婿
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Translingual
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| Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]婿 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 女弓人月 (VNOB), four-corner 47427, composition ⿰女胥)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 266, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6470
- Dae Jaweon: page 533, character 16
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1069, character 14
- Unihan data for U+5A7F
Chinese
[edit]| trad. | 婿 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 婿 | |
| alternative forms | 壻 聓 聟 | |
Glyph origin
[edit]Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sŋeːs) : semantic 女 + phonetic 胥 (OC *sŋa, *sŋaʔ).
Attested in Qin materials as ⿰士咠, which is of semantic 士 + phonetic 咠 (OC *ʔsib, *sʰib); the phonetic part is later conflated into 胥 (Li, 2022).
Etymology
[edit]Reminiscent of Proto-South-Bahnaric *saːj (“to marry; spouse”) (Schuessler, 2007).
The Standard Mandarin pronunciation xù is due to rounding assimilation in the word 女婿 (nǚxu), which generalized to the character reading (Zhou, 1997).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xi2
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): xy4
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): xy3
- Northern Min (KCR): sĭ
- Eastern Min (BUC): sái / sá̤
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cai4 / sai4 / se4
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5shi; 5shiu
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): si6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄩˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: syù
- Wade–Giles: hsü4
- Yale: syù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiuh
- Palladius: сюй (sjuj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕy⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: xi2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xi
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: sai3
- Yale: sai
- Cantonese Pinyin: sai3
- Guangdong Romanization: sei3
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɐi̯³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: lhai4
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬai²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: xy4
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕy³⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: se
- Hakka Romanization System: se
- Hagfa Pinyim: se4
- Sinological IPA: /se⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: xy3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕy⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sĭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /si²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sái / sá̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɑi²¹³/, /sɑ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- sái - vernacular;
- sá̤ - literary.
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: cai4
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰai⁴²/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: sai4
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬai⁴²/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: se4
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬe⁴²/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- cai4 - vernacular;
- sai4 - vernacular;
- se4 - literary.
- Southern Min
- sài - vernacular;
- sè - literary.
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: sejH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ˤ[i][j]-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sŋeːs/
Definitions
[edit]婿
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “婿”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 269.
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 婿 |
| むこ Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 壻 聟 |
*/moko/ → *⟨muko1⟩ → */mukʷo/*⟨mo(1)ko1⟩ → */mʷokʷo/[1] → /muko/
Found in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE with the ideographic spelling 聟.[2]
Although the reading muko is not confirmed in Old Japanese documents, the presence of cognate words suggests that this may be from Proto-Japonic *moko (cognate with Okinawan 婿 (mūku), Kunigami 婿 (mufu), Miyako 婿 (muku) and the moko below). This would be the a result of a phonological change, whereby non-final */o/ in Proto-Japonic nouns shifted to become /u/ in Central Old Japanese.
In regard to the derivation, there are some theories proposed, however many of them are associated with the verbs 向かう (mukau, “to go towards”) and 迎える (mukaeru, “to receive”), both derived from 向く (muku, “to turn toward”), from Proto-Japonic *muk-, from the idea of "the facing party, the other person (of a pair)"; see also 向こう (mukō, “the other side, the facing side”). Theories to explain this inconsistency in the proto-forms have not been published yet.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- a husband who has entered his wife's house:
- a son-in-law
- a groom, bridegroom (man who is about to get married)
Antonyms
[edit]- (antonym(s) of “all senses”): 嫁 (yome)
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Entry at Gogen-Allguide (in Japanese)
Etymology 2
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 婿 |
| もこ Grade: S |
| irregular |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 聟 |
*/moko/ → ⟨mo(1)ko1⟩ → */mʷokʷo/ → /moko/
From other Old Japanese dialects besides Central Old Japanese, with a conserved */o/ as ⟨o1⟩.
Possibly cognate or otherwise related with Old Japanese もこ (mo1ko1, “companion, fellow”).
Noun
[edit]- (dialectal, Tōhoku, Northern Kantō, Niigata, Nagano, Chūgoku, etc.) Nonstandard form of むこ (muko) above
- 898–901, Shinsen Jikyō:
Etymology 3
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 婿 |
| せい Grade: S |
| kan'on |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 壻 |
From Middle Chinese 婿 (MC sejH).
Affix
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Frellesvig, B. & Whitman, J. (2008) "The Vowels of Proto-Japanese", Proto-Japanese: Issues and Prospects. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Co.
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]婿 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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