副

副 U+526F, 副 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-526F ← 剮 [U+526E] CJK Unified Ideographs 剰 → [U+5270]

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order (Japan)

Han character

副 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 一田中弓 (MWLN), four-corner 1260₀, composition ⿰畐刂)

Derived characters

• 㨽, 𫋖, 𨄩, 𠠦, 𦸕

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 142, character 23
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2097
• Dae Jaweon: page 322, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 347, character 16
• Unihan data for U+526F

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 副
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (畐) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
富	*pɯɡs
輻	*pɯɡs, *pɯɡ
副	*pʰɯɡs, *pʰrɯɡ, *pʰɯɡ
褔	*pʰɯɡs
蔔	*bɯːɡ
匐	*bɯːɡ, *bɯɡ
逼	*prɯɡ
偪	*prɯɡ, *pɯɡ
幅	*prɯɡ, *pɯɡ
楅	*prɯɡ, *pɯɡ
湢	*prɯɡ
堛	*pʰrɯɡ
愊	*pʰrɯɡ
踾	*pʰrɯɡ, *brɯɡ, *pɯɡ
揊	*pʰrɯɡ
稫	*pʰrɯɡ
畐	*pʰrɯɡ, *bɯɡ
疈	*pʰrɯɡ
腷	*brɯɡ
鶝	*brɯɡ, *pɯɡ
福	*pɯɡ
蝠	*pɯɡ
葍	*pɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *pʰɯɡs, *pʰrɯɡ, *pʰɯɡ) : phonetic 畐 (OC *pʰrɯɡ, *bɯɡ) + semantic 刂 (“knife”).

Pronunciation 1

simp. and trad.		副
2nd round simp.		付
alternative forms		㽬 褔

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fù (fu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fu³
• Gan (Wiktionary): fu⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fu
• Eastern Min (BUC): hó
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hù

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hu³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fù
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fù
    • Wade–Giles: fu⁴
    • Yale: fù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuh
    • Palladius: фу (fu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: fu³
    • Yale: fu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fu³
    • Guangdong Romanization: fu³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuː³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: fu⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fu
    • Hakka Romanization System: fu
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /fu⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hó
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hou²¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hù
    • Tâi-lô: hù
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hux
    • IPA (Taipei): /hu¹¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /hu⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /hu²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hu³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hù
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hu²¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: phjuwH

Rime
Character	副
Reading #	1/3
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	敷救切
Baxter	phjuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰɨuH/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰiuH/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰiəuH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰuwH/
Li Rong	/pʰiuH/
Wang Li	/pʰĭəuH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pʰi̯ə̯uH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fau3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*pʰək-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*pʰɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	副
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fù
Middle Chinese	‹ phjuwH ›
Old Chinese	/*pʰək-s/
English	secondary
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	副
Reading #	3/3
No.	3404
Phonetic component	畐
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	蝮
Old Chinese	/*pʰɯɡ/

Definitions

副

1. secondary; auxiliary

   副產物／副产物  ―  fùchǎnwù  ―  byproduct

   副作用  ―  fùzuòyòng  ―  side effect

   • 秦皇帝東游，良與客狙擊秦皇帝博浪沙中，誤中副車。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     秦皇帝东游，良与客狙击秦皇帝博浪沙中，误中副车。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Qín Huángdì dōng yóu, Liáng yǔ kè jūjī Qín Huángdì Bólàng shā zhōng, wù zhòng fù chē. [Pinyin]

     Zhang Liang and his hire were lying in wait in the dunes of Bolang to attack the Emperor of Qin who was on his eastward tour. However, they hit his auxiliary carriage by mistake.

2. duplicate

   副本  ―  fùběn  ―  duplicate; copy

   • 藏之名山，副在京師，俟後世聖人君子。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     藏之名山，副在京师，俟后世圣人君子。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Cáng zhī míngshān, fù zài Jīngshī, sì hòushì shèngrén jūnzǐ. [Pinyin]

     I will induct them into the monumentous archives of the state while the copies circulate in our capital. By this, I await the future generations of wisdom and virtue.

3. (grammar) Short for 副詞／副词 (fùcí, “adverb”).
4. Classifier for pairs, sets of things, medical prescriptions, facial expressions, etc..

   一副手套  ―  yī fù shǒutào  ―  a pair of gloves

   一副小人嘴臉／一副小人嘴脸  ―  yī fù xiǎorén zuǐliǎn  ―  a face (roughly, "a set of looks") with "villain" written all over it

5. assistant; deputy

   副手  ―  fùshǒu  ―  assistant

   1. (nautical) mate (an officer of the ship)

      大副  ―  dàfù  ―  first mate

6. sub-; vice- (subsidiary, secondary)

   副省級／副省级  ―  fùxǐngjí  ―  sub-provincial level

   副總統／副总统  ―  fùzǒngtǒng  ―  vice-president

7. (literary) to match; to agree; to be concordant; to be congruent

   名不副實／名不副实  ―  míngbùfùshí  ―  in name only; the name/reputation fails to match the reality

   • 華實副則禮。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     华实副则礼。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Yang Xiong, Fa Yan (Exemplary Sayings), 9 CE, translated based on Jeffrey S. Bullock's version

     Huá shí fù zé lǐ. [Pinyin]

     If ornamentation and substance are paired, then it is li.

8. (obsolete) name of an ornamental headdress

   • 夫人副褘立于房中。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     夫人副袆立于房中。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Fūrén fù yī lì yú fáng zhōng. [Pinyin]

     [A]nd his wife, in her head-dress and embroidered robe, stood in her room.

Compounds

• 一副
• 三副 (sānfù)
• 二副 (èrfù)
• 全副 (quánfù)
• 副主席 (fùzhǔxí)
• 副作用 (fùzuòyòng)
• 副冊 / 副册
• 副刊 (fùkān)
• 副官 (fùguān)
• 副室
• 副將 / 副将 (fùjiàng)
• 副性徵 / 副性征 (fùxìngzhēng)
• 副手 (fùshǒu)
• 副控室 (fùkòngshì)
• 副啟 / 副启
• 副教授 (fùjiàoshòu)
• 副文化
• 副曲
• 副會長 / 副会长
• 副本 (fùběn)
• 副末
• 副東 / 副东
• 副業 / 副业 (fùyè)
• 副榜
• 副標題 / 副标题 (fùbiāotí)
• 副歌 (fùgē)
• 副淨 / 副净
• 副理
• 副產品 / 副产品 (fùchǎnpǐn)
• 副甲狀腺 / 副甲状腺 (fùjiǎzhuàngxiàn)
• 副省級 / 副省级 (fùshěngjí)
• 副睪丸 / 副睾丸
• 副程式 (fùchéngshì)
• 副笄
• 副經理 / 副经理
• 副線 / 副线
• 副總理 / 副总理 (fùzǒnglǐ)
• 副總統 / 副总统 (fùzǒngtǒng)
• 副總裁 / 副总裁 (fùzǒngcái)
• 副署 (fùshǔ)
• 副翼 (fùyì)
• 副職 / 副职 (fùzhí)
• 副能
• 副虹
• 副角
• 副詞 / 副词 (fùcí)
• 副語言 / 副语言
• 副議長 / 副议长
• 副貢 / 副贡
• 副貳 / 副贰
• 副車 / 副车
• 副靖
• 副領事 / 副领事
• 副題 / 副题 (fùtí)
• 副食 (fùshí)
• 副食物
• 副鼻腔炎 (fùbíqiāngyán)
• 力不副心
• 名不副實 / 名不副实 (míngbùfùshí)
• 名副其實 / 名副其实 (míngfùqíshí)
• 名實不副 / 名实不副
• 名實俱副 / 名实俱副
• 名實相副 / 名实相副 (míngshíxiāngfù)
• 名高難副 / 名高难副
• 坼副 (chèpì)
• 大副 (dàfù)
• 家庭副業 / 家庭副业
• 對副 / 对副
• 成副兒 / 成副儿
• 盛名難副 / 盛名难副

 

Usage notes

As classifier, it should not be confused with 幅 (fú).

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 副 (“pair (of gloves)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		副
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	副
	Taiwan	雙
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	副
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	雙, 副
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	雙, 副
	Wuhan	副, 雙
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	副
	Hefei	雙
Cantonese	Guangzhou	對
	Hong Kong	對
	Yangjiang	對
Gan	Nanchang	雙
Hakka	Meixian	雙
Jin	Taiyuan	副
Northern Min	Jian'ou	副, 雙
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	副
Southern Min	Xiamen	副
	Chaozhou	雙
Wu	Suzhou	副
	Wenzhou	副
Xiang	Changsha	副, 雙
	Shuangfeng	副, 雙

Pronunciation 2

simp. and trad.		副
alternative forms		疈 㨽 罷

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): pì (pi⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): pik¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pì
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pì
    • Wade–Giles: pʻi⁴
    • Yale: pì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pih
    • Palladius: пи (pi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰi⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: pik¹
    • Yale: pīk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: pik⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: pig¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɪk̚⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: phjuwk, phik

Rime
Character	副	副
Reading #	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)	滂 (2)
Final (韻)	屋 (4)	職 (134)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	芳福切	芳逼切
Baxter	phjuwk	phik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰɨuk̚/	/pʰɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰiuk̚/	/pʰɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰiuk̚/	/pʰiek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰuwk̚/	/pʰik̚/
Li Rong	/pʰiuk̚/	/pʰiək̚/
Wang Li	/pʰĭuk̚/	/pʰĭək̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pʰi̯uk̚/	/pʰi̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fu	pi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fuk1	pik1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*pʰrək/

  (Zhengzhang): /*pʰɯɡs/, /*pʰrɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	副
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fù
Middle Chinese	‹ phik ›
Old Chinese	/*pʰrək/
English	split, cut open, cleave
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	副	副
Reading #	1/3	2/3
No.	3374	3388
Phonetic component	畐	畐
Rime group	代	職
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	副	堛
Old Chinese	/*pʰɯɡs/	/*pʰrɯɡ/

Definitions

副

1. ^† to split open

Japanese

Kanji

副

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: ふく (fuku, Jōyō)、ふ (fu)
• Kan-on: ふく (fuku, Jōyō)、ふう (fū)
• Kun: そう (sou, 副う)、そえ (soe)

Compounds

• 介(かい)副(ぞえ) (kaizoe)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
副
ふく Grade: 4
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 副 (MC phjuwH).

Pronunciation

(noun sense only)

• (Tokyo) ふく [fùkúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
• IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟kɯ̟]

Noun

副(ふく) • (fuku) 

1. copy
2. Short for 副詞 (fukushi, “adverb”).

Prefix

副(ふく) • (fuku-) 

1. assistant, sub-, vice-, auxiliary, supplemental

Derived terms

• 副(ふく)王(おう) (fukuō)
• 副(ふく)官(かん) (fukukan), 副(ふっ)官(かん) (fukkan)
• 副(ふく)業(ぎょう) (fukugyō)
• 副(ふく)署(しょ) (fukusho)
• 副(ふく)将(しょう) (fukushō)
• 副(ふく)賞(しょう) (fukushō)
• 副(ふく)食(しょく) (fukushoku)
• 副(ふく)審(しん) (fukushin)
• 副(ふく)腎(じん) (fukujin)
• 副(ふく)層(そう) (fukusō)
• 副(ふく)題(だい) (fukudai)
• 副(ふく)本(ほん) (fukuhon)
• 関(かん)副(ふく) (kanfuku)
• 正(せい)副(ふく) (seifuku)
• 大(たい)副(ふ) (taifu)
• 副(ふく)詞(し) (fukushi)
• 副(ふく)意(い)識(しき) (fukuishiki)
• 副(ふく)音(おん)声(せい) (fukuonsei)
• 副(ふく)会(かい)長(ちょう) (fukukaichō)
• 副(ふく)監(かん)督(とく) (fukukantoku)
• 副(ふく)作(さ)用(よう) (fukusayō)
• 副(ふく)産(さん)物(ぶつ) (fukusanbutsu)
• 副(ふく)詞(し)節(せつ) (fukushisetsu)
• 副(ふく)次(じ)的(てき) (fukujiteki)
• 副(ふく)社(しゃ)長(ちょう) (fukushachō)
• 副(ふく)首(しゅ)相(しょう) (fukushushō)
• 副(ふく)収(しゅう)入(にゅう) (fukushūnyū)
• 副(ふく)助(じょ)詞(し) (fukujoshi)
• 副(ふく)食(しょく)物(ぶつ) (fukushokubutsu)
• 副(ふく)神(しん)経(けい) (fukushinkei)
• 副(ふく)振(しん)動(どう) (fukushindō)
• 副(ふく)葬(そう)品(ひん) (fukusōhin)
• 副(ふく)知(ち)事(じ) (fukuchiji)
• 副(ふく)鼻(び)腔(こう) (fukubikō), 副(ふく)鼻(び)腔(くう) (fukubikū)
• 副(ふく)甲(こう)状(じょう)腺(せん) (fukukōjōsen)
• 副(ふく)操(そう)縦(じゅう)士(し) (fukusōjūshi)
• 副(ふく)大(だい)統(とう)領(りょう) (fukudaitōryō)

 

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 副 (MC phjuwH). Recorded as Middle Korean 부〯 (pwǔ) (Yale: pwu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

副 (eumhun 버금 부 (beogeum bu))

1. hanja form^? of 부 (“secondary; auxiliary”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 부사 (副詞, busa, “adverb”)
• 부작용 (副作用, bujagyong, “side effect”)
• 부통령 (副統領, butongnyeong, “vice president”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

副: Hán Nôm readings: phó, pho

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.