãããããã¡ãã両è ã«æ¹å¤ã¯æ¥ãã ããããããæ·±ãæããåããããããªã®ã¯åè ã®ãããªæ°ãããã®ã§ããã
話ãè±ç·ããããã¨ãããPCã¯ãªãã©ã«å·¦æ´¾ã®ä¾¡å¤è¦³ãèªã¿è¾¼ã¿ãå½¼ãã®éå ·ã«ãªã£ã¦ãã¾ã£ããPCã«è³æããã¨ãããã¨ã¯ããªãã©ã«å·¦æ´¾ã«è³æããã¨ãããã¨ã§ãããPCããä¸ç«æ§ãæãè½ã¡ããã¨ã«ãã£ã¦ã次第ã«æ¹å¤ãé«ã¾ã£ã¦ãããã¨ã«ãªãã
Â
PCããå¯å®¹æ§ãæãè½ã¡ã
PCã¯å¯å®¹ã ãå¤å 社ä¼ããã¤ããªãã£ã¼ããªã©ã«å¯¾ãã¦ã¯ãã ãPCã¯PCã«ååããã®ã«ã¯å®¹èµ¦ããªããPCã¯å·®å¥çãªè¨è«ãã¨ã¹ããã¯ã¸ã§ã¼ã¯ãæ¿æ²»çã«è°è«ãé¸ããããªè¡¨ç¾ã»çºç¾ã許ããªãï¼ãã¨ããããäºå®ã§ãã£ãã¨ãã¦ããã§ããã
çµå±ã®ã¨ãããPCã¨å·¦æ´¾ãä¸ä½åããæç¹ã§ãPCã¯å½¼ãã®å°å¶ã®éå ·ã«ãªã£ã¦ãã¾ã£ããHoneyford (1983:12-13)ã¯ãPCããè£è¿ã£ãããã«ã¼ã·ãºã (inverted McCarthyism)ããããã¯ããªãã©ã«ã»ãã¡ã·ãºã ãã¨å½¢å®¹ããã*2 å®éPCã¯ãPCã«ããããªã表ç¾ãè¦å¶ããçºè¨ã®èªç±ã表ç¾ã®èªç±ãè ããæãããããKatzãè¿°ã¹ãã¨ãããPCã¯çå®ã§ãã£ã¦ãä¸é©åãªçºè¨ã¯èªå¶ãã¹ãã§ããã¨ããæå³ã§ãå ¨ä½ä¸»ç¾©çè¡å(totalitalian impluse)ãã§ããã*3
ç¾å¨ã®ã¨ããã幸ããªãã¨ã«ãPCã¯çºä¿¡è ã®èªçºæ§ã«ãã£ã¦ãªããã¦ãããä»äººãæ¿åºã«ãã£ã¦PCã義åä»ãããã¦ããªãç¾ç¶ã§ã¯ãããã»ã©æããããã®ã«ã¯ãªã£ã¦ããªãã
Â
ä½åã¨PC
ã§ã¯ä¸»ã«ãã£ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãæãè¸è¡ä½åã¼ç©èªãå°èª¬ãªã©ã¼ã«ããã¦ã¯ãPCã¯ã©ãæ±ãããã¹ãã§ãããããä½åã®ä½ãæããèããã°ãPCãèæ ®ããã¨ãããã¨ã¯ãå¤ãã®äººã«èªãã ãè¦ã¦ããã£ããããä¸ã§ãéè¦ãªãã¨ãããããªããPCã¼ããã左派ã®ä¾¡å¤è¦³ã§ããã¼ã«æ°ã使ãã¨ããäºã¯ãä¸å¿ è¦ãªçä¸ã®å¯è½æ§ãæ¸ãããä½åãããå¤ãã®äººã«åãå ¥ãã¦ãããä¸ã§å¤§åãªå½¹å²ãæããã§ãããã
ä¸æ¹ã§ãä½åã®ä½ãæã¯ãPCã«æ°ã使ããªããããããªä½åãä½ããã¨ãã§ããããã®ãããªä½åã¯ä½è ã®æãã¾ã¾ã表ç¾ããã¦ããã¨ããç¹ã§é¢ç½ããããããªããã大è¡ã«åãå ¥ãããããã¨ããã¨çå符ãä»ããçµå±ã®ã¨ãããPCãåãå ¥ãããåãå ¥ããªããã¨ããã®ã¯ä½è ã®èªç±è£éã®ä¸ã«ãããä½è ã¯PCã«ã¤ãã¦ã®å«çç責任ãããããã§ã¯ãªããã¨ã¯æããã§ããã
