It is not a secret anymore!
The Datawarehouse Hadoop cluster at Facebook has become the largest known Hadoop storage cluster in the world. Here are some of the details about this single HDFS cluster:
- 21 PB of storage in a single HDFS cluster
- 2000 machines
- 12 TB per machine (a few machines have 24 TB each)
- 1200 machines with 8 cores each + 800 machines with 16 cores each
- 32 GB of RAM per machine
- 15 map-reduce tasks per machine
That's a total of more than 21 PB of configured storage capacity! This is larger than the previously known Yahoo!'s cluster of 14 PB. Here are the cluster statistics from the HDFS cluster at Facebook:
Hadoop started at Yahoo! and full marks to Yahoo! for developing such critical infrastructure technology in the open. I started working with Hadoop when I joined Yahoo! in 2006. Hadoop was in its infancy at that time and I was fortunate to be part of the core set of Hadoop engineers at Yahoo!. Many thanks to Doug Cutting for creating Hadoop and Eric14 for convincing the executing management at Yahoo! to develop Hadoop as open source software.
Facebook engineers work closely with the Hadoop engineering team at Yahoo! to push Hadoop to greater scalability and performance. Facebook has many Hadoop clusters, the largest among them is the one that is used for Datawarehousing. Here are some statistics that describe a few characteristics of the Facebook's Datawarehousing Hadoop cluster:
- 12 TB of compressed data added per day
- 800 TB of compressed data scanned per day
- 25,000 map-reduce jobs per day
- 65 millions files in HDFS
- 30,000 simultaneous clients to the HDFS NameNode
A majority of this data arrives via scribe, as desribed in scribe-hdfs integration. This data is loaded in Hive. Hive provides a very elegant way to query the data stored in Hadoop. Almost 99.9% Hadoop jobs at Facebook are generated by a Hive front-end system. We provide lots more details about our scale of operations in our paper at SIGMOD titled Datawarehousing and Analytics Infrastructure at Facebook.
Here are two pictorial representations of the rate of growth of the Hadoop cluster:
Details about our Hadoop configuration
I have fielded many questions from developers and system administrators about the Hadoop configuration that is deployed in the Facebook Hadoop Datawarehouse. Some of these questions are from Linux kernel developers who would like to make Linux swapping work better with Hadoop workload; other questions are from JVM developers who may attempt to make Hadoop run faster for processes with large heap size; yet others are from GPU architects who would like to port a Hadoop workload to run on GPUs. To enable this type of outside research, here are the details about the Facebook's Hadoop warehouse configurations. I hope this open sharing of infrastructure details from Facebook jumpstarts the research community to design ways and means to optimize systems for Hadoop usage.
first.
ReplyDeleteamazing hadoop
ReplyDeletewhat's the carbon footprint/power consumption? mind-boggling..
ReplyDeleteThat SIGMOD link is broken. Here it is - link
ReplyDeleteWow....amazing...!!!
ReplyDeleteWhere's the like button on this thing, Dhruba?
ReplyDeletewhat's the carbon footprint/power consumption? mind-boggling..
ReplyDeleteHadoop, the rainforest killer
ReplyDeletepeople who are concerned about carbon foot print here is my answer, the scenario would have been worse, the number of servers needing to serve such huge task is humengous and hadoop optimizies the resources.
ReplyDeleteAre you sure that cluster is bigger than the newer 4k machine clusters at Yahoo? I seem to recall they had a couple bigger than this....
ReplyDelete@funjon, from what I hear, all of the 4 K nodes in the Yahoo's cluster have 4 TB of disk each. http://developer.yahoo.net/blogs/hadoop/2010/05/scalability_of_the_hadoop_dist.html
ReplyDeleteThat's great! This is how technology works in its finest. That is really amazing!
ReplyDeleteWith disks failing (possibly resulting in node shutdown) and rebuild/recovery that needs to be done, can you let me know how many people it would take to manage the a cluster of the size that FB has?
ReplyDelete@Naren: we have one admin person who manages the hdfs cluster. He is a person responsible for deploying new software, monitoring health, reporting and categorization of issues that arise as part of operations, etc.etc. Then maybe another virtual person(s) who spends a few hours every week to gather all failed machines/disks and send them to a repair facility.
ReplyDeleteNice article...
ReplyDeletehadoophelp.blogspot.com
A few things that interest me about your configuration files (many thanks for posting!)
ReplyDelete1. You don't use LZO compression, but rather Gzip.
2. With 12TB/24TB, I'm assuming 12 spindles. Mapper contention on spindles usually creates problems with one DataNode handling > 8 spindles.
3. With 16 cores, only having 15 slots (9 map, 5 reduce) seems low. And 1GB per task means only using 15GB out of the 32GB on the box.
Thanks for any feedback on the above,
-- Ken
This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.
ReplyDelete1. we use LZO for map outputs (less CPU) but use GZIP for reduce outputs (lesser disk space).
