challenger
Appearance
See also: Challenger
English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Middle English chalengere, chalangeour; equivalent to challenge + -er.
Noun
[edit]challenger (plural challengers)
- One who challenges; especially, one who plays against the current champion of a game or contest in hopes of winning and becoming the new champion.
- The champion hopes to defeat his new challenger in the game to remain undefeated.
- One child stood as king of the hill, and tried to withstand the pushes and shoves of his challengers.
- 2020, Shane Goldmacher, “Throw Out the Debate Playbook: Biden and Sanders to Clash Amid Crisis”, in The New York Times[1]:
- Debates are often unpredictable, but it is especially hard to game out how this debate featuring a moderate standard-bearer and a liberal challenger will unfold and how people will process it. Hundreds of thousands of viewers, if not millions, will have been personally affected by Sunday, as public gathering spaces are shuttered, schools are closed and on Thursday the stock market plunged by the largest percentage in decades (it snapped back upward on Friday).
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Translations
[edit]one who challenges
|
French
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]challenger
- to challenge
Conjugation
[edit]This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written challenge- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.
Conjugation of challenger (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | challenger | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | challengeant /(t)ʃa.lɛn(.d)ʒɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | challengé /(t)ʃa.lɛn(.d)ʒe/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | challenge /(t)ʃa.lɛn(d)ʒ/ |
challenges /(t)ʃa.lɛn(d)ʒ/ |
challenge /(t)ʃa.lɛn(d)ʒ/ |
challengeons /(t)ʃa.lɛn(.d)ʒɔ̃/ |
challengez /(t)ʃa.lɛn(.d)ʒe/ |
challengent /(t)ʃa.lɛn(d)ʒ/ |
imperfect | challengeais /(t)ʃa.lɛn(.d)ʒɛ/ |
challengeais /(t)ʃa.lɛn(.d)ʒɛ/ |
challengeait /(t)ʃa.lɛn(.d)ʒɛ/ |
challengions /(t)ʃa.lɛn(d)ʒ.jɔ̃/ |
challengiez /(t)ʃa.lɛn(d)ʒ.je/ |
challengeaient /(t)ʃa.lɛn(.d)ʒɛ/ | |
past historic2 | challengeai /(t)ʃa.lɛn(.d)ʒe/ |
challengeas /(t)ʃa.lɛn(.d)ʒa/ |
challengea /(t)ʃa.lɛn(.d)ʒa/ |
challengeâmes /(t)ʃa.lɛn(.d)ʒam/ |
challengeâtes /(t)ʃa.lɛn(.d)ʒat/ |
challengèrent /(t)ʃa.lɛn(.d)ʒɛʁ/ | |
future | challengerai /(t)ʃa.lɛn(.d)ʒə.ʁe/ |
challengeras /(t)ʃa.lɛn(.d)ʒə.ʁa/ |
challengera /(t)ʃa.lɛn(.d)ʒə.ʁa/ |
challengerons /(t)ʃa.lɛn(.d)ʒə.ʁɔ̃/ |
challengerez /(t)ʃa.lɛn(.d)ʒə.ʁe/ |
challengeront /(t)ʃa.lɛn(.d)ʒə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | challengerais /(t)ʃa.lɛn(.d)ʒə.ʁɛ/ |
challengerais /(t)ʃa.lɛn(.d)ʒə.ʁɛ/ |
challengerait /(t)ʃa.lɛn(.d)ʒə.ʁɛ/ |
challengerions /(t)ʃa.lɛn(.d)ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
challengeriez /(t)ʃa.lɛn(.d)ʒə.ʁje/ |
challengeraient /(t)ʃa.lɛn(.d)ʒə.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | challenge /(t)ʃa.lɛn(d)ʒ/ |
challenges /(t)ʃa.lɛn(d)ʒ/ |
challenge /(t)ʃa.lɛn(d)ʒ/ |
challengions /(t)ʃa.lɛn(d)ʒ.jɔ̃/ |
challengiez /(t)ʃa.lɛn(d)ʒ.je/ |
challengent /(t)ʃa.lɛn(d)ʒ/ |
imperfect2 | challengeasse /(t)ʃa.lɛn(.d)ʒas/ |
challengeasses /(t)ʃa.lɛn(.d)ʒas/ |
challengeât /(t)ʃa.lɛn(.d)ʒa/ |
challengeassions /(t)ʃa.lɛn(.d)ʒa.sjɔ̃/ |
challengeassiez /(t)ʃa.lɛn(.d)ʒa.sje/ |
challengeassent /(t)ʃa.lɛn(.d)ʒas/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | challenge /(t)ʃa.lɛn(d)ʒ/ |
— | challengeons /(t)ʃa.lɛn(.d)ʒɔ̃/ |
challengez /(t)ʃa.lɛn(.d)ʒe/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Further reading
[edit]- “challenger”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Categories:
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms with usage examples
- English terms with quotations
- English agent nouns
- en:People
- en:Stock characters
- French 3-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- French lemmas
- French verbs
- French verbs with conjugation -ger
- French first group verbs