æå¾ã«ãéè³è ç®ç·ã§ä½åã¨PCã«ã¤ãã¦èãã¦ã¿ããPCãç¨ãã¦ä½åãæ¹å¤ãããã¨ã¯å¯è½ã§ããããå«ççã«ééã£ã¦ããããã§ããªããä½è ã®è¡¨ç¾ã®èªç±ã¯ãå½¼ãèªç±ã«èä½ç©ãå¶ä½ããçºè¡¨ãããã¨ãä¿éãããããã®ä½åã®è©ä¾¡ã«ã¤ãã¦ã¯ä½ä¸ã¤ä¿éããªããä½åã®æ¹å¤ã¯è¡¨ç¾ã®èªç±ã®æ ã®å¤ã«ãããå¾ã£ã¦ããã®ä½åã«ã¯PCããªããã¨ããæ¹å¤ã¯ä½ã®åé¡ãçããããªãã
ã ãå¾ ã£ã¦ã»ãããå ç¨ããPCã¯ãªãã©ã«å·¦æ´¾ä¾¡å¤è¦³ã¨åä¸ã ã¨ããäºãè¿°ã¹ã¦ããããããèããã¨ããã®ä½åã«ã¯PCããªããã¨ããæ¹å¤ã¯å®ã¯ããã®ä½åã«ã¯ãªãã©ã«å·¦æ´¾ä¾¡å¤è¦³ããªããã¨ããæ¹å¤ã¨åä¸ã§ãããã¨ããããã両è ã¯åççã«ã¯åä¸ã§ãããªãããæè¨ã«ãã¦ã¿ãã¨ããã¶ãæ¯è²ãéãããã«æãããããã«PCãç¨ãã¦æ¹å¤ãã人ã®ã¬ããªãã¯ããããPCãã¾ãã§ä¸åä¸å ãªã絶対çãªä¾¡å¤åºæºã§ãããããã«æ±ããã¨ã«ãã£ã¦ãèªåã®æ¹å¤ã®æ£å½æ§ãé«ãã¦ããã®ã§ãããããã¾ã§èªãã§ä¸ãã£ã人ã¯ãã§ã«ãåããã§ãããããPCããã¯å³æ´¾ç価å¤è¦³ããããã¨æãè½ã¡ã¦ãããã¤ã¾ãPCã¯ãã®ãããåã£ã¦ããããæãã¦çµ¶å¯¾çãªä¾¡å¤è¦³ã§ã¯ãªããããã®ä½åã«ã¯PCããªããã¨ããæ¹å¤ããããããã®ä½åã«ã¯ãªãã©ã«å·¦æ´¾ä¾¡å¤è¦³ããªããã¨ããæ¹å¤ãããæ¹ãããããã§ã¢ã§ããã¨æãããç¨èªã示ãå 容ã¨ãã¦ããããæ£ç¢ºã§ããããã«æãããã
以ä¸ãã©ãã©æ¸ããã¦ããã£ãããPCã絶対çåºæºã§ãªã以ä¸ãå ¨ã¦ã®ä½åã«PCãæ±ããå¿ è¦æ§ã¯ãªããå¾ã£ã¦ãä½è ã«PCãå¼·è¦ãããã¨ã¯ã§ããªãã§ãããã
*1:ç§ã¯è¦ããã¨ãªãã®ã§ãããæ¿æ²»å²å¦ã§ã³ã¬ã¯ãã¨ããè¨èã使ã£ã¦ããæç®ããã£ããæãã¦ãã ããã
*2:G. Gordon Betts, The Twilight of Britain: Cultural Nationalism, Multiculturalism, and the poltics of Toleration, p.272
*3:Jonathan I. Katz, "What is Political Correctness?"Â What is political correctness?