ReplyDelete2. we have 12 spindles.
3. our map or reduce computations are very CPU heavy and the cluster is bottlenecked on CPU (rather than IOPs). The 1 GB per task is just the default. Most jobs (via Hive) are allowed to set their own JVM heap size.
hi I have 4 machines Suse-Linux11 , I need to set up a 4 node hadoop cluster I have RAM 16GB [16 cores] per machines.
ReplyDeleteI need to know how may maps and reduces should I configure? Also Can I have multiple clusters on same 4 machines by just changing the port numbers and other directories and running hadoop with separate user.?
Yes, u can run multiple hdfs clusters on the same set of machines (as long as they use different ports)
ReplyDeleteDhruba, what do you do for Realtime analytics? do you use something like Flume? or you have your own ?
ReplyDeletefor realtime analytics, we use HBase. http://hadoopblog.blogspot.com/2011/07/realtime-hadoop-usage-at-facebook.html
ReplyDeleteDo you guys use puppet, chef or custom scripts to configure and keep up to date the machines?
ReplyDeleteWhat is your backup plan for the Hadoop cluster? does backup of hadoop cluster makes sense for you? if so do you quiesce the hive before backup? and how is new/modified data detected (as the data sizes are so huge)?
ReplyDeleteHadoop did NOT start at Yahoo. It was born out of the Apache Nutch project.
ReplyDeleteTwo questions:
ReplyDelete1) What is the required versus achieving IOPS & Latency out of each nodes storage subsystem? Asked another way... what were you aiming for and what did you actually get in terms of performance?
2) How does the failure of -- for example -- 10 nodes affect the cluster?
It's really amazing....
ReplyDelete@toni: we use custom scripts to configure and deploy software on hadoop machines.
ReplyDelete@The Hive cluster is a pure warehouse. That means that if you backup the 20+ TB of new data that comes in every day, all other data can b derived from that stream. So, we have processes to replicate data ascross data centers and as long as we can copy the source data to multiple data centers, we have a good story on backup (including DR).
@Jeff: we focussed on job-pipleline latencies. That means a certain pipeline (bunch of hive jobs) have to finish within a certain time. Regarding ur other question: we have had cases when a rack fails. A rack has 20 machines. When this happens, we see that HDFS re-replicates the data and this re-replication finishes in about an hour, i.e. our mean-time-to-recover from a failed rack is about 1 hour. However, jobs continue to run normally during this period.
Dhrub,
DeleteYour comment >> A rack has 20 machines. When this happens, we see that HDFS re-replicates the data and this re-replication finishes in about an hour, i.e. our mean-time-to-recover from a failed rack is about 1 hour.
Unlike facebook, where you have 2000 machine (with 20 m/c per rack,so I am assuming you have 100 racks), the re-replication takes about an hour. For relatively small clusters - say 60 nodes (i.e. 3 racks with 20 nodes each) when a rack fails the re-replication can overwhelm Top-of-rack switch and the re-replication duration can be larger. Does the re-replication rate-limited ? Any suggestions and/or possible performance numbers for recovery time for such failures?
The re-replication rate is not limited (AFAIK).
DeleteYa know, I think I have an idea that would reduce all the hardware requirements down to a fraction of the thousands of servers currently employed.
ReplyDeleteIt's a purely analytic solution, but it would work and would be very scalable, especially with the larger sets of data.
Great helpful information. Thanks for providing wonderful stats of hadoop usage at FB.
ReplyDeleteHadoop can be used for olap as well as OLTP.
Please click why hadoop is introduced
@Dhruba : Thanks for (all) the post(s). Can you give us updated figures about the cluster size at the begining of 2012 ? Is the growth still amazing ?
ReplyDeleteGreat post....
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Wow....amazing...!!
ReplyDeletevery nice post.
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Hello,
ReplyDeletewhat a amazing news is this! The Datawarehouse Hadoop cluster at Facebook has become the largest known Hadoop storage cluster in the world is really a excellent information.I love it.Thanks a lot
Used Pallet Racks
I think yahoo has around 42000 nodes in their cluster and LinkedIn has around some 4000 nodes. May be FB has large data in it. But when it comes to the number of data nodes it will be yahoo I guess...
ReplyDelete@Pradeep: The 42000 nodes number from Yahoo is the total number of nodes in all the hdfs clusters in production at Y!.. and not from a single cluster.
ReplyDeleteWonderful Info.
ReplyDeleteHey this shows the scope of HADOOP.
ReplyDeleteWhat do you think programmers?
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Very nice and informative blog.
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I think the things you covered through the post are quite impressive, good job and great efforts. I found it very interesting and enjoyed reading all of it... keeps it up, good job.
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ReplyDeleteIs there an architecture diagram explaining the latest Hadoop cluster configuration at Hadoop ? Such as the size o data processed and the number of nodes etc.
ReplyDelete