Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hiz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱís, compound of *ḱe +‎ *ís.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xiz/

Determiner

*hiz

1. this

Inflection

Declension of *hiz (irregular)

	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*hiz	*hijō?	*hit		*hīz	*hijōz	*hijō
accusative	*hinǭ	*hijǭ	*hit		*hinz	*hijōz	*hijō
genitive	*hes	*hezōz	*hes		*hezǫ̂	*hezǫ̂	*hezǫ̂
dative	*himmai	*hezōi	*himmai		*himaz	*himaz	*himaz
instrumental	*hinō	*hezō	*hinō		*himiz	*himiz	*himiz

Derived terms

• *hidrê
• *hinō dagō
  • Proto-West Germanic: *hiu dagu (see there for further descendants)
  • Gothic: 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌰 (himma daga)

Related terms

• *hē₂r

See also

• *iz
• *sa

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *hiʀ
  • Old English: hē
    • Middle English: he, hee, ȝe, e, hey, hi, hie, hye, heo, ho, hæ, ha, a
      • English: he
      • Scots: he
      • Yola: hea, he, hey, hay
  • Old Frisian: hī
    • North Frisian:

      Most dialects: hi, he

      Halligen: hii

    • Saterland Frisian: hie
    • West Frisian: hy
  • Old Saxon: hē, hī
    • Middle Low German: hê, hî
      • Low German: he
        • German Low German: he
  • Old Dutch: hie
    • Middle Dutch: hi
      • Dutch: hij, ie
      • Limburgish: hae
  • Old High German: her (northern dialects)
    • Middle High German: her, *he
      • Central Franconian: hä
      • Luxembourgish: hien (from the accusative)
      • Vilamovian: hār
• Proto-Norse: ᚺᛁᚾᛟ (hino) (masculine accusative singular)
• Gothic: *𐌷𐌹𐍃 (*his)

Further reading

• Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[2], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN